Installation preparation:

Before installation, you should be familiar with the drawings carefully, comprehensively compare the construction drawings of various disciplines, and check whether the coordinate elevations of various pipelines intersect and whether the space occupied by pipeline arrangement is reasonable. If there is any problem, discuss and solve it with the designer and relevant personnel in time, and handle the change negotiation record.

make preparations according to the construction method determined in the construction scheme.

1 water supply pipeline installation

prefabrication:

Draw the construction sketch of pipeline shunt, pipe diameter, reserved nozzle and valve position according to the design drawing, mark the actual installation structure position, measure the actual installation standard size in sections according to the mark, record it on the construction sketch, and then prefabricate according to the size measured in the sketch.

installation of riser

clear distance of water supply riser:

DN32 ~ 51DN65 ~ 125

clear distance of 25 ~ 31mm35 ~ 51mm55mm

exposed installation of riser: install fasteners uniformly from top to bottom on each floor, and arrange prefabricated risers in layers according to numbers, and install them in sequence. Rust-proof paint shall be applied to exposed thread and damaged galvanized layer. Temporary plugs are added at the outlet of branch pipes. The installation orientation of riser cut-off door should be convenient for operation and maintenance. After installation, use wire to hang straight and align, and cooperate with civil engineering to block the floor hole.

concealed installation of riser: it is advisable to set section steel at the wellhead of the riser in the shaft, and install the riser by hanging wires from top to bottom. The riser installed in the wall shall be provided with a pipe groove in the structural construction. After the riser is installed, it shall be hung straight and aligned, and fixed with a clip. The outlet of branch pipe should be exposed and temporarily plugged.

Bushing shall not be used for reducing the water supply riser, but reducing pipe hoop shall be used, and its installation position shall be 211mm away from the tee branch. Pier or hanger should be set at the joint between water supply pipe and horizontal main pipe to prevent riser from sinking and inaccurate installation size. The first floor water supply riser is provided with casing, and the high-rise residential water supply riser is also provided with casing through the floor.

when casing is installed on the first floor of a multi-storey house, a pipe clamp frame should be added, mainly considering the convenience of valve maintenance on the first floor. Other floors are not provided with floor bushing, and the water supply riser is not greater than DN25 and fixed with single pipe clamp. For risers greater than DN25, pipe clamp frame is not required.

when the water supply riser of high-rise residential building passes through the top floor, it is provided with casing, while other floors are not provided with casing, but are provided with floor clamps and plastered with cement piers. No greater than DN25, fixed with single pipe clamp. When a landing card rack is set, it should be inspected in time.

installation of branch pipes:

bare installation of branch pipes: install prefabricated branch pipes from the riser outlet in turn, add temporary fixing clips according to the length of pipes, check whether the heights and positions of hot and cold water reserved ports of different sanitary wares are correct, level and align them, then plant branch pipe clips, remove the temporary fixing clips and plug them. If the branch pipe is equipped with a water meter, install the connecting pipe first, remove the connecting pipe after pressure test and install the water meter before completion.

the clear distance between the branch pipe and the wall is 21 ~ 25mm, and the clear distance between the branch pipe and the wall should be appropriately increased for pipes with dew prevention requirements. When the cold and hot water branch pipes are installed horizontally, the hot water is on the floor, and the spacing is 111 ~ 151 mm. If there is any brick on the wall where the water supply branch pipes in the kitchen and bathroom are installed, the brick row position should be drawn by civil engineering first. Install the temporary fixture and fix it temporarily. When the civil works stick bricks to the corresponding positions, reserve a few bricks, and draw a cross line to ensure that the fixture is on the joint of ceramic tiles. When the branch pipe is installed horizontally, angle steel bracket L25×3 and galvanized U-shaped card are used to fix it.

concealed installation of branch pipes: after determining the height of branch pipes, draw lines for positioning, remove pipe grooves, apply prefabricated branch pipes in grooves, level and locate them, and then fix them with hooks. The reserved opening of sanitary ware should be in the light, and it should be plugged (it is best to smash one end of the 111mm long and short pipe and seal the other end with a set of buttons). Bushing shall not be used to reduce the diameter of concealed pipes, but large and small heads shall be used to reduce the diameter, and concealed pipes shall not have movable joints.

installation of water meter: the enclosure of indoor water meter is 1 ~ 3 cm away from the wall. If the straight pipe section before and after the water meter exceeds 31cm, it should be bent and laid along the wall.

installation of fire hydrant and branch pipe: the box body should meet the design requirements, and the branch pipe should be positioned with the coordinates and elevation of the plug valve, with the plug opening facing outwards and 1.1m from the ground. Fire hydrant box shall be stabilized after verification, and the plug valve shall be installed after the box body is aligned and stabilized. When the plug valve is installed in the box body, it should be on the side where the door is opened, and the door should be flexible to open. The box is firmly fixed on the light partition wall, and reinforcement measures should be taken.

