In daily life or work and study, unexpected accidents sometimes occur. In order to avoid causing huge losses and harm, it is often necessary to make emergency plans in advance. So how should we prepare the emergency plan? The following is a special emergency plan for hazardous chemicals that I have carefully compiled, hoping to help you.
Special Emergency Plan for Hazardous Chemicals 1 1 Purpose
In order to maintain social and political stability and social security stability, and prevent and contain accidents of personal injury and death caused by chemicals, we will carry out all the work quickly and orderly when emergencies occur, and formulate this emergency plan according to the requirements of target management of comprehensive management of social security and the actual situation of our hospital.
2 foundation
This plan is formulated in accordance with People's Republic of China (PRC) Law on Work Safety, Environmental Protection Law, Regulations on Safety Management of Hazardous Chemicals and National Emergency Plan for Work Safety Accidents.
3 scope
It is suitable for emergencies caused by dangerous chemicals in hospitals.
4 working principles
4. 1 Safety first, prevention first. Adhere to the combination of emergency and prevention, do a good job in prevention and early warning, and prevent and reduce casualties, property losses and social impact caused by accidents to the maximum extent.
4.2 Unified leadership and graded responsibility. Under the unified leadership of the hospital, the emergency management system of graded responsibility, compartmentalization and territorial management is implemented to give full play to the role of professional emergency command institutions.
4.3 Normative and orderly, and the guarantee is in place. Standardize the emergency management and response mechanism according to the laws, regulations and provisions on safety production.
5 emergency organization system
Set up an emergency command center, set up an emergency command center office, and set up an agency at the scene of the accident-emergency headquarters.
5. 1 Emergency Command Center
Commander-in-Chief: President (President may authorize other leaders when traveling).
Deputy Commander-in-Chief: Party Secretary and Vice President in Charge.
Members: heads of academic affairs office, personnel office, experimental research institute, logistics service center and geological institute.
Responsibilities of emergency command center:
A) To be responsible for organizing the revision, review, release, drill and summary of the accident emergency plan;
B) According to the provisions of the emergency plan for quarterly safety accidents, issue early warning and early warning cancellation instructions and special emergency plan start and stop instructions;
C) Organize, direct and coordinate the emergency treatment of production and operation safety accidents;
D) Strengthen the construction of emergency rescue for production safety accidents. Combined with the characteristics of emergency rescue work in production and operation, a safety accident rescue team with rapid response ability is established to improve the level of rescue equipment and form the guarantee for emergency rescue of production and operation safety accidents.
E) Do a good job in stabilizing employees' mood and dealing with the casualties.
5.2 Emergency Command Center Office
The emergency command center consists of an emergency command center office, which is located in the President's office, with the director of the President's office as the director, who is fully responsible for the daily work of the office. The presidents, management directors and project department heads of each branch serve as deputy directors, responsible for the on-site command work in their respective regions, and the management director is responsible for the peripheral coordination work.
Responsibilities of the emergency command center office:
A) After receiving the accident report, immediately report to the leader of the command center, and immediately organize and coordinate all units affiliated to the hospital to ensure the personnel, vehicles, materials and spare parts according to the instructions of the leader;
B) Know the occurrence information of safety accidents in time;
C) According to the instructions of the emergency command center, inform emergency headquarters and the working groups of relevant command information in time.
5.3 Site emergency headquarters
5.3. 1 emergency headquarters is the agency of the emergency command center, which consists of the chief commander, the deputy chief commander and various professional teams, and its members are mainly composed of personnel from the accident unit. When necessary, the emergency command center will assign another field commander. When the on-site commander-in-chief is unable to perform the command function, he shall be replaced by the on-site top leader or immediately assigned by the emergency command center.
5.3.2 A working group is set up in emergency headquarters, and its personnel are mainly composed of emergency agencies of accident units and rescue team personnel.
5.3.3 Responsibilities of emergency headquarters on site:
A) According to the instruction of the emergency command center, set up a working group to take charge of on-site emergency command, and integrate and allocate on-site emergency resources;
B) Report the emergency treatment to the emergency command center in time;
C) Collect and sort out relevant information in the process of emergency response;
D) Verify the emergency termination conditions and request emergency termination instructions from the emergency command center;
E) Be responsible for summarizing the on-site emergency work.
