High school geography elective ③ (tourism geography) Knowledge Points Generalization and Summary

I. Briefly describe the connotation of tourism resources.

1. The Concept of Tourism Resources

All kinds of things and factors in nature and human society that can be attractive to tourists, can be exploited and utilized for tourism as well, and can produce economic, social and environmental benefits are collectively called tourism resources.

2, understand the classification of tourism resources

natural tourism resources: geological landscapes, waterscapes, biological landscapes, sky and meteorological landscapes

humanities tourism resources: ruins, architectural facilities, tourism commodities, human activities

3, the use of information to explain the diversity of tourism resources

(1) the geographical differences of the natural environment Difference

(2) Difference in history, cultural background and folk customs

(3) The level of social, economic, cultural, scientific and technological development

(4) Complexity and diversity of people's motives for tourism

4, cite examples and compare the difference between natural and humanistic tourism resources

Difference between natural and humanistic tourism resources

The difference between natural and humanistic tourism resources

Types of natural tourism resources Humanities tourism resources

Formation Natural natural things and phenomena Cultural things and phenomena created by human beings

Scale Generally large Generally small

Change Generally slow Generally rapid

Distribution More wild and more inhabited places

Functions Eco-tourism, adventure tourism, sports tourism, vacation tourism, fitness tourism Cultural tourism

Function Tourism, adventure tourism, sports tourism, vacation tourism, fitness tourism, cultural tourism, religious tourism, leisure tourism, shopping tourism, conference tourism, etc.

Examples Mountains, waters, vegetation, wildlife, meteorological wonders, astronomical wonders, scenic landscapes, natural disasters, nature reserves, etc. Historical monuments, gardens, handicrafts, performing arts, folklore, religious rituals, urban and rural landscapes, social customs, etc.

Examples of the main characteristics of tourism resources

Diversity, regionality, attractiveness and attraction, immovability, reusability, creativity

2. Point out the names and distribution of China's World Natural Heritage Sites on the map

Nature of the heritage and where it is located. Provincial Administrative Regions

World Natural Heritage Jiuzhaigou Scenic and Historic Interest Area--Sichuan Yunnan Sanjiang Parallel Streams Protection Area--Yunnan

Huanglong Scenic and Historic Interest Area--Sichuan Wulingyuan Scenic and Historic Interest Area--Hunan

World Cultural Heritage Great Wall--Badaling--Beijing

What is the name and distribution of China's "World Natural Heritage"

What is the name and distribution of China's "World Cultural Heritage"? The Great Wall -- Shanhaiguan -- Hebei

The Great Wall -- Jiayuguan -- Gansu Ming and Qing Forbidden City -- Beijing

Ming and Qing Forbidden City --Shenyang---Liaoning

Mogao Caves---Gansu Pingyao Ancient City---Shanxi

Mausoleum of Qin Shi Huang and Terracotta Warriors and Horses Pit---Shanxi Suzhou Classical Gardens---Jiangsu

Zhoukoudian Peking Man Ruins---Beijing Summer Palace---Beijing

Summer Palace in Chengde and surrounding Temples -- Hebei Temple of Heaven -- Beijing

Confucius Forest, Confucius Mansion and Temple in Qufu -- Shandong Dazu Rock Carving -- Chongqing

Ancient Architectural Complex of Wudang Mountain -- Hubei Mount Qingcheng -- Dujiangyan -- Sichuan

Historic Area of Potala Palace -- Tibet Ancient Villages in Southern Anhui Province -- Xidi, Hongcun -- Anhui

Lijiang Ancient City ---- Yunnan Longmen Grottoes -- Henan

Ming and Qing Dynasty Royal Bedchamber -- Ming Thirteen Tombs, Ming Xiaoling -- Beijing

Ming and Qing Dynasty Royal Bedchamber -- Ming Qing Dynasty Tombs -- Ming Mingling -- Hubei

Ming and Qing Dynasty Royal Tombs - Qing East Tomb and Qing West Tomb - Hebei

Ming and Qing Dynasty Royal Tombs - Shengjing Tombs - Liaoning Yungang Grottoes - Shanxi

Mount Lushan National Park - Jiangxi

Goguryeo royal cities, royal tombs and nobility Tombs - Jilin, Liaoning

World Cultural and Natural Heritage Mount Tai - Shandong Emeishan - Leshan Giant Buddha - Sichuan

Mount Huangshan - Anhui Wuyi - Fujian

3. Combined with examples, briefly describe the basic evaluation of the conditions for the development of tourism resources Content

1. Tourist resources of the tour value

(1) evaluation of the quality of tourism resources: mainly depends on whether it has a high aesthetic value, scientific value, historical and cultural value and economic value. High-quality tourism resources with "no one I have, no one I excellent, no one I special" will have a strong attraction to tourists.