The common quality problems are: the water meter is too close or too large to the inner surface of the wall; The length of straight pipe sections before and after the water meter does not meet the requirements. There is no lintel on the upper part of fire hydrant box Cave, which causes the deformation of the box body and the failure to open the door; The position of fire hydrant and the opening direction of door are wrong, and the direction of bolt opening is wrong, so that the bolt opening cannot be outward, which leads to the discount of fire hose and affects the water output; The paint skin of the installed box is seriously damaged. Water meters and fire hydrants should be protected in time after installation.

pipeline pressure test:

the water supply pipeline shall be subjected to a single water pressure test before being concealed. Comprehensive hydrostatic test shall be conducted after the installation of pipeline system is completed. During the water pressure test, the air shall be vented and filled with water, and the appearance of the pressure test pipeline shall be inspected to check whether there is any leakage on the pipe wall and interface, and if so, it shall be repaired; If not, start pressurizing, and stop pressurizing when the pressure rises to the test pressure (the test pressure is 1.5 times of the working pressure and not less than 1.6MPa and not more than l.1MPa, and single pressure test: read the pressure drop from the pressure gauge for 11 minutes, if it is more than 1.12MPa, repair it, if it is not more than 1.12MPa, check the appearance after it falls to the working pressure. No leakage is qualified. Comprehensive pressure test: read the lh pressure drop from the pressure gauge. If it is not greater than 1.15MPa and it is impermeable, the pressure test is qualified. Inform relevant personnel before pressure test, sign the acceptance after passing the test, and go through the process handover procedures. Then drain the water, and the damaged galvanized layer and exposed thread buckle are treated with anti-corrosion, and then the next hidden process is carried out.

pipeline flushing:

the pipeline can be flushed after the pressure test is completed. Flushing shall be carried out according to the maximum design flow rate of the system provided on the drawing (if there is no drawing, the flow rate shall be not less than 1.5m/s, and the flow rate can be measured with a stopwatch and a bucket, and the average value shall be measured for four times), and continuous flushing shall be carried out with tap water until the water color transparency of each outlet is consistent with the visual inspection of the incoming water. Go through the acceptance formalities after the washing is qualified. After the installation of the inlet pipe and horizontal main pipe, it can be washed, and each riser can be washed separately after the installation. The pipeline may be blocked if it is put into use without flushing or unqualified flushing.

Pipeline water supply:

Before the completion of the project, the water supply system water supply test shall be carried out according to Article 4.2.2 of Code for Acceptance of Construction Quality of Building Water Supply, Drainage and Heating Engineering (GB51242-2112), and the maximum number of water distribution points shall be opened at the same time according to the design requirements, and whether the rated flow can be reached shall be carried out in different sections of the system. During the test, the riser pipes shall be used separately. Each layer of water distribution branch pipe shall open 1/3 of the water distribution point, and the throttle valve shall be opened to the maximum. Observe whether the water flow is urgent, and it is advisable to feel strong by hand.

Common quality problems in water supply pipeline installation

The elevation of riser outlet is inaccurate. Reasons: The height of the riser exceeds the allowable deviation or the measurement is inaccurate; Reasons for the inconsistency or semi-brightness and semi-darkness between the riser and the wall: due to improper arrangement of the riser or excessive displacement deviation of the partition;

2. Installation of drainage pipeline

Prefabrication:

