Nouns are names that represent people, things, places or abstract concepts.

For example:

Desk desk time time life books room honest worker pencil pencil computer

Usage:

A word that acts as the subject or object of a verb in a sentence, or a word that represents a name in an independent structure, or a word that acts as a predicate after a verb is connected.

classify

Nouns are divided into proper nouns and common nouns.

Proper noun: a proper name indicating a specific person, thing, place or institution.

China, China, Asia and beijing beijing.

Common noun: a name indicating someone, something, substance or abstract concept. For example:

Tea reform for teachers

Common nouns can be further divided into four categories.

1) individual noun: it means a single person and thing.

Horse car car room room Apple Fan Fan picture photo.

2) collective noun: the name of a group of people or things.

People's family, army, government and government group

3) Material nouns: substances that indicate substances or individuals with uncertain shapes and sizes.

Huohuogang air water water milk

4) Abstract nouns: denoting action, state, quality or other abstract concepts.

Work, health, healthy life, friendship, friendship, patience and endurance.

Nouns can be divided into countable nouns and uncountable nouns.

_______________________________________

||||| Proper nouns ||

||||||| Individual nouns |

||||||||| Countable nouns |

|||||||| collective noun

|||||||| Common nouns

|||||||| Material Noun |

||||||| Uncountable nouns |

||||||||| Abstract nouns ||

Countable nouns are singular and plural, indicating one or more.

One book, one book, two books, two books.

Uncountable nouns: undifferentiated, plural; Abstract nouns, material nouns and proper nouns are generally uncountable nouns.

Shatang

A few nouns are countable or uncountable, but their meanings are different.

Glass glass cellophane newspaper file

Function of nouns

Nouns are used as subject, object, prepositional object, object complement, predicative and noun phrases as adverbials in sentences.

The schoolbag is in the desk. Bag is the theme.

The schoolbag is in the desk.

I washed clothes yesterday. Take clothes as the object.

I washed clothes yesterday.

This is a good book. A book as a predicative.

This is a good book.

We elected him as our monitor. Monitor as object complement.

We elected him as our monitor.

Mary lives with her parents. Parents as prepositional objects.

Mary lives with her parents.

He is a party member. gathering

He is a party member.

They study hard day and night. Day and night as adverbials.

They study day and night.

Number of nouns

English countable nouns have both singular and plural forms, meaning that one person or thing is singular and more than one person or thing is plural.

One book, two books, two books, one schoolbag, three schoolbags, three schoolbags.

The singular form of nouns is the form that appears in the dictionary, and there is no change, for example, a pen, a bed, a room and an English book.

Plural form of nouns. The plural form of most nouns is formed by adding -s or -es after the singular form. The plural forms of nouns change as follows.

1) In general, add -s at the end of the word. For example:

Schoolbag, map, pen, desk, worker

2) Nouns end with [s], [z], [], [t] and [d], and then add -es. If there is an e at the end, add-s. ..

Clothes, boxes, buses, horses, watches, plates

3) If the noun ends with -f or -fe, change -f or -fe to -ves.

Bookshelf, wife, knife

4) If the noun ends with the consonant +y, change y to I and add es.

Cities, babies, factories.

5) When nouns end with consonant +o, add -es to become plural.

Heroes, potatoes, tomatoes

Although a few nouns end in -o or -f, only -s is added when they become plural, such as radiopianos photos roofs.

The plural forms of some nouns in English are irregular, so we should remember the common ones one by one.

Man-man woman-woman foot-foot-tooth-tooth-mouse-beautiful cow-cow-sheep-sheep-dear-dear fish-fish.

Irregular changes of noun plural

1) children-children's feet-feet-teeth-teeth

Mouse, mouse, man, man, woman, woman

Note: The plural forms of compound words with man and woman are also -men and -women.

For example, one Englishman and two Englishmen. But German is not a compound word, so the plural form is German; Bowman is a surname, and its plural is the Bowman family.