①Aesthetic value - the most fundamental reason for the attraction of natural scenic spots to tourists

②Scientific value

③Historical and cultural value - mainly refers to humanistic landscapes

4 Economic value: the development of tourism resources can produce huge economic benefits. At present, tourism has developed into one of the important industries in the world.

(2) The cluster status of tourism resources

(3) The status of geographical combination of landscapes

2. Geographic Location and Transportation

3. Passenger Market: The distance between the tourist place and the source place is an important factor affecting the passenger market. Because the attraction radius of the tourist place is limited. Generally speaking, close to economically developed regions or countries (i.e., the main source of tourists) of tourism resources, its development and utilization of the value is better than away from economically developed areas of resources.

4. The reception capacity of the tourist places

5. The environmental capacity of the tourist places

Four, tourism landscape appreciation

(A) the method of tourism landscape appreciation

1. Selection of the viewing location

①Distance

Common Landscape Appreciation Position Grasp

Types of Landscape Landscape Examples Viewing Position Selection

Tall peaks Mount Lushan (Gan), Mount Huangshan (Anhui), Mount Tai (Lu), Wulingyuan peaks (Northwest Hunan) Distant view, overlooking

Cool shapes of landforms Asima in Lunan Shilin, Yunnan; Seven Star Rock in Zhaoqing, Guangdong; Stone Monkey Viewing the Sea at Huangshan Mountain in Anwei, Qingdao, Santa Claus Specific viewing locations

Gorges and caves in the mountains, a line in the sky The Yangtze River Three Gorges (Chongqing and Hubei), the Colorado Grand Gorge, the Colorado River, the Colorado River and the Colorado River. The Three Gorges of the Yangtze River (Chongqing and Hubei), the Grand Canyon of the Colorado (USA), and the Reedi Rock Cave in Guilin

A line of heaven

Waterfalls Niagara Falls (between Canada and the United States, between Lake Erie and Lake Ontario), Mosi-oa-Tunya Falls (between Zambia and Zimbabwe, on the Zambezi River), and the Huangguoshu Waterfalls (in Guizhou, on the Beipanjiang River), and the Huangguoshu Waterfalls (in Guizhou), which you can watch from a suitable distance. /p>

② Angle

③ Dynamic: For landscapes with organic combination of mountains and water, you can take a boat (raft) to view the scenery along the waterway on both sides.

Common landscape appreciation angle, dynamic grasp

Types of landscapes Landscape examples Viewing location selection

Rivers, lakes, lakes and seas Dongting Lake, the Yangtze River, Diandi Position of the higher pavilions and pavilions (Yueyang Tower, Yueyang, Yellow Crane Tower - Wuhan, Tengwangge, Nanchang, Daguanlou, Kunming) on top of the overlooking the far view

Lakes and ponds Daming Lake in Jinan, Lake Weiming in Beida, Mochou Lake in Nanjing, many low waterfront pavilions, pavilions, corridors, the water's edge, paved paths to look down

Shore and water organic combination of landscapes Lijiang River landscapes, Yangtze River Gorges, boat (raft) along the waterway to view the scenery on both sides of the river

2. Grasp the timing of the ornamental

Landscape Types Landscapes, and their best time to enjoy the

Scenic examples

Natural landscape that changes with the seasons, and their best time to enjoy

The seasonal change of natural landscapes. Natural landscapes that change with the seasons Northern landscapes - summer; Southern mountains above 1,000 meters - summer (this season has more rain, more clouds and mist, the scenery is rich and varied, as well as the effect of the summer heat); Northern landscapes - winter

The best time to view these landscapes is during the winter. -After the rain (both to view the sea of clouds, but also to view the sunrise and sunset)

Specific time out of the natural landscape of the Qianqiang River tidal wave - Lunar August 18 to view the tide; Qinghai Lake migratory birds - May; Dali Butterfly Club --March; mirage, Emei Mountain "Buddha's light", Jilin fog Song - specific meteorological conditions

3. Seize the landscape features

①do a good job of landscape Preparation work before viewing

② Viewing process, viewing projects, activities, viewing speed and other aspects of maintaining a certain rhythm, the viewing and thinking combined.

