In this era when fast food restaurants are all over the streets, microwave ovens enter thousands of households, and fast food fills the shelves of shops, the nostalgia for traditional food is even more prominent. As for food, Chinese food is of course world-renowned and unique. In the west, French cuisine is also a household name, and everyone praises it.
when it comes to French cuisine, it starts with Henry IV the Great, king of France in the 6th century. Before he took office, France was still in a "wild" state of grasping rice by hand, and the so-called food was out of the question. All this was until Henry IV married an Italian princess. With the queen's marriage to France, a large number of Italian chefs accompanied her to Paris, and the queen herself was a "sister-in-law Ma" who loved the kitchen. Since then, the situation of food in Henry's court has taken on a new look, and many Italian delicacies have become popular in the court. And knives and forks became popular, and the French, under the leadership of Henry IV, began to learn to dance with knives and fork gracefully. In the late period of Henry IV, the court and even local lords hired chefs from Italy to hold banquets. On that day, the so-called aristocratic banquets were often held at the same time as eating, drinking and having fun, and both food and performances were eaten and served. Wandering poets and jugglers must perform during the dinner, and the dishes are served by the servants in turn, and the guests and guests taste them. Until the end of the banquet, the serving book has become a part of the performance. Riding on the east wind of the Renaissance, French cuisine also began to prosper, getting rid of the darkness and backwardness of the Middle Ages. However, there is still a gap from the real French cuisine.
By the time of Louis XIV, French cuisine had another chance to leap forward. With the rise of France's national strength during this period, and because Louis XIV himself also likes luxury, the luxury of French court meals has become the highest in Europe. James II, who was ousted because of the "glorious revolution", visited Versailles. In order to welcome him, Louis XIV held a grand banquet, which lasted for three days and nights, and at night it was also a night meal. So much so that afterwards, James II was greatly surprised by this. He recalled his past "bitter days" and repeatedly lamented that the previous dishes were eaten for nothing. At the same time, Louis XIV began to train French local chefs to get rid of the dependence on Italians. His practice is to hold a national cooking competition, and the winner will be recruited into the Palace of Versailles to award the so-called CORDO NBLEU, which has become the dream goal of all French chefs, and this award has been preserved to this day.
Louis XV later developed French cuisine on this basis. The social status of chefs has also been greatly improved, and they have become a noble and artistic profession. For a time, a hundred schools of thought contended in the French food market, and it was a thriving scene. In religious circles, Catholicism advocates the use of sugar, Protestantism advocates the use of butter, and in ideological circles Voltaire is the first to put mushrooms in turkeys to increase the flavor. Rousseau also became the earliest vegetarian in the West to oppose eating meat, and Diderot even said the following quip: "I can live without poetry, music, art, conscience, feelings, friends and books, but as a civilized person, I can't live without food." Lavalette, a famous French chef, first published The French Chef, the earliest food book in French history.
Dietary manners and customs have also begun to develop. In the past, at European banquets, every dish was a secret, and there was no so-called menu in order to surprise the guests like the programs performed. The only exception was that in 1521, Emperor Charles V of the Holy Roman Empire held an imperial meeting in Vorm to discuss Martin Luther, during which the Duke of Brunswick from Salzburg had the name of the dish written on a piece of parchment. In the era of Louis XV, this was followed by the French court. At that time, great efforts were made to describe the text of the menu, making it an organic part of the banquet, which made the guests' appetite open and salivating when ordering. Through the above, French cuisine has gradually developed its own system in terms of production, classification, serving methods and dining etiquette, and has also produced fruitful results. But it is the French Revolution that really makes French cuisine world-famous and well-known and recognized by all walks of life in various countries.