6 emergency start-up standard
In all kinds of dangerous chemical accidents, this plan should be started in any of the following circumstances:
(1) A hazardous chemical accident with more than 3 deaths (including missing persons) 10 or less;
(2) Due to leakage, fire, explosion and other reasons, dangerous chemicals have caused or may cause many personal injuries and property losses such as acute poisoning, injury or death, and other dangerous chemical accidents that endanger society;
(3) Other hazardous chemical accidents with particularly serious nature and significant impact.
7 Prevention and early warning
(1) In the event of a dangerous chemical accident, the main person in charge of the unit shall promptly start the emergency rescue plan, organize emergency treatment, and immediately report to the competent department at the next higher level. After receiving the report, all departments should immediately rush to the scene of the accident.
(2) In case of a dangerous chemical accident, which cannot be effectively controlled quickly or has caused heavy casualties, you should immediately request support from the superior emergency rescue headquarters for dangerous chemicals.
8 emergency response
8. 1 Disposal measures for hazardous chemical leakage accidents
(1) Pay attention to safety protection when entering the leakage site for treatment. Rescuers entering the scene must be equipped with necessary personal protective equipment. If the leakage is flammable and explosive, fire should be banned in the accident center, power supply should be cut off, vehicles should be prohibited from entering, and a warning line should be set up at the border immediately. According to the accident situation and accident development, decide the evacuation of personnel in the accident-affected area. If the leakage is toxic, special protective clothing and isolated air mask should be used. In order to use and adapt correctly in the wild, strict adaptive training should be carried out at ordinary times. Immediately set up a cordon at the border of the accident center. According to the accident situation and accident development, decide the evacuation of personnel in the accident-affected area. It is forbidden to act alone in first aid, and there must be a guardian. If necessary, cover with water guns and water cannons.
(2) Leakage source control
Close the valve, stop the operation or change the process flow, reduce the load operation, etc. Leak plugging uses appropriate materials and technical means to plug the leak.
(3) Leakage treatment
Embankment interception: Embankment is built to intercept the leaked liquid or discharge it to a safe place. In case of liquid leakage in the storage tank area, the rainwater valve should be closed in time to prevent materials from flowing out along the open ditch.
Dilution covering: spray atomized water to the vapor cloud of harmful substances to accelerate the diffusion of gas into the air. For combustible substances, a large amount of water can also be poured on site.
8.2 Disposal measures for fire accidents of dangerous chemicals
(1) Control first, then destroy.
In view of the characteristics of rapid development and spread of dangerous chemical fires and large burning area, unified command and rapid control are actively adopted; Block the fire and prevent it from spreading; Focus on breaking through and eliminating dangerous situations; Fire fighting tactics of division, encirclement and quick decision.
(2) The combatants should occupy the position of windward or crosswind.
Personnel engaged in fire detection, fire fighting and fire evacuation shall take targeted self-protection measures. For example, wear protective masks and special protective clothing. We should quickly find out the burning range, the names and main dangerous characteristics of the burning articles and their surrounding articles, the main ways of fire spreading, and whether the burning dangerous chemicals and products are toxic.
(3) Correct selection of the most suitable fire extinguishing agent and fire extinguishing method.
When the fire is large, we should first block the spread of the fire, control the burning range, and then gradually put out the fire. When emergency evacuation is necessary due to possible explosion, burst, splash and other special dangers, evacuation should be carried out in a timely manner in accordance with unified evacuation signals and evacuation methods. (The evacuation signal should be particularly eye-catching, which can be seen or heard by all personnel on site, and should be rehearsed frequently).
(4) Eliminate residual fire
After the fire is put out, people should still be sent to monitor the scene to eliminate the residual fire. The fire unit shall protect the scene, accept the accident investigation, assist the public security fire department and the superior safety production supervision and management department to investigate the cause of the fire, verify the fire loss, find out the fire responsibility, and shall not clean up the fire scene without the consent of the public security supervision department and the superior safety production supervision and management department.