③ garden landscaping commonly used landscape techniques

Landscaping techniques practices and effects, for example

Main

Matching the main landscape is the key to the success or failure of the overall effect of the garden of the Forbidden City to the Hall of Supreme Harmony, the Confucius Palace to the Hall of the main scene, the rest of the scene

Matching the role of the main scene for the role of the clouds

Layers

Subsequent The method of blocking the scenery is mostly used at the entrance of the garden or at the entrance of relatively independent scenic spots in the garden, where some scenic objects (rockery, screen, bamboo, etc.) are used to block some other scenic objects, so as to achieve the mood of the mountains and the water, and the winding paths to the secluded scenery. The Dream of Red Mansions in the Grand View Garden

Partitioning The method of partitioning the scenery by the use of walls, corridors, hedges, temples and so on separates the scenic spots into different scenic spots in order to increase the twists and turns and the levels, and to enrich the landscape and the travelers' imagination. Imagination Suzhou Garden

Frame Scenery Use door frames, window frames, hole frames as frames for taking scenery, limit the scene to the scope seen from the frame, optimize the combination of aesthetic objects, achieve the pure, refined, concentrated landscape beauty Suzhou Garden

Borrowed Scenery Borrow the landscape outside the garden to set off the scenery of the garden, in order to expand the landscape of the garden West Lake borrows the "three sides of the clouds and mountains and one side of the city"; the Summer Palace is the only place that the garden can be set off. West Lake by "three cloudy mountains and one city"; Summer Palace by four mountain pagodas

4. Understanding the harmony of nature and humanities, experience the mood of the landscape

①China's natural landscape one of the most important features -- natural and humanistic landscapes into one

A. Temples, pavilions, pavilions, pagodas, cliffs and other humanistic landscapes, the layout and layout of the landscape, the landscape and the landscape. Temple, pavilion, pavilion, pagoda, rock carving and other humanistic landscape, layout, design of the basic idea is due to the situation, appropriate, so that the humanistic landscape to play a role in harmonizing with nature, and highlight the role of natural beauty.

Temples and Pagodas

Temples and Pagodas

Temples and Pagodas

Geographic location Located in the foothills, valleys, small basins between the mountains in the dense forests In the lake and mountainous areas of the low hills and forests, the ridgelines of the small hillocks or foothills and lakes

Humanistic meaning Causes the meaning of the deep mountains to hide the ancient temples. It is in line with the Buddhist idea of transcendence from the world. The image of the tower breaks through the gentle curves of the landscape, thus making the tower an important feature of the landscape.

Example: Wutai Mountain Temple, Dali Three Pagodas

B. Literary and artistic forms such as poems and couplets, myths and legends, and anecdotes of celebrities are used to render the natural beauty of the landscape, and to link the natural and humanistic landscapes in a skillful and harmonious way.

② Other humanistic landscapes on the construction of natural and humanistic harmony

In China's ancient garden construction: the requirement of reproducing nature ("although made by man, just like from heaven").

Comparison of China's northern gardens and southern gardens

Northern royal gardens Southern private gardens

Architectural features Grand scale. Architectural colors are heavy, with red and yellow as the main hues Smaller scale. Architectural colors are light, with black and white as the main colors

Harmony of nature and humanity shows the dignity and wealth of the royal power, and with the broad and neat terrain, more blue sky and white clouds of the climate features reflect the psychological needs of the garden owners in pursuit of idleness and tranquility, and with the water countryside scenery, the humid climate features into one

3 a side of the landscape on one side of the situation

The customs of folklore -- is the result of a certain area of people living in harmony with nature, one side of the mountains and water, one side of the feelings

5. Viewing the landscape with feelings -- the highest state of landscape appreciation

Specific requirements for viewing the landscape with feelings

1) Comprehensive feelings -- visual, auditory, olfactory, gustatory, tactile, etc.

② play imagination -- Mount Tai, Mount Huangshan, Mount Hua, Mount Emei, Mount Qingcheng are characterized by majestic, strange, dangerous, beautiful, quiet, the landforms of the cool modeling ...... are to be perceived through imagination.

3 empathy and scenery, scenarios - such as "the great river goes east, the wave amassed thousands of people of the past", "the world's first worry, after the world's joy and happiness" and so on.

4 mountaineering and wading, seeking quality and truth

(2) the landscape characteristics and causes of tourist areas -------- famous tourist landscapes in China and abroad to appreciate

1. Huangshan Mountain Scenic Spot

(1) location: Huangshan Mountain Scenic Spot is located in the southern part of China's Anhui Province.

