Wuling County Wuling County

The name "Wuling" first appeared in the early years of the Western Han Dynasty. The Book of Han - Geography records: "Wuling County, Gao Di set, Mang said Jianping. Belongs to Jingzhou. (Leader) County thirteen: Suo (now Wuling District, Changde City, Dingcheng District, Hanshou County, the former city of Changde City, sixty miles northeast of the city), Weiling (today's Public Security County, Hubei Province and Hunan Province, Nanxian, Huarong, Yueyang, Anxiang, Li County, etc.), Linyuan (today's Wuling District, Changde City, Dingcheng District, and most of the Taoyuan County, Yuanling (today's Yuanling, Huxi, Jishou, Mayang, and other counties), the tsuba into the (today's Hongjiang City, and Qianyang, Jingxian, Suining, Huitong, Channel, Huaihua), the city of Wu Ling County (today's Hongjiang City, and Qianyang, Jing County, Sui Ning, Huitong, Channel, Huaihua, and other counties, the county name is the first to appear in the early Western Han Dynasty, and the name is "Wuling County. (present-day Hongjiang City and the counties of Qianyang, Jingxian, Suining, Huitong, Channel, Huaihua, etc., wrongly into the territory of present-day Guizhou Province), Wuyang (present-day Zhijiang, Xinhuang, Huaihua, etc., wrongly into the territory of present-day Guizhou Province), Qianling (present-day Baojing County, wrongly into the territory of present-day Sichuan Province), Chenyang (present-day Chenxi, Mayang, Huayuan, Fenghuang, etc.), Youyang (present-day Yongshun, Longshan, Guzhang and other counties, wrongly into the territory of present-day Sichuan Province), Yiling (present-day Xupu County), Zhoushan (present-day Changyang County in Hubei Province), Zuyang (present-day Changyang County), Zeroyang (present-day Huxi, Jishou, Maoyang and other counties, wrongly into present-day Sichuan Province). ), Zuoyang (now Li County, Cili, Shimen, Linli and other counties), Cheng (now Dayong, Sangzhi County)" ①. Wuling County is also known as "Yiling County". Its origin according to the jin changlin "yiling record" cloud: "Xiang yu regicide yi emperor in chen, wuling people onyx crying in zhao qu pavilion, high emperor heard and righteousness, so it is called yiling." The county seat of Yiling County (said to be in Suo County). Founding time, according to the "Houhan book - county and country" under the original note: "Qin zhaowang set, the name Qianzhong County. The name was changed in the fifth year of Emperor Gao Di's reign (202 years ago)." ["Water Classic - Yuan Shui" recorded as "Han Gaozu two years (205 years ago)]

Western Han Wuling County, historically, there are two say. First, the rule of Suo County, those who say, such as: Song Ouyang Yvette, "Yidi Guangji" ②, Qing Duan Changji, "Historical Table" ③, Tongzhi, "Wuling County". According to the Book of Han - Geographical Records, Wuling County has thirteen counties, and Suo County is placed at the top of the counties. According to the practice of the book, the county is also placed in the jurisdiction of the first of the counties, so to Suo County for Wuling County. Second, the rule of yiling. Holders of this statement, such as: Tang Wei Wang Tai, "Bracket Chi" ④, Tang Yan Shigu, "Han Shu Note", "Jiaqing Changde Fu Zhizhi - Yiziqiu history table", "Hunan Provincial Tongzhi - Geography", the new "Changde County", "Changde City Zhizhi". The author also agrees with this statement. The reason is: Wuling County of Western Han Dynasty was established by Emperor Gao Di of Han Dynasty who changed the original Qin Qianzhong County. According to the "yuan and county records" cloud, qinqianzhong county, in today's yuangling county, chenzhou, twenty miles west. In recent years, archaeologists have discovered the ruins of the city5. Qin Qianzhong County was originally established in the 30th year of King Zhao of Qin (277 years ago), when he invaded Chu and took Wuxian County and the southern part of the Yangtze River as Qianzhong County (6). Before that, it was Qianzhong County of Chu (7). The establishment of Qianzhong County by Qin was mainly to strengthen the military and political control over Wuxi, Qianzhong and Jiangnan. The county seat was set in Yuanling County because Yuanling was in the middle reaches of the Yuan River, which could reach upstream to Sheep River of Guizhou, and downstream to Dongting, so the Yuan and Li waters and the western and northern regions of Hunan were under the control of the county. Economically speaking, the gold of Lishui in Guizhou, the bamboo, oil tea, bracts, lacquer in western Hunan, especially the Dan sand of Chenxi and the rich copper, tin, copper, copper, copper, copper, copper, copper, copper, copper, copper, copper, copper, copper, copper, copper, copper, copper, copper, copper, copper, copper, copper, copper, copper, copper, copper, copper, copper, copper, copper, copper and copper. s rich copper, tin, lead and other minerals are important material resources that are badly needed in the development of a country. The setting of Qianzhong County here was of great economic and strategic significance for the management of the entire southwest.9 The Han Dynasty took Qianzhong County and then set up the Qianzhong County. After taking Qianzhong County, the Han Dynasty set up Wuling County, and set the county seat at Xupu, not far from Yuanling County, with the self-evident intention of replacing all that the previous dynasty had done here. Yan Shigu's commentary on the Book of Han brought together more than twenty commentaries before him. He was a learned man, and with the collection of books in the secretarial province at his disposal, his annotations on the Han Shu were y valued by scholars.xi He was also a great scholar. In his commentary on the Book of Han, he said, "The old rule of Yiling, not the county name Ling also." There must be a basis for this. Perhaps it was because he had a deep understanding of the mystery mentioned earlier that he made the assertion that "Wuling County used to be ruled by Yiling". However, I also think that before Suo County was changed to Hanshou County to become the seat of Jingzhou Assassin, it might have been the county seat of Wuling County for a period of time, perhaps after Yiling County was made the county seat. Because if it has not made the county, does not have the conditions to set up a larger military, political and economic center, the governor will not move there.

