information about Shanghai
Shanghai
the origin of "Shen" and "Shanghai"
Shanghai, referred to as "Shanghai", is also called "Shen". About 6,111 years ago, the western part of Shanghai became land, and the eastern part became land for 2,111 years. According to legend, during the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, Shanghai was once the fief of Huang Xie, the king of Chu, so it was nicknamed "Shen". During the Jin Dynasty in the 4th and 5th centuries A.D., residents in Songjiang (now Suzhou River) and coastal areas mostly made a living by fishing. They created a bamboo fishing tool called Hu, and because the river was called blasphemy at that time, the downstream area of Songjiang was called Hu, and later it was changed to Hu.
the city of Shanghai was built
In 751 AD (the tenth year of Tang Tianbao), Shanghai belonged to Huating County (now Songjiang District), covering the area from Hongkou in the north to the seaside in the south and Xiasha in the east. In 991 AD (the second year of Song Chunhua), due to the continuous shallow siltation in the upper reaches of Songjiang, the coastline moved eastward, and it was inconvenient for large ships to enter and leave, foreign ships had to dock at "Shanghai Pu", a tributary of Songjiang (located in the Huangpu River near Shiliupu in the east of today's Bund). In 1267 AD (the third year of Xianchun in the Southern Song Dynasty), a town was set up on the west bank of Shanghai Pu, named Shanghai Town. In 1292 AD (29 years from Yuan Dynasty to Yuan Dynasty), the central government of Yuan Dynasty drew Shanghai town from Huating County and approved the establishment of Shanghai County, marking the beginning of Shanghai's city construction.
Modern Shanghai
In the 6th century (mid-Ming Dynasty), Shanghai became the center of the national cotton textile and handicraft industry. In 1685 (the 24th year of Emperor Kangxi of Qing Dynasty), the Qing government set up a customs office in Shanghai. In the middle of the 9th century, Shanghai has become a bustling port with merchants. After the Opium War, Shanghai was opened as a "trade" port by colonialists. In the following 111 years, foreign powers invaded Shanghai in succession, making Shanghai the main stronghold of imperialist political, economic and cultural aggression against China. On May 27th, 1949, Shanghai, a city with glorious revolutionary tradition, was liberated and began a new life.
historic changes
the liberation of Shanghai has opened a new historical chapter in Shanghai's development. Under the leadership of China's * * * production party, the people of Shanghai, after more than 51 years' hard struggle, fundamentally transformed the old Shanghai, which developed abnormally under semi-colonial and semi-feudal conditions, and brought about profound changes in Shanghai's economic and social outlook. Especially since 1978, Shanghai's reform and opening-up efforts have been continuously strengthened. With a strong enterprising spirit, the people of Shanghai emancipated their minds, kept pace with the times and boldly practiced, they have embarked on a new development path with China characteristics, which embodies the characteristics of the times and conforms to the characteristics of Shanghai's mega-cities. As a result, Shanghai's economic and social development has undergone historic changes in various fields, and it has become China's largest economic center and a national historical and cultural city, and is building itself into an international economy, finance, trade and shipping.
geographical location
Shanghai is located at 31 degrees 14 minutes north latitude and 121 degrees 29 minutes east longitude, on the west coast of the Pacific Ocean, along the eastern edge of the Asian continent, at the front of the Yangtze River Delta, bordering the East China Sea in the east, Hangzhou Bay in the south, Jiangsu and Zhejiang provinces in the west, and the Yangtze River estuary in the north, where it connects with the East China Sea. Shanghai is just in the middle of the north-south arc coastline of China, with convenient transportation, vast hinterland and superior geographical position. It is a good river and sea port.
climate
Shanghai has a subtropical monsoon climate with four distinct seasons, abundant sunshine and rainfall. Shanghai has a mild and humid climate, with shorter spring and autumn and longer winter and summer. In 2114, the annual average temperature was 18.1℃, sunshine was 1929.6 hours, and rainfall was 1158.1 mm. About 51% of the annual rainfall is concentrated in the flood season from May to September, and there are three rainy periods in the flood season: spring rain, plum rain and autumn rain.
land area
In the early days of liberation, the land area of Shanghai was only 636 square kilometers. In 1958, Jiading, Baoshan, Shanghai, Songjiang, Jinshan, Chuansha, Nanhui, Fengxian, Qingpu and Chongming in Jiangsu Province were transferred to Shanghai, which expanded the jurisdiction of Shanghai to 5,911 square kilometers, almost 11 times that in the early days of liberation. By the end of 2114, Shanghai had an area of 6,341.5 square kilometers, accounting for 1.16% of the total area of the country. It was about 121 kilometers long from north to south and about 111 kilometers wide from east to west. Among them, the regional area is 5299.29 square kilometers and the county area is 1141.21 square kilometers. There are three islands under the jurisdiction of Chongming, Changxing and Hengsha, among which Chongming Island covers an area of 1,141.21 square kilometers, making it the third largest island in China.