8.3 on-site inspection and evaluation
According to the needs, after being reported to the emergency command center for approval, an accident scene detection appraisal and evaluation team will be set up to enter the scene to carry out work. The main work contents are as follows:
A) Comprehensively analyze and evaluate the test data, find out the cause of the accident, evaluate the development trend of the accident, and predict the consequences of the accident, so as to provide reference for formulating the on-site rescue plan and accident investigation;
B) Monitor the scale and impact of the accident, the collapse risk of damaged buildings, etc.
8.4 Information Reporting and Release
All departments shall report the accident progress to the emergency command center office in time, and the emergency command center office shall be responsible for reporting to the command center. The disclosure of accident information should be carried out in strict accordance with the relevant information disclosure procedures of our hospital, and the emergency office is responsible for collecting and sorting out relevant information and reporting it to the competent department at the next higher level.
8.5 the end of the state of emergency
When all the people in distress are rescued and the scene of the accident is controlled, which may lead to the elimination of secondary and derivative accidents, the on-site emergency response work is terminated after confirmation by the on-site emergency command organization and coordination by the accident emergency coordination office, and the emergency rescue team is evacuated from the scene, and the accident emergency leading group announces the end of the emergency.
9 Training and exercises
Hospital Emergency Command Center Office 10. 1 is responsible for organizing the drill of this plan.
10.2 experimental research institute and logistics service center are responsible for organizing pre-plan drills.
10.3 preplan drills are conducted once a year.
10.4 after the emergency drill, each drill institution shall submit the drill report to the hospital emergency command center within 15 days.
10 supplementary provisions
This Plan shall be implemented as of the date of promulgation.
Special Emergency Plan for Hazardous Chemicals 2 In order to quickly and effectively control major hazardous chemical accidents, rescue victims, guide personnel to protect and organize evacuation, and minimize the harm and loss caused by them. This emergency evacuation plan is applicable to the emergency evacuation during the transportation of dangerous chemicals in this section.
I. Command principle
1, unified command principle
When a dangerous chemical accident occurs, the duty leader of the management office should conduct unified command before the superior leader arrives. Upon the arrival of the superior leader, the superior leader shall give unified command or designate a special person to take charge of the command according to the needs, and set up a headquarters. After the local government and other relevant departments arrive, the headquarters of this unit will be merged into the on-site headquarters to serve the command of the headquarters.
2, the principle of territorial command
When reinforcements from other parts of the system arrive, they will serve the local commanders.
3. Command by department step by step
Commanders of all departments of this unit obey the unified command of the commander of the management office and are responsible for directing their own operations. The superior commander shall not give orders beyond his level. If there are special circumstances beyond the level of orders, the superior commander should inform the commander who has been surpassed, and the receiver should take the initiative to report the situation to the commander at the same level.
Second, the command system and tasks
The headquarters must be set up to deal with the leakage accidents of heavy and special chemical dangerous goods. According to the working characteristics of this system, the evacuation and diversion work must be carried out under the unified leadership of the general headquarters.
(a) the headquarters personnel composition and main responsibilities
Commander-in-Chief: xxx (responsible for cooperating with the on-site headquarters to study and formulate the rescue plan)
Deputy Chief Commander: xxx (the commander in charge of the specific work of this system)
Members: principal responsible persons of departments such as road administration, toll station, service area and traffic patrol (responsible for the specific work of each unit).
(2) Personnel grouping and responsibilities
1. On-site personnel evacuation group (note: the specific personnel list and the work that each person is responsible for should be clearly written)
2, the scene vehicle evacuation group
3. Vehicle shunting group
4, the surrounding mass evacuation team
5, alert group
6. Logistics Support Team
Third, mobilize forces.
When the leakage accident of heavy and special chemical dangerous goods occurs, the command center should immediately dispatch patrol, road administration, maintenance and risk removal forces to the scene according to the plan after receiving the alarm or dispatching order, and notify the duty leader of the management office, and report to the command center of the county public security bureau at the same time.
Four. Evacuation procedures and measures
(a) the implementation of vigilance. First, the field forces should control the dangerous area, divide the warning area, light dangerous area and heavy dangerous area at the scene of the accident, and set up a warning line; In general, the severe danger zone is 50m, the mild danger zone is 100m, and the warning zone is 200m. The warning zone should be expanded in the downwind or when the leakage is large.