On the time of Wuling County, "Water Jingji - Yuan Shui" recorded as "Han Gaozu two years (205 years ago)", although the "Records of the Grand Historian - Gaozu Benji", "Gaozu two years, Xiang Yu regicide in Jiangnan, March for the mourning of the emperor". And wuling county renamed "yiling county", seems to coincide with the time. But from the Chu-Han war situation analysis, the second year of Gaozu, Han Wang Liu Bang's main force, is to capture the land, set Longxi, Beidi, Shangxun, Weinan, Heshang, in the county. Beyond Guan, set Henan County (ruled Luoyang), Hanoi County (now southwest of Wuzhi, Henan). The king of Han himself went east, in Pengcheng Lingbi East, was defeated by Xiang Yu, and even his parents and wife were made prisoners of Xiang Yu. It was only with great difficulty that he was able to gather his soldiers, together with the troops led by his generals and those from Guanzhong, to break the Chu army in Xingyang between Jing and Su.11 He was unable to take care of setting up counties in the south or southwest at this time. In the fifth year of Emperor Gao Di of Han Dynasty (202 BC), Xiang Yu committed suicide in Wujiang River; the king of Han Dynasty became the emperor, and the capital was Luoyang; Wu Rui, the king of Hengshan, was appointed as the king of Changsha, and Wuju, the king of Yue, was appointed as the king of Minyue.12 At this time, the setting up of the county of Wuling in the former Qianzhong County of Qin Dynasty was a natural and opportune moment.

During the Xinmang period, Wuling County was changed to Jianping County, Linyuan County was changed to Jianyuan, and Weiling County was changed to Weilu, which was still under the rule of Jingzhou.

In the Eastern Han Dynasty, the county of Jinyuan was renamed Linyuan, and the county of Weiling was renamed Weiling, and Jianping County was renamed Wuling County. Twelve counties: Linyuan, Hanshou [Western Han Suo County, Yangjia three years (134 AD) renamed, moved Jingzhou assassins rule to this], drowning, Zuoling, charging, Yuanling, Tanyang, Youyang, Qianling, tsuba into the south of Yuanyuan County, Yuannan [Jianwu twenty-sixth year (50 AD), divided into the southern territory of the county of Linyuan County, that is, the land of present-day Taoyuan County, the old city in the southwestern part of today's Taoyuan County, 70 miles], as a Tang (divided into the Western Han dynasty, drowning County, the land of today's Anxiang County, the old town today, Anxiang County North) 13. The county seat was Linyuan (i.e. the urban area of present-day Changde City. The "Shui Jing Zhi - Yuan Shui" says: "Lin Yuan County, south of the county is facing the Yuan Shui, so it was named after it"). Since then, Linyuan has been the county, state, road and government of successive dynasties.

"Wuling" one of the origins, according to Liang Liu Zhao note "sage biography" said: "Jin Taishou Zhao Jue asked the bookkeeper Pan Jing said: 'Why is your county named Wuling? Jing said: 'I county this name ling, in chenyang county border, and barbarians, for the attack. Guangwu moved east out, so I got to see the whole, **** talk about the number. The biography of the said: stopping for wu, "poetry" note: gao ping for ling, 'so change the name." (see "square view of the landscape? Changde Province") "Wuling County" name taken from the "Zuo Zhuan" and "Poetry", began in the early Han Dynasty, later changed to "Yiling County"'; East Han Dynasty, it was called "Wuling County". ". Pan Jing's dialog was not complete. Perhaps he was in a hurry and forgot to tell the whole process of taking the name at the beginning, and then changing and restoring the name. Therefore, there is the suspicion of putting the cart before the horse.