Hydrology
Shanghai is a famous water town in the south of the Yangtze River with numerous rivers and lakes, dense water networks and abundant water resources, with a water area of 697 square kilometers, equivalent to 11% of the city's total area. Most of Shanghai's river networks belong to Huangpu River system, mainly including Huangpu River and its tributaries Suzhou River, Chuanyang River and Dianpu River. Huangpu River originates from Taihu Lake, with a total length of 113 kilometers, and flows through the urban area. The width of the river channel is 311-771 meters, with an average of 361 meters. It is not frozen all year round, and it is the main waterway of Shanghai. Suzhou Creek is 54 kilometers long in Shanghai, with an average width of 45 meters. The lakes in Shanghai are concentrated in the western depression bordering on Jiangsu and Zhejiang. The largest lake is Dianshan Lake, covering an area of 62 square kilometers.
Topography
Except for a few hills and mountains in the southwest, Shanghai is a flat plain, which is a part of the alluvial plain in the Yangtze River Delta, with an average altitude of about 4 meters. The land topography is generally slightly inclined from east to west. Dajinshan is the highest point in Shanghai with an altitude of 113.4 meters.
administrative divisions
in the early days of liberation, Shanghai was divided into 21 urban areas and 11 suburbs. By the end of 2113, there were 18 districts, 1 counties, 118 towns, 3 townships, 111 sub-district offices, 3,293 residents' committees and 1,991 villagers' committees in Shanghai.
Huangpu District covers an area of 12 square kilometers and has a population of 621,111. The postal code is 211111. No.311 Yan 'an East Road, District People's Government.
Luwan District covers an area of 8 square kilometers and has a population of 331,111. Postal code 211121. No.139, Chongqing South Road, District People's Government.
Xuhui District covers an area of 55 square kilometers and has a population of 891,111. Postal code 211131. District People's Government is located at No.336 Caoxi North Road.
Changning district covers an area of 38 square kilometers and has a population of 621,111. Postal code 211151. District People's Government is located at 1321 Yuyuan Road.
Jing' an District covers an area of 8 square kilometers and has a population of 321,111. Postal code 211141. District People's Government is located at 371 Changde Road.
Putuo District covers an area of 55 square kilometers and has a population of 851,111. Postal code 211333. District People's Government is located at No.1668, Daduhe Road.
Zhabei District covers an area of 29 square kilometers and has a population of 711,111. Postal code 211171. 481 Datong Road, District People's Government.
Hongkou District covers an area of 23 square kilometers and has a population of 791,111. Postal code 211181. District People's Government in Hongzhen Old Street.
Yangpu district covers an area of 61 square kilometers and has a population of 1.18 million. Postal code 211182. No.549 Jiangpu Road, District People's Government.
Minhang district covers an area of 372 square kilometers and has a population of 751,111. The postal code is 211111. District People's Government is located at No.6258, Humin Road, Xinzhuang Town.
Baoshan district covers an area of 415 square kilometers and has a population of 851,111. Postal code 211911. No.5 Mishan Road, District People's Government.
Jiading District covers an area of 459 square kilometers and has a population of 511,111. Postal code 211811. No.111 Bole South Road, District People's Government.
Pudong New Area covers an area of 523 square kilometers and has a population of 1.77 million. Postal code 211135. District People's Government in century avenue No.2111.
Jinshan District covers an area of 586 square kilometers and has a population of 531,111. Postal code 211541. No.2111, Jinshan Avenue, District People's Government.
Songjiang district covers an area of 615 square kilometers and has a population of 511,111. Postal code 211611. No.1, Yuanzhong Road, District People's Government.
Qingpu District covers an area of 676 square kilometers and has a population of 461,111. Postal code 211711. No.111 Park Road, District People's Government.
Nanhui District covers an area of 688 square kilometers and has a population of 711,111. Postal code 211311. District People's Government is located at No.3252 Renmin East Road, huinan town.
Fengxian district covers an area of 687 square kilometers and has a population of 511,111. Postal code 211411. District People's Government in Jiefang Middle Road, nanqiao town.
Chongming county covers an area of 1,141 square kilometers and has a population of 641,111. Postal code 212151. County People's Government is located at No.68 Renmin Road, chengqiao town.
population
due to a large number of immigrants and the rapid growth of floating population, the total population of Shanghai has been expanding. When Shanghai opened as a port, its population was less than one million. When it was liberated in 1949, it was 5.2 million. At 1: 11 on October 1, 2115, the resident population of Shanghai was 17.78 million, an increase of 1.37 million or 8.35% compared with the fifth census of this city. An average annual increase of 274,111 people, with an average annual increase of 1.62%; Among them, the foreign resident population is 4.38 million, accounting for 24.63%. .
natural change of population
Shanghai is the first provincial administrative region in China with negative growth due to natural change of population. In 1995, the number of births of permanent residents was 1.239 million, and the birth rate was 7.14 ‰. The death population is 117,111, and the mortality rate is 6.18 ‰; The natural growth rate of permanent residents in this city is 1.96‰. Among them, the birth rate of registered population in this city is 6.18 ‰; The mortality rate was 7.54 ‰; The natural population growth rate was -1.46‰, which kept negative growth for the third consecutive year.