(2) Remove the fire source. Quickly put out all open flames in the warning area and turn off electrical equipment, including pagers, mobile phones and other communication tools; Turn off the vehicle and pay attention to potential fire sources, such as friction and static electricity.
(3) maintain order. Strictly control the dangerous area to prevent people and vehicles from entering the dangerous area by mistake; Set up safety checkpoints at the main entrances and exits of accident sections to control the entry of vehicles and ensure the passage of rescue vehicles.
(4) Organizing personnel evacuation. People in dangerous areas should evacuate to safe areas (upwind or crosswind direction) in time, and pay attention to their own safety when there are serious pollution, many trapped people and complicated situations.
1, prepare to evacuate. Rescuers must first be familiar with the terrain and make clear the evacuation direction; Necessary equipment such as markers, loudspeakers and flashlights that should be carried when preparing to enter the dangerous area.
2. Active protection. Before evacuation, personnel in dangerous areas should be instructed to do personal protection in time. You can use local materials and take simple protective measures to protect yourself. For those who can't leave once they enter, a well-sealed room can be set as a temporary refuge room, and they can be instructed to close the doors and windows, plug the gaps between the doors and windows with wet cloth, turn off ventilation equipment such as air conditioning and extinguish the fire source, and wait for the opportunity to transfer.
3. Evacuate quickly. When organizing personnel to evacuate from the dangerous area, they should choose a reasonable evacuation route to avoid crossing the dangerous area; Personnel carrying toxic substances should be disinfected at the exit of the warning zone, and should be further inspected after entering the safety zone. Those who have caused harm should be rescued as soon as possible.
Verb (abbreviation for verb) requires
The disposal of hazardous chemicals leakage accidents is dangerous and professional, which requires strict organization. In the process of disposal, the following points should be noted:
1. All personnel entering the operation area shall be well protected and shall not enter without authorization;
2. Strengthen unified command and coordinate operations;
3. Every link should respect science and not act blindly;
4, after the accident disposal, to count personnel and equipment, and decontamination.
Special Emergency Plan for Hazardous Chemicals 3 I. Basic Information
Lijin Guangyuan Asphalt Co., Ltd. does not have its own transportation vehicles, and the transportation of raw materials and products depends entirely on social transportation vehicles, but this does not mean that the transportation safety of hazardous chemicals has nothing to do with us. Strengthening the safety management of transportation, loading and unloading of dangerous chemicals still plays an irreplaceable role in transportation safety. Transport vehicles, drivers and escorts who do not have safe transport conditions shall not issue bills of lading or load goods. This has played a positive role in promoting the transportation enterprises where transport vehicles are located to implement the main responsibility of safe transportation and ensure transportation safety. Our specific methods are as follows:
(a) the qualification inspection system before issuing the bill of lading
1. Qualification of the transport enterprise where the transport vehicle is located. There is a road dangerous goods transport business license.
2. Qualification of transport vehicles. Have:
(1) motor vehicle driving license;
(2) A road transport certificate consistent with the approved business scope;
(3) The transport vehicles and tanks are consistent with the driving license photos;
(four) the loading quality approved by the road transport certificate is consistent with the loading quality marked by the driving license;
(5) The maximum filling capacity of the mobile pressure vessel registration certificate (pressure tank car) shall not be greater than the loading quality approved by the driving license.
3. Qualifications of drivers and escorts. Have:
(1) driver's license and qualification certificate for commercial road transport drivers;
(2) Escort's road dangerous goods transport operation certificate.
4. Safety warning signs and signs. Transport vehicles and tanks must be equipped with billboards in accordance with relevant regulations and painted with the words "explosion" and signs of road transport of dangerous goods.
If any of the above documents is missing or does not meet the requirements, the bill of lading will not be issued.
(two) the vehicle safety inspection system before loading. Before loading dangerous chemicals, in addition to the staff of the transport unit to carefully check the safety status of transport vehicles, the delivery unit must check the safety configuration of emergency equipment such as fire fighting, emergency repair and protection of transport vehicles. Do not meet the conditions prescribed by the state, shall not be loaded with dangerous chemicals.
