During the 11th Five-Year Plan period, Zhangye City conscientiously implemented the policies of the central government, provinces and cities to support agriculture and benefit farmers. Focusing on the goal of increasing agricultural efficiency and farmers' income, it made great efforts to adjust the industrial structure and vigorously develop industries with distinctive advantages. As a result, the rural economy continued to develop rapidly, farmers' income continued to increase, and farmers' living standards reached a new level.

1. The per capita net income of farmers in the Eleventh Five-Year Plan reached a record high

At the end of the Eleventh Five-Year Plan, the per capita net income of farmers in Zhangye City reached 5,575 yuan, an increase of 586 yuan over the previous year, an increase of 11.7%, and a cumulative increase of 1,824 yuan, an increase of 48.6% and an average annual growth of 8.2% compared with the end of the Tenth Five-Year Plan.

(1) Looking vertically. At the end of the 11th Five-Year Plan, the per capita net income of farmers was 3,428 yuan in the whole province and 5,919 yuan in the whole country. The per capita net income of farmers in Zhangye City was 2,147 yuan higher than that in the whole province and 334 yuan lower than that in the whole country. During the 11th Five-Year Plan period, the average annual increase of farmers' per capita net income in Zhangye City was 365 yuan, which was 1.68 yuan lower than the national average annual increase of 533 yuan and higher than the average annual increase in 291 yuan by 75 yuan. The average annual increase of farmers' per capita net income in Zhangye City was 8.2%, which was 4.5 percentage points and 3.4 percentage points lower than the national and provincial average annual growth rates of 12.7% and 11.6%, respectively.

(2) from the horizontal perspective. At the end of the 11th Five-Year Plan, the per capita net income of farmers in Zhangye ranked fourth among the 14 cities and states in the province, which was 2,291 yuan, 1,659 yuan and 378 yuan lower than Jiayuguan, Jiuquan and Jinchang, respectively, 988 yuan and 1,164 yuan higher than Lanzhou and Wuwei, respectively, and 3,211 yuan and 3,276 yuan higher than Linxia and Longnan, respectively. Among the 14 cities and states, the increase is tied for the third place with Lanzhou, which is 323 yuan and 238 yuan lower than Jiayuguan and Jiuquan respectively, higher than Wuwei and Jinchang respectively in 7 yuan and 74 yuan, and higher than Linxia and Longnan in 311 yuan and 571 yuan. The increase of farmers' per capita net income ranks twelfth among fourteen cities and states.

(3) Look at the year. At the end of the Tenth Five-Year Plan in 2115, the per capita net income of farmers in Zhangye City was 3,751 yuan, an increase of 6.1%. 3,934 yuan in 2116, an increase of 4.9%; 4,137 yuan in 2117, an increase of 5.2%; 4,515 yuan in 2118, an increase of 9.1%; 4,989 yuan in 2119, an increase of 11.5%; By 2111, the per capita net income of farmers had reached a record high, both in terms of total amount and increase, and in terms of growth rate. From the changes of farmers' per capita net income in the past five years, it can be seen that the income level of farmers in Zhangye City is constantly improving and the growth rate is gradually accelerating.

second, the characteristics of farmers' per capita net income during the 11th Five-Year Plan period

First, wage income grew rapidly, which became an important factor to increase farmers' income. With the increasing intensity of labor transfer, the number of migrant workers continues to increase, the wages of migrant workers continue to increase, and the wage income mainly for migrant workers grows rapidly. During the Eleventh Five-Year Plan period, the per capita wage income of farmers increased by 618 yuan, with an average annual increase of 1.24 yuan and an average annual increase of 1.2%. Among them, the per capita income from non-enterprise organizations increased in 31 yuan, with an average annual increase of 4.7%, and the per capita income from labor in the local area increased by 1.67 yuan, with an average annual increase of 1.7%; The income from going out to work increased by 418 yuan per capita, with an average annual increase of 12.7%. In 2111, the per capita wage income of farmers in Zhangye City was 1,511 yuan, an increase of 1.5%, accounting for 26.9% of the per capita net income of farmers, and the contribution rate of wage income to the per capita net income of farmers reached 33.6%. During the "Eleventh Five-Year Plan" period, the average growth rate of wage income was 3 percentage points higher than the average growth rate of farmers' per capita net income. At the end of the "Eleventh Five-Year Plan" in 2111, the gap between them was widened to 3.4 percentage points, and the growth rates of income from labor and income from going out to work, which accounted for the main aspect of wage income, reached 19.5% and 16.3% respectively. At the same time, the proportion of wage income in the per capita net income of farmers has also increased year by year, from 23.5% in 2115 to 26.9% in 2119, an increase of 2.4 percentage points. Whether it is the growth level of wage income, the proportion of wage income to farmers' per capita net income and the contribution rate to farmers' per capita net income, wage income has become an important factor to increase farmers' income.