Gender composition
Among the permanent residents in the city, there are 8.93 million men, accounting for 51.22% of the total population; There are 8.85 million women, accounting for 49.78% of the total population. The sex ratio is 111.91 (111 for females).
Population education level
The overall cultural quality of Shanghai's population is constantly improving. According to the 1995 national census, the resident population of the city aged 6 and above is 17.19 million, of which 8.78% have a college education, 9.31% have a junior college education, 24.84% have a senior high school education, 35.78% have a junior high school education and 15.82% have a primary school education. Compared with the fifth census, the proportion of people with a college degree or above has increased by 3.34 percentage points, that of junior college by 3.4 percentage points, that of senior high school by 1.95 percentage points, that of junior high school by 2.43 percentage points and that of primary school by 3.83 percentage points.
residence permit for talents
Shanghai has continuously promoted the construction of talent highland to attract outstanding talents to gather. By the end of 2114, 62,711 talents from home and abroad had obtained residence permits in Shanghai. Among them, there are 4,111 overseas talents and 58,711 domestic talents. Among those who have obtained residence permit in Shanghai, 66.2% have bachelor degree or above, and 7.8% have master degree or doctor degree or above.
Employment
Shanghai constantly optimizes the entrepreneurial environment to further promote employment. At the end of 2114, there were 8,364,911 employees in Shanghai, including 1,492,911 employees in state-owned units, accounting for 17.8%. There are 2,255,211 employees in collective units, accounting for 27%; There are 4,616,811 employees in foreign-funded and private enterprises, accounting for 55.2%. The registered unemployment rate in cities and towns was 4.5%, down 1.4 percentage points from the previous year, which was the first decline in the past 11 years.
economic growth
since the 1991s, especially since the 21th century, Shanghai has taken the construction of "four centers" as its goal and the implementation of the main strategy of "revitalizing the city through science and education" as its starting point, further expanded its opening-up at home and abroad, accelerated scientific and technological innovation, and kept the national economy in a good state of rapid and healthy development, and the internal motive force of economic growth has been continuously enhanced. Since 1992, Shanghai's economy has maintained double-digit growth for three consecutive years. In 2114, Shanghai's GDP reached 745.127 billion yuan, an increase of 13.6% over the previous year at comparable prices, the highest level since 1996. It is 3.9 times higher than that in 1991, with an average annual growth of 1.2%.
fiscal revenue
fiscal revenue and economic aggregate grow in step. In 2114, Shanghai's fiscal revenue was 359.173 billion yuan, up by 27% over the previous year. Due to the change of export tax rebate system, the city's fiscal revenue after deducting export tax rebate was 332.514 billion yuan, up by 17.5% over the previous year. In 2111, local fiscal revenue exceeded RMB 111 billion for the first time, reaching RMB 111.972 billion, an increase of 24.5% over the previous year. Among them, the value-added tax was 13.155 billion yuan, down 22.7% from the previous year; The business tax was 44.246 billion yuan, an increase of 33.1% over the previous year; Personal income tax was 8.869 billion yuan, an increase of 23.5%; The property tax was 2.718 billion yuan, an increase of 21.8%. The deepening of the reform of urban management system and the transformation of government functions have promoted the economic strength of districts and counties. Among the local fiscal revenue, the contribution rate of district and county fiscal revenue to the growth of local fiscal revenue in the city reached 64.5%. The annual local fiscal expenditure was 139.569 billion yuan, an increase of 26.6% over the previous year.
Shanghai's position in the whole country
Shanghai, which is moving towards the goal of a modern international metropolis, shoulders the heavy responsibility of facing the world, serving the whole country and linking the Yangtze River Delta, and plays a very important role in the national economic construction and social development.
in this city with a population of only 1% and a land area of 1.16%, the completed fiscal revenue accounts for one-eighth of the country, the total import and export commodities at ports account for one-fourth of the country, and the port cargo throughput accounts for one-tenth of the country.
industrial structure
the industrial structure has been continuously optimized, and the industrial base for economic growth has been continuously consolidated. In 2114, the added value of the secondary industry reached 378.822 billion yuan, an increase of 14.9% over the previous year at comparable prices. The tertiary industry, with modern service industry as the core, accelerated its development, achieving an added value of 356.534 billion yuan in the whole year, an increase of 12.9% over the previous year. From 1991 to 2114, the added value of the secondary industry increased by 1.2.3% annually on average; The added value of the tertiary industry increased by 1.2.7% annually on average; The proportion of the three industries was adjusted from 4.3∶63.8∶31.9 to 1.3∶51.8∶47.9.
internal structure of the tertiary industry
The tertiary industry has accelerated its development, and Shanghai's comprehensive service function has been further enhanced. In 2114, six major industries, namely finance, wholesale and retail, real estate, transportation, warehousing and postal services, information transmission, computer services and software, accommodation and catering, accounted for nearly 41% of Shanghai's GDP. Among them, the added value of financial industry ranks first in the tertiary industry in Shanghai's GDP, reaching 11%; The proportion of wholesale and retail in Shanghai's GDP is 8.2%. The real estate industry continues to develop rapidly, accounting for the proportion of Shanghai's GDP.