(3) Operating system during loading. During the loading process, the drivers, escorts and operators of the transport unit must be present, strictly observe their posts, strictly operate the rules, and strictly control the number of vehicles entering the site. Overloading, mixing and misplacing are strictly prohibited, and the filling quantity shall not exceed the loading quality approved in the Road Transport Certificate for Dangerous Chemicals, and the filling quantity of pressure tank trucks shall not exceed the maximum filling quantity in the Mobile Pressure Vessel Use Registration Certificate.
(four) the safety approval system before the vehicle leaves the factory. After the loading is completed, the delivery unit must check and accept the loading weight, fastening situation and configuration of loading safety protection facilities, and it is forbidden to leave if it does not meet the requirements.
(5) registration system. Carefully register the examination and approval of the delivery and loading and unloading links (see Registration Form for Examination and Approval of Hazardous Chemicals Loading for details), establish a work account, clarify responsibilities, and ensure the safety of the delivery and loading and unloading links of hazardous chemicals.
Second, possible accidents and corresponding treatment measures
When loading dangerous chemicals, if the operating rules are violated or there is no special person to monitor the site, oil spill may occur in the tanker. If it is not handled in time or improperly, it may also lead to fire and explosion accidents.
1, accident treatment of gasoline tanker
Handling of leakage accident:
(1) cut off all fire sources to avoid fire;
(2) Immediately close the loading valve;
(3) Prohibit leakage from entering the sewer;
(4) spraying water mist to reduce evaporation;
(5) Absorbed by inert substances such as sand, and then collected to the waste disposal site for treatment;
(6) If the amount of leakage is large, it can be enclosed by dikes and then collected and transported.
Fire accident treatment: In case of fire, dry powder, CO2, water curtain or conventional foam can be used to extinguish the fire, and a large amount of water is used to cool the tanker until the fire is extinguished; If possible, on the premise of ensuring safety, move the tank car away from the fire.
2, liquefied gas tanker accident treatment, leakage accident treatment:
(1) cut off all fire sources to avoid fire;
(2) Immediately close the loading valve;
(3) Reasonable ventilation, accelerating diffusion and diluting spray water.
Fire accident treatment: In case of fire, dry powder, CO2, water curtain or alcohol-resistant foam can be used to extinguish the fire, and a large amount of water is used to cool the tanker until the fire is extinguished; Do not spray water directly on the safety valve to prevent freezing; If possible, on the premise of ensuring safety, move the tank car away from the fire.
Special Emergency Plan for Hazardous Chemicals 4 20xx On the evening of March 29th, a 35-ton liquid chlorine tank car collided with a truck in Huai 'an section of Beijing-Shanghai Expressway, causing a large area of liquid chlorine leakage from the tank car, causing a large number of villagers to be poisoned in three towns along the route, and the Suqian-Baoying section of Beijing-Shanghai Expressway was closed for 20 hours. In the accident, 28 people died of poisoning, 360 people were sent to hospital for treatment and tens of thousands of villagers were evacuated. One of the reasons why this dangerous goods transportation accident caused such serious consequences was that the tanker driver escaped and delayed the best emergency rescue opportunity. The accident reflects the problems existing in the emergency rescue plan for the transportation of dangerous chemicals from one side.
The transportation industry is a high-risk industry. The transportation safety management of hazardous chemicals has been paid more and more attention by the whole society because of its high risk in the industry, the diversity of hazardous chemicals, the complexity of physical and chemical properties, the potential high risk and the high harm of accidents. How to improve the pertinence, applicability and operability of the emergency rescue plan for hazardous chemicals, so as to improve the emergency handling ability of hazardous chemicals transportation accidents, make the accidents quickly controlled, eliminate the harm caused by accidents as much as possible, and minimize the losses caused by accidents to people's lives, property and the environment. In my opinion, the following relations should be handled well in the preparation of emergency rescue plan for dangerous chemicals transportation:
First, the relationship between what I want to prepare and what I want to prepare.