Jingzhou assassins ruled Hanshou, Qing Gu Zuyu "read the history of the book of public opinion chronicle", Hanshou, now Changde Province, forty miles east of the old city of Hanshou. (Han Xiandi) Chuping two years (191 years) Liu Biao for the assassin of Jingzhou, migrated Xiangyang, the old collar county seven, today's collar county seven (i.e.: Nanyang County, South County, Jiangxia County, Zuoling County, Wuling County, Guiyang County, Changsha County), equivalent to today's Hunan, Hubei, and the south of Henan, and part of the vast area of Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou Province. Qing Tongzhi "Wuling County" records: "Hanshou City, sixty miles northeast of the county, the Han Suo County, Wuling County, Han Shundei renamed Hanshou, moved Jingzhou assassins ruled in this, commonly known as "Kong Lipid City," all the inhabitants of the field, the site is still in existence ". According to "Changde cultural relics" records: Suo County Han Dynasty City, is located in Changde City, 30 kilometers outside the east gate of the broken port head of the township site village. The remains of the city site still exists. The city consists of large and small two cities, a total area of 540,000 square meters, the city wall remains 3-4 meters high, 12-18 meters wide, there are east, south, west, north four doors, the city corners of the 7-10 meters high lookout, outside the city around the moat about 30 meters wide, the city remnants of the Han Chinese brick and tile, all over the place. Outside the city southeast of the Han tomb group 14. Tang Liu Yuxi "Han Shou City Spring Hope" poem, that is written here.

During the Three Kingdoms period, Wuling County, whose seat was still in Linyuan (most of Wuling and Dingcheng districts in Changde City), belonged to Shu at the beginning, and then to Wu. In the sixth year of Yong'an under Emperor Jing of Wu (263), the former Hanshou County was renamed Wushou County, and Bianzhong County was set up in the west of the country on part of the land of Zuoling and Ching counties, and Nangan County was set up on the land of Diling county, and Tianmen County was established, with its seat in Bianzhong County (west of present-day Cili county and the land of Dayong county).15 At this time, the seat of Jingzhou had already been moved from Hanshou to the city of Wuzhou, and the city was located on the west side of the county. At this time, the seat of Jingzhou was moved from Hanshou to Jiangling in Hubei. Wuling County only had jurisdiction over the counties of Linyuan, Wushou (western part of present-day Hanshou County and eastern part of Dingcheng District), Longyang (divided into the land of Hanshou County in the east, and eastern part of present-day Hanshou County), Yuannan, Yuanling, Cinyang, Qianyang, Qianling, Tsumo City, Youyang, and Maiyang in the Yuan River Basin, and no longer governed counties in the Li River Basin.

Western Jin Dynasty, the establishment of Wuling County and the area under the jurisdiction of basically no major changes in the Eastern Wu Wu Shou County at this time has been restored to the old name of Hanshou County.

South Liu Song (420-479 years) period, Wuling County, the area under the jurisdiction of the county is still no major changes, just Wuling County was under the Jingzhou changed to belong to the Yingzhou (state Wuchang County) (see "Song book - state and county"); Xiao Qi (479-502 years) period, Wuling County, moved to the Yuanling, (see "South Qi book? (see Southern Qi Book? State and County Records); during the Xiao Liang (502-557) period, the county seat of Wuling was still moved back to Linyuan, and Wuling County was upgraded to Wushu. (see Sui Shu - Geography Zhi, Taiping Huan Yu Ji, and Yanshi Fangyi Ji Yao). During the Chen Dynasty (557-589), Yuanling County was set up by analyzing Yuanling, Chenyang, Qianyang, Qianling, Tsuba Cheng, Youyang, and Maoyang in the middle and upper reaches of the former Wuling County, while the four counties of Linyuan, Yuannan, Hanshou, and Longyang in the lower reaches of the Yuan River were set up as Wuling County, with the county seat at Linyuan. In the meantime, in the seventh year of Chen Taijian (575), there was a change of the name of Wushu, which was set up by Liang in the area of Wuling County, to Yuanzhou, with the counties of Wuling, Nanyiyang and Namping under its jurisdiction.

From the Western Han Dynasty to the Chen Dynasty, the jurisdiction of Wuling County had been greatly reduced. Since then, the jurisdictions of Langzhou and Wuling County in the Sui and Tang dynasties, Dingzhou in the Song Dynasty, Changde Road in the Yuan Dynasty, and Changde Prefecture in the Ming and Qing dynasties were basically the same as that of Wuling County in the Chen Dynasty.