(1989 1 February 2 1, Ministry of Commerce (89)No. 153) This specification is applicable to all kinds of cold storage for cold processing and storage of meat, eggs and aquatic products.

I. General principles

1.65438+

1.2. The cold storage is complex in structure and highly technical. The use, maintenance and management of cold storage must be carried out in strict accordance with science, and the relevant standards and regulations promulgated by the state should be seriously implemented to achieve safety, hygiene and low consumption.

1.3. leaders and departments in charge of cold storage at all levels should pay special attention to daily maintenance and repair while grasping the use, and effectively use and manage the cold storage.

1.4. All workers in the cold storage should study business, master science and technology, love their jobs and take good care of state property. It is necessary to strengthen scientific research, give full play to the role of scientific and technological personnel, adopt advanced technology, and strive to catch up with and surpass the advanced world level.

Second, personnel.

2. 1. Enterprises must be equipped with managers and technicians at all levels who have received special education and training and have professional knowledge, production experience and organizational ability in refrigeration, processing, refrigeration, electrical appliances and health inspection, and a certain number of technicians, assistant engineers, engineers and senior engineers are responsible for the production, technology, management and scientific research of cold storage.

2.2. The operators of the cold storage compressor room must have a junior high school education or above, and can only work at their posts after receiving professional training and obtaining the certificate of qualification.

2.3. Business leaders in charge of cold storage production and management should have professional knowledge and practical experience in cold storage management. Professional and technical personnel and operators should be regularly organized for technical study and experience exchange, and they should take full responsibility for the implementation of this specification.

Third, the use of warehouse management

3. 1. The use of cold storage should give full play to the freezing and refrigerating capacity according to the design requirements, ensure safe production and product quality, and maintain the building structure of cold storage. Warehouse management should set up a special team, and the responsibility should be implemented to people. Every warehouse door and every piece of equipment and tools should be taken care of by someone.

3.2. The cold storage is made of heat insulation material, which has the characteristics of being afraid of water, humidity, hot air and running cold. It is necessary to properly check the ice, frost, water, doors and lights.

3.2. 1. The walls, floors, doors and roofs of halls and warehouses shall be free of ice, frost and water, and shall be removed in time.

3.2.2. In order to improve the refrigeration efficiency, the exhaust pipe and air cooler in the warehouse should be cleaned and cleaned in time. When defrosting, it must be operated according to the regulations, and the freezer should be cleared at least once and defrosted once. There should be no water accumulation in the water tray and warehouse of the air cooler.

3.2.3. Water-based operation is strictly prohibited in the cold storage.

3.2.4. Unfreezed goods are not allowed to enter the freezer directly, so as to ensure the quality of goods and prevent the freezer from being damaged.

3.2.5. Strictly manage the cold storage door. Close the door at any time when the goods enter or leave the warehouse. If the warehouse door is damaged, it should be repaired in time, so that it can be opened flexibly and closed tightly to prevent cold running. All doors in contact with the outside air should be equipped with air curtains to reduce the convection of cold and hot air.

3.3. Prevent the freeze-thaw cycle, frost brittleness and frost heaving of building structures.

3.3. 1. All kinds of cold storage must be used according to the design requirements, and cold storage and freezer should not be confused. If the freezing room originally designed with cooling technology is changed to one-time freezing, it should be equipped with sufficient refrigeration equipment. If it is really necessary to change the use of cooling room, freezing room and original dual-purpose room, it shall be designed by the design department and submitted for approval according to the procedures.

3.3.2. When the warehouse is vacant, the freezing room and freezer should be kept below -5℃ to prevent freeze-thaw cycle. The cooling room should be kept below zero to avoid dripping and getting wet.

3.4. Protect the floor (floor) from freezing and damage.

3.4. 1. Goods shall not be directly laid on the floor or frozen on the mat; Do not dismantle the meat crib by inverted crib; Uncoupling and stripping are not allowed to fall on the floor, so as not to break the floor and damage the insulation layer.

3.4.2. The weight of commodity stacking and rail hanging shall not exceed the design load.

3.4.3. The temperature of cold storage without ground anti-freezing measures shall not be lower than 0℃ to avoid freezing.