(2) Landscape features: Mount Huangshan has four great "strange pines, strange rocks, sea of clouds, hot springs".

(3) the cause of the natural landscape of Mount Huangshan: Mount Huangshan consists of granite, its granite body vertical joints are fully developed, is China's outstanding representative of granite geomorphology. Internal and external forces **** with the shaping of the geological landscape of Mount Huangshan.

The four best of Mount Huangshan

Phenomenon Genesis

Wonderful Pine The Yellow Mountain Pine is unique to Mount Huangshan, growing on the cliffs of Mount Huangshan at an altitude of 800 meters above sea level, scattered among the peaks of the mountain. Huangshan pine according to the mountain and long, the form of standing, lying, there are up, there is a different body with the stem. As the so-called Huangshan Mountain "no peaks are not stone, no stone is not pine, no pine is not strange". Huangshan pine tree with its tenacious vitality and strange posture is famous in the world. Yellow Mountain pine survives in the peak cliffs, where the rocks are hard and the soil is poor. However, the roots of the Yellow Mountain Pine can release acidic substances that dissolve and erode the granite body, so that the root system can be planted through the cracks. The survival conditions of the cliffs and the plant's sunny character, coupled with the influence of the windy Huangshan Valley, prompted the Huangshan Pine branches and trunks gnarled, flat crown.

Stone Ancient people have left such a couplet, the peaks of the Huangshan Mountain stone of the strange and wonderful: "The earth has a stone are slaves, the world has no mountain can be brother." Huangshan mountain peaks between the strange stone scattered, different forms, the name of the scene, but also exquisite. The former said that the Huangshan Mountain stone "there is a stone can be named a thing." Huangshan Mountain stone is also strange that it is often "change the color of the eyes," "change the shape of the step" of the wonderful. Huangshan's strange stone is on the basis of the peaks, through external forces

weathering and erosion and the formation of.

Sea of Clouds "Huangshan Mountain since ancient times, clouds into the sea", Mount Huangshan misty sea of clouds, magnificent and spectacular, the weather. Mount Huangshan more than 250 days a year with clouds and mist, there are "ten days nine clouds and smoke" "mountain color to come to the cloud" said. Mount Huangshan cloud is caused by special natural conditions. Huangshan belongs to the subtropical monsoon climate, abundant rainfall; high valley deep, lush forests, short sunshine hours, humidity, water vapor, easy to become clouds to fog. In addition, the peak and the bottom of the valley, sunny and shady temperature difference, water evaporation rate is different, as well as by the impact of the valley wind, the Huangshan clouds and fog treacherous.

Hot springs Compared with many famous mountains, Mount Huangshan is favored by tourists because of its hot springs, which is why it is said that "if the Five Mountains and Mount Huangshan are the same, it owes a spring to the spiritual sand". Huangshan hot springs year-round gushing, water clean and clear, drinkable and bathable. The heat of the hot springs mainly comes from the earth's interior. When the surface water seepage heat, or groundwater and underground hot rock contact, into underground hot water or steam. Hot springs are formed when hot underground water rises to the surface along faults or fissures.

2. Australia's Great Barrier Reef Scenic Area

(1) Overview: The Great Barrier Reef is the general name for a series of coral islands off the northeast coast of Australia, the largest coral reef in the world.

(2) Location, distribution, causes of the Great Barrier Reef

①Location, distribution:

A. The Great Barrier Reef is located off the northeast coast of Australia.

B. The Great Barrier Reef waters are in a tropical latitudinal position, and the warm shallow sea environment is suitable for coral polyps to reproduce.

②Causes

Formation conditions

Sea environment Water temperatures as high as 2l ℃ to 38 ℃, and vertical and seasonal variations are small

Salinity averages 3.5%

High clarity of the sea, the water is relatively calm

Shallow water, sunny

Geological environment Slow deposition of the crust, coral polyps skeleton accumulation

(3) Rich tourism resources of the Great Barrier Reef

A. Underwater world

B. Tropical scenery of the continental islands and aboriginal tribal cultures

3. Yuanyang Terraced Scenic Spot of Yunnan Province, China

(1) Geographic location: Yuanyang County is located in the southern part of China's Yunnan Province, 290 kilometers away from the capital city of Yunnan Province, Kunming.

(2) The geographical background of the construction of Yuanyang Terraces: it is the crystallization of the hard work and sweat of the Hani people who have been living here for generations for nearly a thousand years, reflecting the beauty of the harmony between man and nature.

(3) The terraced landscape of Yuanyang--different seasons, different landscapes.