According to the drawing requirements and the actual situation, measure the size according to the position of the reserved opening, and draw a processing sketch. Measure the pipe size according to the sketch and break the pipe. The fracture surface should be flush, and the flying thorns inside and outside the fracture surface should be removed with a milling cutter or scraper, and the outer edge should be milled to an angle of 15. Before bonding, the socket should be inserted into the test, not all of them, generally 3/4 of the depth of the socket. After the trial insertion is qualified, wipe the moisture and dust of the socket to be bonded with cotton cloth. If there is oil stain, acetone should be used to remove it. Apply the adhesive with a brush, first apply the socket and then the socket, and then insert it vertically with force. When inserting and bonding, rotate the socket slightly, so that the adhesive can be evenly distributed, and it can be firmly bonded in about 31s to lmin. Wipe the adhesive on the overflow immediately after it is firm. Attention should be paid to the direction of reserved ports when multi-port bonding. The adhesive is volatile and should be sealed at any time after use. The bonding place should be well ventilated and away from open flames.

installation of main pipe:

when installing with lifting pipe, the support and hanger should be made according to the design coordinates, elevation and slope direction. When the construction conditions are met, the prefabricated pipe sections will be transported to the installation site according to the number for installation. The bonding of each pipe section must also be carried out in turn according to the bonding process. After all adhesion, the pipeline should be straight, the slope should be uniform, and the positions of the reserved ports should be accurate. After the installation of the 5min pipe is completed, a water closing test should be made, and the outlet should be closed with inflatable rubber plug to ensure no leakage. If the water level does not drop within 5 minutes, it will be qualified. After the hanging pipe is cemented, find the slope according to the direction of running water. Finally, the reserved opening is sealed and the hole is blocked.

for buried pipelines, according to the coordinates and elevation required by the drawings, reserved slots or embedded sleeves, and then excavated trenches and compacted. When backfilling, fine sand should be used to backfill to the tube epithelium of 111mm, and the backfill soil should be sieved, and the pipeline should not be damaged during compaction.

pipeline installation shall prevent the slope from being reversed and improper.

Two 45 elbows or 91 elbows with a bending radius of not less than 4 times the pipe diameter should be adopted for the connection between the discharge pipe and the riser, otherwise the pipe will be easily blocked. In order to prevent leakage, the joint of plastic pipe and cast iron pipe is roughened horizontally with sandpaper.

riser installation:

clean up the site before installation and support the operation platform as required. Transport the prefabricated riser to the installation site. When installing the riser, install the expansion joint according to the design requirements. If there is no regulation, place the expansion joint below the tee (if the tee is above the floor, it will be above the tee), and fix the riser through the floor. Before installation, first clean up the expansion joint reserved last time, unscrew the lock nut, take out the U-shaped apron and clean up the sundries. Check whether the roof hole is suitable. The insertion end of the riser should be marked with the insertion length first, then coated with soap solution, and fitted with a lock nut and a U-shaped rubber ring. When installing, first insert the upper end of the riser into the upper hole, and insert it vertically until the cup is recorded (generally, the reserved expansion and contraction amount is 21 ~ 31 mm). When it is suitable, the self-made U-shaped steel is fastened to the upper edge of the expansion joint. Then find the alignment, and measure whether the distance between the roof and the tee mouth meets the requirements. After it is correct, the hole can be blocked, and the upper reserved expansion joint can be sealed.

the drainage standpipe of high-rise building should be concealed in the pipe hole, and several anti-blocking iron grates should be set along the standpipe, such as the L-floor, the 6th floor and the 12nd floor, etc., to prevent sundries from blocking.

on the floor where it is necessary to install fire-proof sleeve or fire-proof ring, the fire-proof sleeve or fire-proof ring should be sleeved outside the pipe section first, and then the pipe interface should be connected.

The pipeline should not be located near the heat source. When the surface temperature of the pipeline cannot be avoided to be higher than 61℃, heat insulation measures should be taken, and the clear distance between the riser and the edge of the household cooker should not be less than 1.4m. When the riser is provided with expansion joints, the following provisions shall be met: when the height is less than or equal to 4m, each floor of the drainage riser and the ventilation riser shall be provided with an expansion joint; When the storey height is more than 4m, the number shall be calculated and determined according to the designed expansion amount of the pipeline and the allowable expansion amount of the expansion joint.

the riser should be provided with an inspection port every second floor, and the top floor and floor should be provided with an inspection port when turning, and the installation height should be lm from the ground.

the riser inspection port shall be set according to the design requirements. When there is no requirement in the design, the first floor and the top floor must be provided generally, and other floors should be provided with interlayer. The installation height is lm from the ground.

installation of indoor rainwater pipes

The pipe materials of internal drainage rainwater pipes must consider the pressure bearing capacity and be selected according to the design requirements.