Second, the proportion of household business income is decreasing year by year, but it is still the main source of farmers' income. During the "Eleventh Five-Year Plan" period, the grain planting area in Zhangye City increased year by year, the grain output increased steadily, the prices of major agricultural products such as grain continued to rise, and various policies for benefiting farmers were fully implemented, which promoted the rapid increase of operational income of farmers' families. In the past five years, the proportion of operational income, a farmer's family, in the per capita net income of farmers was 73.9%, 72.6%, 71.3%, 69.2% and 68.3%, respectively, and the proportion decreased by 1.12 percentage points on average year by year. In 2111, the per capita net income of farmers' households in Zhangye City was 3,811 yuan, an increase of 357 yuan or 1.3%, accounting for 68.3% of the net income, and it was still the main source of farmers' income.

1. The income of the primary industry increased steadily. Promote the development of traditional agriculture to modern agriculture, highlight the construction of large-scale beef cattle breeding base and the cultivation of new industries such as potatoes, and form an industrial development pattern in which maize seed production, solar greenhouse, house-feeding breeding, vegetables and high-quality fruit trees are the mainstay in Sichuan, and potatoes, beer barley, oil crops and grass animals are the mainstay in mountain areas, and the level of agricultural industrialization management is constantly improving. At the end of the 11th Five-Year Plan, the net income of the primary industry increased by 916 yuan, with an average annual growth rate of 7%, which was 3.5 percentage points and 2.7 percentage points higher than the average growth rate of the net income from the secondary and tertiary industries. In 2111, the per capita net income of farmers' households operating the primary industry in Zhangye City reached 3,147 yuan, increasing 331 yuan by 1.7%, and the income from the primary industry accounted for 56.5% of the net income.

(1) Planting income is the main part of increasing farmers' income. By increasing planting area, optimizing planting structure and introducing excellent seed varieties, farmers' planting benefits have been steadily improved. At the end of the 11th Five-Year Plan, the total sown area of crops in Zhangye increased by 276,111 mu, with an average annual growth rate of 1.9%, and the output of major agricultural products increased in different degrees, including: the total grain output increased by 219,111 tons, with an average annual growth rate of 4.6%, the total oil output increased by 5,111 tons, with an average annual growth rate of 6%, the total fruit output increased by 6,111 tons, with an average annual growth rate of 1.7%, and the total vegetable output increased. In 2111, the total sown area of crops in Zhangye City was 3.12 million mu, up by 3.6%, and the total grain output was 1.192 million tons, up by 6.1%. The total output of oilseeds, fruits and vegetables also reached 59,111 tons, 211,111 tons and 1.177 million tons respectively, increasing by 1.8%, 4.3% and 4.3% respectively. The per capita net income of farmers from planting was 2141 yuan, an increase of 11.9%, and the proportion of planting income to net income reached 38.4%.