3.4.4. The underground natural ventilation pipeline of cold storage should be kept unblocked, free from water accumulation, frost and blockage, and the northern area should be blocked in winter and opened in spring. When using mechanical ventilation or downhole tubing heating equipment, designate a special person to be responsible for regular inspection, and turn on the ventilator, heater and other devices in time as required.

3.5. Cold storage must make rational use of storage capacity, constantly summarize and improve the stacking methods of goods, arrange storage space and stacking height safely and reasonably, and improve the utilization rate of cold storage. Stacking should be firm and tidy, which is convenient for counting, checking and entering and leaving the warehouse.

3.6. Warehouse cargo stacking requirements:

0.2m from the ceiling of the freezer.

0.3m from the ceiling of the cooling room.

0.3m below the top exhaust pipe.

0.2m from the side of the top exhaust pipe.

No exhaust pipe 0.2m away from the wall.

0.4m away from the outside of the wall exhaust pipe.

Air cooler periphery1.5m.

0.2m from the bottom of the air duct.

3.7. The warehouse should have reasonable walkways to facilitate the operation, vehicle traffic and equipment maintenance in the warehouse and ensure safety.

3.8. When goods enter and leave the warehouse and work in the warehouse, vehicles and goods should be prevented from colliding with the warehouse doors, elevator doors, columns, walls, refrigeration system pipes and other process equipment, and protective devices should be installed where collisions are easy to occur.

3.9. The electrical circuits in the warehouse should be maintained frequently to prevent leakage, and the lights should be turned off after leaving the warehouse.

3. 10/0. In order to prevent illegal use, it is not appropriate to adopt the system of storing frozen storage.

Fourth, commodity storage and hygiene.

4. 1. Cold storage should strengthen commodity storage and hygiene, attach importance to commodity preservation, strictly enforce the food hygiene law, ensure commodity quality and reduce dry consumption losses. Health inspection should be strengthened in cold storage. The warehouse should be free of dust, mold, odor, rat damage, frost, etc. , and should have full-time health inspectors to check the goods in and out of the warehouse. Meat and meat products must have health inspection seals or other inspection certificates when entering the cold storage. It is strictly forbidden to put livestock and poultry meat and meat products into storage without quarantine.

4.2. In order to ensure the quality of the goods, the requirements of cold working technology must be observed when freezing and refrigerating the goods. The deep temperature of the goods must be reduced to 3℃ below the temperature of the cold room before they can be transferred to the warehouse. If the temperature of the frozen items in the cold storage is-18℃, the deep temperature of the frozen items must be below-15℃. The temperature of long-distance transportation of frozen goods shall not be higher than-15℃ during shipment.

When the temperature of frozen products transferred from other places is higher than -8℃, they must be refreezed to the required temperature before being transferred to the frozen product refrigerating room.

4.3. Strictly control the temperature and humidity of the warehouse according to the characteristics of the goods. Under normal circumstances, the temperature rise and fall range of frozen goods cold storage for one day and night shall not exceed 65438 0℃, and that of cooled goods cold storage shall not exceed 0.5℃. In the process of goods entering and leaving the warehouse, the temperature rise of the cold storage of frozen goods shall not exceed 4℃, and the temperature rise of the cold storage of cooled goods shall not exceed 3℃.

4.4. For the goods in stock, the shelf life should be strictly controlled, quality inspection should be conducted regularly, and the first-in first-out system should be implemented. If the goods are found to be deteriorated, rancid and yellow in fat, they should be dealt with quickly. The shelf life of the goods is as follows:

Temperature shelf life of commodity warehouse

Frozen pork with skin-18℃ 12 months

Skinless-18℃10 month

Frozen meat-18℃ 12 months

Frozen beef and mutton-18℃ 1 1 month

Frozen poultry and rabbits-65438 08℃ for 8 months.

By-products of frozen livestock and poultry-18℃ 10 month

Frozen fish-18℃ for 9 months.

Fresh eggs-1.5 ~-2.5℃ for 6 ~ 8 months.

(Relative humidity 80% ~ 85%)

Frozen eggs (canned)-18℃ 15 months

(Relative humidity 80% ~ 85%)

Expired goods can only be inspected before they can be delivered out of the warehouse.