At present, there are still many transportation enterprises who have insufficient understanding of the importance and necessity of preparing emergency rescue plans for the transportation of dangerous chemicals, and regard them as a shield to cope with the safety inspection, annual inspection and accountability of the competent departments of transportation industry and the supervision and management departments of production safety. Many dangerous chemicals transport enterprises lack serious analysis and demonstration on the physical and chemical properties, hazard types and accident causes of the dangerous chemicals they transport, and there are serious fluky psychology and indifferent attitude. They always feel that the transportation requirements of hazardous chemicals are high, the supervision is strict and the probability of accidents is low. If an accident really happens, you can only leave it to fate, and the preparation of the plan has little effect. In the case that most hazardous chemicals transportation enterprises are short of chemical professionals or professionals are seriously inadequate, in order to complete the "prescribed action" of preparing emergency rescue plans stipulated by laws and regulations and the competent department of transportation industry, we patched things together and muddled through. In recent years, with the frequent occurrence of transportation accidents of heavy and dangerous chemicals, the supervision of the industry has been strengthened and the requirements have been improved. Most hazardous chemicals transport enterprises entrust safety intermediary assessment agencies to prepare plans. Because the existing safety intermediary assessment agencies are few and almost all engaged in the chemical industry, they lack experience in transportation production and management, and the emergency plan compiled lacks the characteristics of the transportation industry and is not targeted. Some hazardous chemicals transportation enterprises failed to organize employees to study and digest systematically after the preparation of emergency rescue plan. Once an accident occurs, they will naturally run away at a loss.
The preparation of emergency rescue plan for hazardous chemicals transportation is not only the requirement of laws and regulations for transportation enterprises, but also an important measure for hazardous chemicals transportation enterprises to improve their awareness of risk prevention and prevent and reduce serious transportation accidents. Article 17 of the Law of People's Republic of China (PRC) on Work Safety stipulates that the main person in charge of the production and business operation entity is responsible for organizing the formulation and implementation of the emergency rescue plan for production safety accidents of the entity, and Article 35 of the Regulations on the Safety Management of Hazardous Chemicals stipulates that "hazardous chemicals entities shall formulate the emergency rescue plan for their own accidents, equip emergency rescue personnel and necessary emergency rescue equipment, and organize drills on a regular basis". Article 32 of the Regulations of the People's Republic of China on Road Transport stipulates that "passenger transport operators and freight transport operators shall formulate road transport emergency plans related to traffic accidents, natural disasters and other emergencies. The emergency plan should include reporting procedures, emergency command, emergency vehicle and equipment reserves and disposal measures. " As a dangerous chemicals transportation enterprise, we must stand on the height of being highly responsible for the safety of people's lives and property, realize the importance and necessity of compiling emergency rescue plans for dangerous chemicals transportation, and consciously realize the change from requiring me to compiling, which is the premise of doing a good job in compiling.
Second, the relationship between fixed place and mobility.
The transportation of dangerous chemicals is a dynamic hazard source, which involves a wide range of accidents and has great harm, and will also have a great impact on social security. Dangerous chemicals transportation enterprises are different from simple production enterprises, management enterprises and storage enterprises in relatively fixed places, and also different from ordinary freight enterprises, and do not involve dangerous chemicals. Once an accident happens, it will generally not cause serious danger and harm. In fact, the uncertainty of accidents in hazardous chemicals transportation enterprises is much more complicated. It includes not only enterprise management, human illegal acts and mistakes, technical conditions of vehicles, defects of facilities and equipment, road conditions, terrain, crowds, weather and other factors, but also the transportation accidents of dangerous chemicals caused by traffic accidents and the expansion of accidents caused by improper rescue. And the longer the transportation distance, the more uncertainty; The more varieties of dangerous chemicals transported by enterprises, the greater the uncertainty; The more frequently vehicles change modes of transportation, the more uncertainty there will be. According to statistics, more than 50% of dangerous goods transportation accidents are caused by traffic accidents. The technical condition of dangerous chemicals transport vehicles is an important factor causing accidents. Poor technical condition will seriously affect driving safety and lead to accidents. Comprehensive analysis of the possible causes of dangerous chemicals transportation accidents is the basis and premise for determining the hazard sources and enhancing the applicability and operability of the plan. At the same time, when dangerous chemical accidents and dangerous chemical transportation accidents occur in relatively fixed places and need social assistance, the requirements for the plan are also different. Generally speaking, for the former, the telephone numbers of local departments in charge of fire control, environmental protection, safety supervision, hospitals, industries and so on are enough, while for the latter, especially vehicles with cross-regional changes in location, once a dangerous chemical transportation accident occurs and social assistance is needed, there is nothing to do. Especially when transporting highly toxic gas, it is best to have the telephone number of county and township governments along the way, so as to inform local organizations to evacuate and evacuate relevant personnel at the first time of the accident. At present, many transport enterprises do not pay enough attention to the location movement of transport vehicles and the complexity of the movement process when preparing emergency rescue plans for dangerous chemicals, and do not investigate dangerous sections along the way. There is no description of the contact information and methods of county and city governments, safety production supervision and environmental protection that need to be passed along the way where the transportation enterprise is located. If an accident occurs in other places, the emergency organization of transportation enterprises will be beyond the reach, which is not conducive to timely rescue, rescue and control measures, and will often expand.