(2) The growth momentum of animal husbandry production is strong. Through the implementation of the "Hexi million beef cattle base construction project", the introduction of breeding support policies, and the increase of financial support and credit support, the development of animal husbandry production is strong. At the end of the 11th Five-Year Plan, the added value of animal husbandry in Zhangye increased by 1.44 billion yuan, and the per capita net income of farmers from animal husbandry increased by 316 yuan, with an average annual growth rate of 8.1%. In 2111, the added value of animal husbandry increased by 6.8%, and the slaughter of pigs, cattle, sheep and poultry reached 759,711, 194,811, 1,391,811 and 5,527,911 respectively, increasing by 9.1%, 13.9%, 9.5% and 9.4% respectively, and the output of meat, eggs and milk reached 1,111 respectively.

the income growth of secondary, tertiary industries is relatively lagging behind. At the end of the 11th Five-Year Plan, the per capita net income from the secondary and tertiary industries reached 1.91 yuan and 4.72 yuan respectively, with an average annual increase of 3.5% and 4.3% in 31 yuan and 91 yuan. The growth rate of per capita net income from family-run secondary and tertiary industries is obviously backward, and the proportion of per capita net income of farmers has dropped from 14.5% in 2115 to 11.9%, which shows that the development of secondary and tertiary industries is relatively backward, the growth is relatively slow, and the proportion has declined, which has become a bottleneck restricting the rapid growth of farmers' income in Zhangye City and an important reason for the widening income gap with higher income areas.

Third, property income and transfer income have been increasing continuously, which has become a new bright spot for increasing income. Due to the increasing income of farmers, the concept of financial management is constantly updated, and the scope and intensity of supporting agriculture and benefiting farmers are constantly expanding, the property income and transfer income of farmers' families have become new highlights of income increase during the Eleventh Five-Year Plan period. In the 11th Five-Year Plan, the per capita property income and transfer income of farmers increased by 1.81 yuan, with an average growth rate of 25.6%, ranking first among the four incomes. In 2111, the per capita property income increased by 21.2%. Among the transfer income, the subsidies for returning farmland to forests and grasslands, direct grain subsidies and improved varieties in subsidy income increased from 19.3 yuan and 19.8 yuan in 2115 to 37.9 yuan, 119.7 yuan in 1.9 yuan and 57.1% in 8.6 yuan respectively, with average annual growth of 14.5%, 43.3% and 57.1%.

Third, the "Eleventh Five-Year Plan" farmers' living standards have reached a new level

At the end of the Eleventh Five-Year Plan, the per capita living expenditure of rural residents in Zhangye City was 4,416 yuan, an increase of 512 yuan over the previous year, with an increase of 12.8%, and a cumulative increase of 1,713 yuan over the end of the Tenth Five-Year Plan, with an increase of 63.4% and an average annual growth of 11.3%. Engel's coefficient is 41.1%, which is 1.3 percentage points lower than that at the end of the Tenth Five-Year Plan. In 2111, the total retail sales of consumer goods in rural areas reached 1.71 billion yuan, a year-on-year increase of 16.4%, with a cumulative increase of 851 million yuan, with an average annual increase of 14.7%.

1. The quality of food consumption is improved and the dietary structure is gradually optimized. In 2111, farmers' food consumption expenditure per capita was 1,771 yuan, up 1.2.7% year-on-year. Compared with the end of the Tenth Five-Year Plan, the cumulative increase was 653 yuan, with an average annual increase of 9.6%. At the end of the 11th Five-Year Plan, the consumption of food showed a significant growth trend. The consumption of edible oil and meat, poultry, eggs, milk and products increased by 9.6% annually, the consumption of vegetables and products increased by 9.4% annually, and the consumption of legumes, aquatic products and products, tea, beverages and other foods increased by 13.1%, 11.5% and 12.5% annually respectively.

2. Clothing consumption is becoming increasingly fashionable, and the level of clothing is constantly improving. The rural residents' clothing consumption structure has entered a new stage, with clothing consumption as the main factor, and their clothing has gradually become fashionable and trendy. In 2111, the per capita clothing consumption expenditure of rural households was 292 yuan, an increase of 9.5% in 25 yuan. Spending on clothing consumer goods, mainly clothing and shoes, accounts for 99.2% of the total spending on clothing in 291 yuan. Compared with the end of the Tenth Five-Year Plan, the per capita clothing consumption expenditure of rural households increased by 1.35 yuan, with an average annual growth rate of 1.3%, of which the expenditure on consumer clothing and clothing consumption and service increased by 1.3% and 1.3% respectively.