4. The ancient city of Paris, France, on the banks of the Seine River

(1) History of development: 2,000 years ago, Paris was just a fishing village on the island of Cidèle on the Seine River and a few small islands in the vicinity, and then gradually expanded to the 3rd century, when it began to have the name of Paris.

(2) Paris's architectural arts and attractions: the Arc de Triomphe, the Eiffel Tower night view, the Louvre exterior, Notre Dame exterior

V. Tourist attractions planning

1. The basic elements of tourist attractions should have convenient transportation, unique landscape, safety and health, thoughtful service, excellent environment, supporting the setup of the perfect to meet the needs of a variety of consumer demand. Basic elements

2. the basic content of tourism planning

① evaluation of tourism development conditions ② tourism target positioning and development of strategic planning

③ tourism spatial layout and tourism product planning ④ tourism services and facilities planning ⑤ tourism implementation and safeguard system planning

3. the basic requirements of tourism planning

① planning concepts novel ② investigation and analysis ③ accurate positioning of tourism

4. Detailed analysis ③Accurate positioning of tourism

④Reasonable spatial layout ⑤Complete content system ⑥Scientific and feasible planning

4. Problems in the planning

(1) Lack of scientific analysis and assessment of tourism resources, failing to give full play to the advantages of the resources

(2) The development of tourism has not formed a characteristic. The image of the tourist area is unknown, and the positioning of the visitor market and products is inaccurate

(3) The spatial layout of the tourist area is unreasonable, and the excessive reception facilities in the central area are not conducive to the protection of the landscape and ecological environment.

(4) In the development and construction of scenic spots, the characteristics of urbanization are too obvious, and there are too many traces of artificial construction, which seriously damage the background environment.

(5) Tourism construction projects lack of scientific proof, man-made landscape repetitive construction, content is the same, in the local lack of cultural roots.

VI. Design of Tourism Activities

1. Collecting Information on Tourist Places

(1) Channels for Collecting Information on Tourist Places

Various news media, travel agencies, guidebooks, friends and relatives, experienced tourists, etc.

(2) Information that should be collected

Mainly includes the characteristics of tourism resources, the spatial and temporal accessibility of the tourist places, tourism service facilities and conditions (such as the mode of transportation and tools for tourism, tourism accommodation, the types and standards of tourism food and beverage, tour guide services, travel costs, etc.), and the approximate cost of the trip.

2. Determine tourist destinations and choose tourist routes

①Conform to one's own characteristics ②Choose the best path

③Rich and varied landscapes ④Pay attention to the combination of work and rest ⑤Pursuing the best results

7. Tourist Safety

1. Tourist insecurity

Traffic accidents, crime, disease (or poisoning), fire and explosion, Natural disasters, war, social unrest, terrorist activities, tourists risk other injuries, lost on the journey, other sudden accidents

2. Safety precautions to be taken in tourism activities

Strengthening the prevention and management

Self-prevention

VIII, clarifying the development of tourism on the role of the social, economic and cultural

1. p>1. Pulling economic development

(1) The development of international tourism can increase the country's foreign exchange earnings

(2) The development of domestic tourism is an important way to retrieve money and stabilize the market

(3) Driving the development of related industries and promoting the optimization of industrial structure

(4) Increasing economic income and narrowing the regional differences

2. Promote social and cultural prosperity

(1) Satisfy spiritual and cultural needs

(2) Promote cultural exchanges and development

(3) Promote the protection of traditional culture.

3. Tourism promotes social progress

(1) Expanding openness to the outside world and raising the level of civilization

(2) Increasing employment opportunities and promoting social stability

(3) Promoting community building and improving the living environment

(4) Promoting world peace and human progress

IX. Tourism and the environment

Tourism and the environment

(1) Protecting natural scenic spots and historical monuments

(2) Enhancing environmental quality (3) Improving infrastructure and services

2. Environmental Problems Caused by Tourism Activities

(1) Pollution of the Natural Environment (Atmosphere \Water \Solid Waste \Noise \Visual) (2) Destruction of Ecosystems

(3)Destruction of cultural relics and monuments (4)Disturbance of social order

3. Explain the environmental protection measures in the process of tourism development

(1)Improvement of environmental protection laws and regulations, strengthened environmental management (2)Strengthening of education for all to raise awareness of environmental protection

(3)Improvement of environmental assessment, the development of environmental protection planning (4)Strengthening of ecological construction, prevention and control of environmental pollution

(5) Relying on scientific and technological progress to enhance environmental protection effects