4.5. Fresh eggs must be weeded before storage, and defective eggs, such as damaged eggs, damaged eggs, dirty eggs, etc. , must be taken out, after passing the light inspection can be put into storage, to ensure product quality.

4.6. The following commodities shall not be put into storage without selection, sorting or packaging:

4.6. 1. The goods are of different quality and confused for many times.

4.6.2. Commodity pollution and dirt.

4.6.3. Meat products and scattered commodities that cannot be stacked shall be packaged or frozen before storage.

4.7. The following commodities are strictly forbidden to be put into storage:

4.7. 1. Deteriorating, rotten, smelly and unqualified goods.

4.7.2. Livestock and poultry meat products with infectious diseases.

4.7.3. Fresh eggs soaked in rain or water.

4.7.4. Goods pickled with salt or soaked in salt water and not tightly packed, and goods with juice and water flowing.

4.7.5. Flammable, explosive, toxic and chemically corrosive articles.

4.8. Commodities supplied to ethnic minorities and commodities with strong volatile smell shall be stored in special warehouses and shall not be mixed.

4.9. We should carefully record the time, variety, quantity, grade, quality, packaging and production date of the goods in and out of the warehouse. According to the stack list, check the accounts regularly, and clean up a batch to ensure that the accounts, goods and cards are consistent.

4. 10. The cold storage must do the following sanitary work:

4. 10. 1. Cold storage staff should pay attention to personal hygiene, have regular physical examinations, and change jobs in time when infectious diseases are found.

4. 10.2. Around the warehouse, corridors inside and outside the warehouse, car and train platforms, elevators and other places must be cleaned frequently by full-time personnel to maintain hygiene.

4. 10.3. The rusty metal tools, wooden tools and transportation tools, skids, frozen plates and other equipment used in the warehouse should be washed frequently and disinfected regularly to prevent mildew and rust.

4. 10.4. After the goods in the warehouse are cleaned, they should be thoroughly cleaned, disinfected, rat holes blocked and mold eliminated.

Verb (abbreviation of verb) equipment management

5. 1. The refrigeration equipment and refrigerants in the cold storage are characterized by high pressure, explosion and toxicity. Cold storage staff should establish a high sense of responsibility, conscientiously implement the policy of putting prevention first, and conduct regular safety inspections. Before production in the peak season every year, we should conduct a key safety inspection, check the system, check the technical status of various equipment, and check the configuration of labor protection articles and safety facilities.

5.2. It is necessary to strengthen the management of cold storage refrigeration equipment and other equipment, improve the equipment intact rate, and ensure safe production. The cold storage machine room should establish various standards such as post responsibility system, succession system, safety production system, equipment maintenance system and team quota management system. According to the characteristics of the equipment and actual operation experience, the feasible technical regulations of our factory are formulated, reported to the competent department for reference, and strictly implemented.

5.3. The instruments, meters, weighing instruments and measuring tools used in the cold storage must be appraised by the legal measuring department, and at the same time, they should be reviewed regularly according to the regulations to ensure the accuracy of measuring instruments.

5.4. Operators should achieve "Four Essentials", "Four Diligences" and "Four Timely":

5.4. 1. The "four essentials" are: ensuring safe operation; Ensure the temperature of the warehouse; Try to reduce the condensation pressure (gauge pressure shall not exceed 65438 0.5 MPa); We should give full play to the refrigeration efficiency of refrigeration equipment and strive to reduce the consumption of water, electricity, oil and refrigerant.

5.4.2. "Four Diligences" means: watch the instrument frequently; Check the temperature of the machine frequently; Listen to the noise when the machine is running; Keep abreast of the import and export situation.

5.4.3. "Four timeliness" means: timely oil discharge; Thaw in time; Release air in time; Remove condenser scale in time.

5.5. Operators should strictly abide by the system of succession, strengthen their sense of responsibility and cooperate with each other.

5.5. 1. During the shift change, it is necessary to:

5.5. 1. 1. Production tasks on duty, machine operation, liquid supply and warehouse temperature are clear.

5.5. 1.2. Identify the faults, hidden dangers and precautions in the operation of mechanical equipment.