Third, the relationship between emergency self-help and social assistance.
During the transportation of dangerous chemicals, repeated loading and unloading of goods, changes in ambient temperature or pressure, improper operation, repeated recycling of packaging containers, loss of gasket of barrel cover, deformation and fracture of safety valve, etc. , may lead to gas leakage and diffusion, liquid leakage, solid leakage and other dangerous chemicals leakage. Timely and correct initial emergency actions can greatly reduce the consequences of accidents before they escalate. Because hazardous chemicals are explosive, flammable or toxic, corrosive and radioactive, especially in the process of transportation, dangerous chemical accidents such as burning and explosion are prone to occur, such as toluene, which is actually both flammable and toxic. It is necessary to describe in detail the basic situation, dangerous factors and their dangerous characteristics, impact on the surrounding, control measures to be taken, precautions and avoidance measures, and emergency response different from other accidents. A considerable number of hazardous chemicals transportation enterprises have not paid enough attention to the treatment methods of different types of hazardous chemicals leakage accidents during transportation and have not analyzed them enough. In addition, the safety management and investment of individual affiliated or contracted vehicles are not in place, and the necessary emergency rescue equipment is not equipped as needed. Once a leakage accident happens, we can only rely on social assistance, which leads to the accident not being controlled in time.
Fourth, the relationship between emergency plan and traffic card
In order to guide and standardize the preparation of emergency rescue plans for hazardous chemicals, the State Administration of Work Safety has specially issued the Guidelines for the Preparation of Emergency Rescue Plans for Hazardous Chemicals Accidents (Unit Edition), and clearly put forward the establishment of a safe transportation card system in the guidelines. The safe transportation card system includes the nature, harmfulness, emergency measures, precautions and emergency contact numbers of units, production enterprises and shippers. Require one card for each hazardous chemical; Before each transport, the transport unit shall inform the driver and the escort of the relevant contents on the safety transport card and hand over the safety card to the driver and the escort. According to our knowledge, some drivers and escorts have been fighting guerrilla warfare for a long time, and the safe transportation card system has not been fully implemented and enforced, and many local transportation industry authorities have not vigorously promoted this system. On the whole, the emergency rescue plan for accidents formulated by hazardous chemicals transport enterprises has the following shortcomings: first, it is comprehensive, and the key links and key issues are not prominent enough, especially the basic situation of transport enterprises, the determination of risk factors, internal guarantee and so on. Insufficient treatment methods for leakage of various dangerous chemicals; Second, a considerable part of the plan is suitable for enterprises with relatively fixed handling and storage places, but not close enough to the emergency rescue of trans-regional dangerous chemicals transportation, a dynamic hazard source; Third, it is too long and inconvenient to use. At present, most employees engaged in the transportation of dangerous goods have a low education level and lack professional knowledge in chemical industry. The review of accident emergency rescue plans compiled by 28 hazardous chemicals transportation enterprises shows that 80% of the plans are between 1.5-22000 words. In the event of an accident, it is not convenient to find relevant content. Therefore, it is suggested that relevant departments should strengthen the research on the applicability of emergency rescue plans for dangerous goods transport enterprises, and introduce specific regulations suitable for the transport industry and demonstration texts of emergency rescue plans for dangerous chemicals transport enterprises as soon as possible. At present, on the one hand, it is necessary to further improve the scheme, on the other hand, it is necessary to actively implement the safe transportation card system and make necessary supplements to give full play to the role of the safe transportation card.
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