2) Simple isomorphism and complex isomorphism, such as:

Deer, sheep, fish, China, Japanese.

Li, Jin, Yuan, Er Li, San Mu, Si Jin

However, in addition to RMB yuan, cents and cents, USD, GBP and FRF all have plural forms. For example:

One dollar, two dollars; One meter, two meters

3) collective noun appears in singular form, but it is actually plural.

For example, the people's police cow itself is plural, so we can't say a people, a policeman and a cow, but we can say.

A person, a policeman, a cow, an Englishman, an Englishman, a Frenchman, a China, a Japanese, a Swiss and other nouns are all used in the plural when they are used to indicate the name of a country.

China people are hardworking and brave. The people of China are hardworking and brave.

4) nouns ending in s are still singular, such as:

A. The nouns in mathematics, politics, physics and other disciplines are uncountable nouns and singular.

B. News is an uncountable noun.

C. The United States and the United Nations should be considered unique.

Organized by the United Nations on 1945. The United Nations was founded in 1945.

D titles of books, plays, newspapers and magazines in plural form can also be regarded as singular.

Arabian Nights is a very interesting story book.

& lt& lt Arabian Nights >> This is a very interesting story book.

5) refers to things that consist of two parts, such as glasses, glasses and clothes.

If you represent a specific number, you should use a pair (double); Suit (set); A pair of glasses; two pairs of trousers

6) There are some nouns whose plural forms can sometimes express special meanings, such as goods, water and fish.

Plural number of attributive nouns

Nouns are usually used as attributes in the singular form, but there are the following exceptions.

1) uses the plural as an attribute.

Such as: sports games

Student reading room

conference table

Department of foreign languages

2) Be a man, a woman, a gentleman, etc. When used as attributes, their singular and plural numbers depend on the singular and plural numbers of the nouns they modify.

For example: male workers and female teachers

Officials and gentlemen

3) Some nouns ending in S are used as attributes, and S is reserved.

Such as freight trains (trucks)

Weapons production

Customs documents

Clothes brush

4) When numerals+nouns are used as attributes, nouns generally remain in singular form.

For example, two dozen eggs two dozen/(twenty-four eggs)

Walk ten miles.

Two hundred trees, two hundred trees.

Five-year plan. Five-year plan.

Individuals can be represented in plural, for example, a seven-year-old child.

Some nouns in English always appear in the plural.

Scissors scissors merchandise pants pants clothes glasses glasses

Representation of uncountable nouns

1) material nouns

A. when material nouns are transformed into individual nouns.

Cake is a kind of food. Cake is a kind of food. (uncountable)

These cakes are sweet. These cakes are delicious. (countable)

B. When material nouns indicate the types of materials, nouns can be counted.

This factory produces steel. (uncountable)

We need all kinds of steel. (countable)

C. when the material noun indicates the number of copies, it can be counted.

Our country is famous for its tea.

Our country is famous for tea.

Two teas, please.

Two teas, please.

2) Abstract nouns are sometimes countable.

Four freedoms, four freedoms.

Four modernizations, four modernizations

Material nouns and abstract nouns can use a certain number of unit words.

For example:

A glass of water, a glass of water

A piece of advice, a piece of advice.

Singular and plural numbers of people from different countries

Common appellations (plural predicates) are one person and two people.

China, China and China.

Swiss, one Swiss, two Swiss.

An Er in Australia

Australia, Australia and Australians

Russian, one Russian, two Russians

Italian, one Italian, two Italians.

Greek, one Greek, two Greeks.

French one, French two.

French

Japanese, one Japanese, two Japanese

Americans, one American, two Americans.

Indians, one Indian, two Indians

Canadian, one Canadian, two Canadians.

Germans, one German, two Germans.

One Englishman, two Englishmen.

British people

One Swede and two Swedes.

Case of noun

In English, there are three cases of nouns: nominative case, objective case and possessive case. Their forms and changes show the relationship with other words. In fact, the nominative and accusative cases are determined by their functions and positions in sentences.