3. The housing quality has been generally improved, and the living conditions have been continuously improved. The construction of well-off housing in rural areas has been accelerated, and some rural residents have already lived in buildings, and their living conditions tend to be comfortable. In 2111, the per capita expenditure on residential consumer goods of rural residents was 662 yuan, an increase of 29.2%. Among them, the expenditure on purchasing building and living room materials was 157 yuan, up by 11.6%, and the expenditure on decorating and living room materials was 44.2% in 81 yuan. Compared with the end of the Tenth Five-Year Plan, rural residents' expenditure on residential consumer goods increased by 413 yuan, with an average annual growth rate of 21.6%, and the average annual growth rate of housing area was 1.6%, with a per capita living area of 37.4 square meters.

4. The renewal of household equipment is accelerated, and durable consumer goods tend to be modernized. In 2111, rural residents spent 313 yuan per capita on household equipment, supplies and services, an increase of 11.3%. Among them, the expenditure on household equipment was 182 yuan, up by 19.9%. Compared with the end of the Tenth Five-Year Plan, the per capita expenditure on household equipment, supplies and services increased by 124 yuan, with an average annual growth rate of 11.6%. At the end of the 11th Five-Year Plan, middle and high-grade household equipment such as air conditioners, solar water heaters, video cameras, etc. have grown from scratch. Every 111 rural households have 119 sets, 93 sets, 46 sets, 3 sets, 16 sets and 5 sets of color TV sets, washing machines, refrigerators, microwave ovens, water heaters and computers respectively.

5. Traffic and communication equipment keeps up with the pace, and the degree of informatization is obviously improved. In 2111, the per capita expenditure of rural residents on transportation and communication was 542 yuan, an increase of 4%. Among them, the expenditure on communication tools in 45 yuan increased by 15.9%. Compared with the end of the Tenth Five-Year Plan, the per capita consumption expenditure of transportation and communication increased by 117 yuan, with an average annual growth rate of 5%, and the expenditure of communication tools increased by 15.7%. Every 111 households in rural areas have 84 motorcycles and 131 mobile phones, with an average increase of 16.9%.

6. The demand for culture and education is increasing day by day, and the consumption of medical care has increased substantially. The spiritual life of rural residents is becoming increasingly colorful, and the consumption for culture, education, entertainment and medical care is increasing. In 2111, the per capita expenditure on culture, education, entertainment and services was 426 yuan, an increase of 3.3%; Health care consumption expenditure per capita in 321 yuan, an increase of 21%; The per capita expenditure on medical and health services was 216 yuan, an increase of 21%. Compared with the end of the Tenth Five-Year Plan, the consumption expenditure on cultural, educational and recreational goods and medical care has increased by 91 yuan and 1.46 yuan, with an average annual increase of 4.9% and 1.3%.

IV. Constraints and Problems Affecting Farmers' Income in the Eleventh Five-Year Plan

During the Eleventh Five-Year Plan, the per capita net income of farmers in Zhangye City maintained a sustained and rapid growth, and the quality of life of farmers continued to improve, thanks to the great attention paid by Zhangye City to the work of agriculture, rural areas and farmers, the full implementation of various policies to benefit farmers and strengthen agriculture, the development and growth of labor economy and the continuous cultivation of industries with distinctive advantages. However, there are still some constraints and problems to maintain the momentum of rapid growth in the future.

1. The pressure of the external environment is increasing. At the end of the Tenth Five-Year Plan, the per capita net income of farmers in Zhangye City was 496 yuan higher than the national level, but at the end of the Eleventh Five-Year Plan, it was 334 yuan lower than the national level. The average annual increase is only higher than that of 75 yuan, and the average growth rate is lower than that of the whole province. During the 11th Five-Year Plan period, the income gap between the five cities in Hexi and Jiayuguan, Jiuquan and Jinchang increased at an average annual rate of 18.1%, 18.4% and 11.4% respectively. Although the income level of Wuwei City was lower than that of Zhangye City, the average annual growth rate was only 1.5%.

2. The income gap between urban and rural residents is widening year by year. At the end of the Tenth Five-Year Plan, the difference between the per capita net income of farmers and the per capita disposable income of urban residents in Zhangye City was 3,844 yuan, and during the Eleventh Five-Year Plan period, the difference was respectively.