With the sound of guns in the Bastille, Louis XVI was guillotined and made a helpless farewell to the court food. French cuisine has not been negatively affected by this. With the revolution, a large number of court chefs fled to the people, and they began to open restaurants and restaurants in the streets of Paris to make a living. Therefore, with the emergence of these "imperial kitchens", a large number of court meals have become a delicacy that most French classes can enjoy. While enjoying them, the middle class also began to imitate the dining style and etiquette of the nobles in the past, coupled with the unique "petty bourgeoisie sentiment" and a little unique artistic charm. After that, there was a Napoleon in France. Because his tricolor flag was flying in almost the whole European continent, just as the slogan "freedom, equality and fraternity" was widely welcomed by the people of all countries, French cuisine was also spread to all countries with Napoleon's army. As a result, Goethe, a great German writer at that time, commented that "Napoleon's iron hoof conquered the monarch of Europe, while the French chef's food conquered everyone's stomach." This is the same as today, when American soldiers have traveled all over the world, McDonald's chain stores have also landed around the world. Big countries often carry out military power, but also promote "new diet ideas" in various countries. This is how Coca-Cola became popular all over the world during World War II. Digress, get back to the point. The food revolution caused by the Great Revolution, just like a powerful booster, really pushed French food to the throne of world food.
After Napoleon, French cuisine had a period of silence, but fortunately, it was sustained by a renaissance movement of a literary giant. This man is Dumas, who wrote The Three Musketeers and The Count of Monte Cristo. His last work in his life is not a novel or a script, but a thick Dictionary of Food. In his later years, he ate almost all the restaurants in Paris and became the first person in France to write food reviews. Everywhere he went, he ate and wrote notes, and almost all the chefs in major food shops became his friends. At that time, all the famous chefs in France praised Dumas as "bosom friend". This Dictionary of Gourmet is generally rated as "readable, readable and easy to use", which has become a classic in the catering industry in the 19 th century and has also become a tonic for the continuation of French cuisine. During the Franco-Prussian War, although the French army suffered repeated defeats on the battlefield, there was a poem by the Han people saying that "the country is unfortunate but the poet is fortunate" while for the French, "the country is unfortunate but the family is fortunate". During the siege of Paris by the Prussian army, due to the shortage of sources surrounding major restaurants, they opened their knives to the Paris Zoo one after another. Roasted camels, trapped donkey heads, cat-and-mouse platters, and even world-famous snails appeared on the menu of Paris diners at this time. The war was defeated, but French cuisine has been greatly enriched as never before, and it has further rushed to the peak of world cuisine. I think this is the so-called "two sides" of "dialectics".
Up to now, the industrialized fast food culture has not broken the traditional French cuisine. You can often hear the news that farmers smashed McDonald's fast food restaurants in * * *. The tradition of eating is even stronger. For example, the French basically only eat clams in the months with the letter R in their names, that is, in the past May, June and July, because it was difficult to preserve this food in the past three months, that is, in summer. There is a refrigerator today, but the French still stubbornly adhere to this habit. Another example is that when President Mitterrand held the g-7 summit in Paris, he held a luxurious dinner according to the tradition left by Jean-Jacques de-Gon Basele, the Secretary of State during the Napoleonic Empire, and informed the newspaper to publish the menu, so that the Chinese people could have an eye addiction and enjoy it with the people.
In fact, the so-called "food culture", as a part of culture, can often be a side mirror. It is inextricably linked with a nation's historical tradition.
The French have an indescribable ambivalence about the topic of Chinese food on the plate and cooking. They are deeply proud of their reputation as "gourmets", but they are greatly annoyed at seeing them as fair-weather people. In fact, Descartes, a world-famous French philosopher, pays attention to eating and drinking, and Pascal, another French philosopher, Pasteur, a French chemist and bacteriologist, lavoisier, the originator of modern French chemistry, and Charles de Gaulle are no less in this respect. France's Concorde, luxury high-speed trains, advanced laser research and nuclear strike force are also counted in the world. But none of these, people's impression of France is still cream chocolate and wine cooked tender fried chicken.
people also go to other parts of the world to enjoy delicious meals, even incomparable delicious meals, such as in Italy. However, due to the chance of history, the natural beauty of the French, and people's diligence in innovation, the French have established an extraordinary relationship with diet after centuries. Now, other parts of the world are also studying how to improve their cooking skills, but no matter how hard they work, the ability to appreciate wine and food is still illegal. It's no accident. The French have been groping for a long time before they get into the good world.