The bird is in the tree. The bird is in the tree. Bird is the subject and nominative.

I saw a movie yesterday. I saw a movie yesterday. Movies are objects, which is an objective situation.

The possessive case of nouns:

The form of expressing all relations in nouns is called noun possessive case.

Lu Xun's book is worth reading.

Lu Xun's book is worth reading.

This is my father's room.

This is my father's room.

The possessive case of plural nouns ending in -s or -es only adds "'"after the noun.

There are many students' exercise books here.

There are many students' exercise books here.

The possessive case "'s" of compound nouns is added after the following nouns.

This is my son-in-law's bike.

This is my son-in-law's bike.

If something is owned by two people, just add "'s" after the last noun.

We visited the rooms of Xiao Li and Xiao Zhang.

We visited the rooms of Xiao Li and Xiao Zhang.

Words modified by the possessive case of nouns can sometimes be omitted. As mentioned before, it still refers to the location.

This book is not mine, but Li Hua's.

This book is not mine, but Li Hua's.

I had my hair cut at the barber's.

I had my hair cut at the barber's.

2) The possessive case of nouns indicating inanimate things generally forms a phrase with of, indicating that the former belongs to the latter.

This is a map of China.

This is a Chinese painting.

I forgot the title of the movie.

I forgot the name of the movie.

Beijing is the capital of China.

Beijing is the capital of China.

The nature of nouns

English nouns can be divided into four genders: masculine, feminine, universal and neutral. Generally speaking, most nouns have no part-of-speech form of sex. Most English nouns are neutral. For some representative English nouns, different English nouns are used instead of morphological changes of a word. take for example

Masculine: The noun for a man or a male animal is,

Father, man and boy

Female: the noun indicating female or female animal is,

Mother, woman and girl

Generality: indicates the name of a category, with no emphasis on gender.

Children, babies, friends, animals and fish

Neutral: the name and abstract name of inanimate matter,

Desk pen chair room

The classification of English names is complicated, and its singular and plural problems and countable or uncountable problems directly affect the use of predicate verbs, articles and pronouns. Please pay attention to the following questions.

When the name is the subject, the predicate verb must be consistent with the person and number of its subject.

These books are mine, not yours.

These books are mine, not yours.

Miss Li teaches us English.

Miss Li teaches us English.

Matters needing attention

When the collective name is the subject, the predicate verb can be singular or plural. Using singular means treating the collective name as a whole, and using plural means treating the collective name as a part or member of the whole.

His family is very big.

He has a big family.

His family are all teachers.

His family are all teachers.

Verbs are plural.

We in China are brave and hardworking.

We in China are hardworking and brave.

When the following nouns, such as news, mathematics, physics and politics, are used as subjects, the predicate verb is singular.

The good news is that we passed the exam.

The good news is that we passed the exam.

When the following nouns are the subject, the predicate verb is plural.

Do you know where my pants are?

Do you know where my pants are?

The noun connected with and is the subject, and the predicate verb is plural.

She and her sister are in the same school.

She and her sister are in the same school.

In a sentence pattern, the predicate verb is consistent with the adjacent subject.

There are two apples and an egg in it.

Here are two apples and an egg.

When used with a noun, the predicate verb is consistent with the first noun.

He and I are both responsible for this.

Not only I but also he is responsible for this matter.

Also ... or, there ... not only ... but also when connecting nouns, the predicate verb is consistent with the adjacent subject.

Either you or he must hand in the report.

Either you or he must hand in the report.

Noun formula:

People and things are well-known, and Qian Qian's thousands of names can be distinguished. It means that the name is a noun, but the concrete abstraction is different.

Time, space and place, direction and position all have proper nouns. Both subject and object can be used as predicates, and nouns have multiple functions.

/view/72 1776.htm personal pronouns

/view/72 178 1.htm possessive case of pronouns