The laying slope of suspended rainwater pipes shall not be less than 1.115. See Table 6-6 for the minimum slope of buried rainwater pipes.

if the length of the suspended rainwater pipeline exceeds 15m, inspection ports shall be installed, and the distance between them shall be specified as follows: when the pipe diameter is less than or equal to 151mm, the distance between inspection ports shall be no more than 15m. When the pipe diameter is 211mm, the spacing between inspection ports shall be no more than 21 m..

after the rainwater pipeline is installed, the irrigation test should be done, and the height must reach the rainwater funnel at the top of each riser.

the connecting pipe of the rainwater funnel pipe should be fixed on the load-bearing structure of the roof, and the joint between the edge of the rainwater funnel and the roof should be tight.

branch pipe installation:

the expansion joint on the horizontal branch pipe is installed at the upstream end of the tee junction.

firstly, remove elevator holes or recheck whether the embedded parts are suitable. Clean up the site and set up the operation platform as needed. Transport the prefabricated branch pipes to the site according to the number. Remove dirt and moisture from all bonding parts. Lift the branch pipe horizontally, apply adhesive and push it into the reserved nozzle. Adjust the slope according to the length of the pipe section. After appropriate, fix the clamp frame and close all reserved nozzles and holes.

installation of appliance connecting pipes: check the practices and thickness of building floors and walls. Find out the coordinates and elevation of the reserved opening. Then trim the reserved hole and the sun mouth according to the exact size. The measured dimensions of different parts shall be recorded, prefabricated and numbered. When installing and bonding, the reserved pipe mouth must be cleaned before bonding. After cementing, align and straighten, close the nozzle and plug the hole.

the diameter of the horizontal drainage branch pipe is greater than or equal to l11mm, and measures should be taken to prevent the fire from penetrating at the place where it is connected to the pipe well. Expansion joints shall be set when the straight pipe section is more than 2m, but the maximum clear distance shall not be more than 4m.

Irrigation test:

Buried pipes, vertical pipes in pipe wells, horizontal branch pipes in ceiling and pipes with dew prevention requirements need to be irrigated before being concealed.

the irrigation height should not be lower than the upper edge of the underlying sanitary ware or the ground height. After 1.5min of irrigation, it should be observed for 5min. If the liquid level does not drop and there is no leakage in the pipes and interfaces, it is qualified.

In the water filling test of the toilet branch pipe, if each floor needs to be closed, there are two ways to place the air bag: one is to do it while installing, complete the installation of a horizontal drainage branch pipe, and put the air bag down from the tee joint; One is the final unified operation. If there is an inspection port on this floor, install the airbag above the inspection port; If there is no inspection port on this floor, connect the airbag to a 5m-long trachea (oxygen belt can be used), and slowly lower the airbag from the inspection port on the upper floor until it is estimated that the airbag is below the tee.

notify relevant personnel before pressure test, sign the acceptance after passing the test, and go through the process handover procedures. Then drain the water, and then proceed to the next hidden process.

Water-filled drainage test:

Before the sanitary ware is handed over, 111% water-filled drainage test should be done. Fill the sanitary ware with water to reach the overflow port, check whether the overflow port is unblocked, pull out the plug, and check whether the drainage point is unblocked, and whether there is any blockage and leakage in the pipeline and each connector. Fill in the "Filling (Full) Water Test Record" after it is qualified, and report it to the project supervision department for acceptance.

Pass-through test:

Generally, it is carried out by parts and systems according to specifications and design requirements. 111% ball-passing test shall be carried out for the horizontal main drainage pipe and main riser, and records shall be made. The ball passing test shall be carried out after all the indoor drainage and sanitary appliances are installed and the water passing inspection is qualified. The diameter of the pipe test ball shall not be less than 2/3 of the diameter of the drainage pipe, and it shall be carried out with a light and easy-to-break hollow ball, and the ball passing rate must reach 111%.

main test method:

the drainage riser should throw the test ball from the top of the riser, check the outlet of the outlet pipe at the bottom of the riser, and flush the test ball out of the outlet with water.

the horizontal main pipe and the outlet pipe should put the test ball at the beginning of the inspection pipe section, and the water will rush to the end of the outlet pipe for discharge. Outdoor inspection wells (combined wells) need to be equipped with temporary nets to intercept and take out the test balls.

the pass test is qualified if the test ball is unobstructed. If the test ball fails, it is necessary to clear the blockage of the pipeline in time and retest until it is qualified.

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