5.5. 1.3. Workshop records are complete and accurate.

5.5. 1.4. Complete production tools and supplies.

5.5. 1.5. Machines, equipment and workplaces should be clean and free of impurities.

5.5.2. If problems are found during handover and can be handled on duty, the successor shall be responsible for handling them with the cooperation of the successor before leaving.

5.6. The use and management of ammonia cylinders must strictly abide by the relevant matters in the Regulations on Safety Supervision of Gas Cylinders, paying special attention to:

5.6. 1. Ammonia bottles that have passed the inspection period shall not be used.

5.6.2. The filling quantity shall not exceed the specified value.

5.6.3. Don't put it near the heat source.

5.6.4. No strong vibration.

5.6.5. Don't expose yourself to the sun.

5.6.6. Ammonia bottles must be marked on time.

5.7. Large and medium-sized cold storage must be equipped with remote sensing device for storage temperature to ensure the stability of cold storage temperature and the normal operation of equipment and reduce energy consumption.

Six, cold storage maintenance

6. 1. The cold storage should draw the major repair fund according to the relevant regulations, so that it can be used for special purposes.

6.2. The cold storage must seriously implement the relevant maintenance system. Cold storage maintenance work should be included in the leadership's agenda, with a special person in charge. It is necessary to combine the regular inspection of cold storage with daily maintenance, give priority to daily maintenance, and earnestly safeguard the building structure and machinery and equipment so that they are always in good working condition.

6.3. In order to master the technical performance of building structures and mechanical equipment and facilitate management and maintenance, perfect technical files should be established according to standards.

6.4. Regularly check the roof and other building structures of the cold storage.

6.4. 1. The roof leaks, the linoleum layer expands and cracks, the protective layer is damaged, the roof drainage is not smooth, the downpipe is damaged or blocked, the drainage pipes inside and outside the warehouse leak, the wall or ground is cracked and damaged, the powder surface falls off, and the refrigerator door is damaged. , should be repaired in time.

6.4.2. When the floor is frozen and cracks are found in the walls and columns, the reasons should be found out and measures should be taken to prevent them from continuing to develop.

6.4.3. If the loose insulation layer sinks, it should be filled with the same material and compacted. If found damp, it should be dried or replaced in time.

6.4.4. The flat roof of the cold storage and the canopy roof of the platform shall not be used for other purposes, and the snow and long grass shall be removed in time.

6.5. The maintenance of cold storage must ensure the quality. Actively adopt new processes and technologies, and strive to meet or exceed the original design requirements after maintenance. We should conscientiously do a good job in maintenance quality inspection and organize acceptance after completion.

6.6. Cold storage machinery and equipment failure, building structure damage, should immediately check, analyze the reasons, formulate solutions and measures, conscientiously sum up experience and lessons. Those who cause accidents due to dereliction of duty and illegal command shall be investigated for responsibility and dealt with according to regulations.

6.7. Major accidents in cold storage should be reported to the competent department step by step immediately. General accidents should also be registered and reported to the factory-level labor safety department for the record. Each cold storage should report all kinds of accidents to the competent department in writing every year, and report them to the Ministry of Commerce after provincial summary.

Seven. supplementary terms

7. 1. This specification was revised according to the Measures for the Administration of Cold Storage in Commercial Departments issued by the Ministry of Commerce 1978, and was implemented from 1990 to 1. The Measures for the Administration of Cold Storage in Commercial Departments were abolished at the same time.

7.2. The right to modify and interpret this specification belongs to the Ministry of Commerce of People's Republic of China (PRC).

Note: 1. A major accident in the cold storage means that all kinds of machinery and equipment are seriously damaged, so that they can be used only after being scrapped or overhauled; Serious personal injury or death caused by explosion, ammonia escape and other accidents; The deterioration loss of commodities reaches more than100000 yuan; The cold storage building collapsed and the ground floor was seriously frozen, which caused damage to the main structure and needed to stop production and repair.

2. The general accident of cold storage refers to the damage caused by abnormal wear and tear of all kinds of machinery and equipment, which can still be restored to use after general repair; Local cracking, rupture, ammonia leakage, deterioration of general commodities, damage to building structures, etc. of equipment, containers and pipelines.