French Bread
When you step into the French city, every bakery immediately comes into view. The well-dressed shop assistants are all smiles and politely receive visitors from all directions. French people have the habit of eating while walking, and children also like to take long bread in their hands and munch on it at school. Sometimes, they use bread as a stick, chasing and stabbing, which has a unique taste.
Remote villages are no exception. No matter whether it's a small hotel or a big restaurant, as long as you choose a table, the clever waiter will come up immediately and respectfully offer you a basket of white bread. At this point, you just sit and eat your sweet bread slowly, without worrying that no one will bring you wine and food.
French restaurants, big or small, generally have no bakeries. The shop is close to the bakery, sometimes separated by a board, in order to facilitate delivery.
When buying bread in France, you should bring your own container, because bread is bare and rarely packaged. It is the most interesting for children to buy bread. They put long bread into an open jacket one by one and send it home casually.
French cuisine is famous all over the world. When you come to France, you can wear formal dresses and enjoy authentic French dinners. You can also sip mellow grapes, enjoy foie gras and lobsters in restaurants with popular tastes. Dessert after a meal is a delicious food that can't be missed.
In Paris, it's easy to find a restaurant. Restaurants can be seen everywhere in the capital of this gourmet country. It can be said that there are all kinds of restaurants, which set off the prosperous and gorgeous atmosphere of Paris. Visitors can not only eat authentic French food and simply fill their stomachs, but also have an excellent leisure experience.
In Lyon, the second largest city in France, one of its authentic dishes is the famous Lyon sausage, which is a good French dish. Another Lyon dish-Lyon visceral sausage with fried onions is filled with calf liver and minced pig's feet, which is worth a try. Lyon's cheese is world-famous, with more than 1,111 kinds, so it has a completely different taste. In addition to directly slicing it, you can also add melted cheese to wine, or mix it with cold meat, potatoes, etc., which is the top grade to supplement your physical strength.
Special attention: Generally, French restaurants serve lunch from 12: 11 to 14: 11, and dinner from 19: 11 to 22: 31 or later. Formal restaurant dishes are more exquisite, and the cost is higher. Reservations need to be made in advance, and some of them need formal clothes. It is best to confirm them in advance. The beer house provides seafood cold cuts and traditional dishes, and its business hours are long, from breakfast to midnight snack; The small home cooking restaurant provides traditional home cooking at a lower price; The cafeteria is charged according to the dishes taken, and the price is cheaper than that of ordinary restaurants; Pancake shop provides a simple roadside restaurant, specializing in sweet or salty pancakes, suitable for ordering cider; In addition to coffee drinks, cafes also provide simple dishes, such as hamburger fries; In the afternoon, the teahouse serves sweets, tea, salads and pies.
Paris is famous for its French cuisine: foie gras, traditional snacks, cheese and wine, etc. Paris can meet all your needs for food tasting. French cuisine is world-famous. There are 25,111 restaurants in Paris alone. Some restaurants are very luxurious, but there are also ordinary restaurants that feel very warm, but no matter what kind of restaurant, you will have unexpected surprises when dining.
French cuisine is one of the three greatest cuisines in the world. In France, everything related to eating is regarded as a sacrament, because it provides two most appreciated aesthetic enjoyment at the same time-food and conversation. In addition to the exquisite taste, the collocation of wine and dishes and elegant dining etiquette are all prerequisites for entering French cuisine. You can't go to France without ordering famous dishes such as truffles and foie gras. Although the weight is small, it is very delicate and worth tasting slowly.
it is suggested that you don't need to order all the dishes when ordering, you can do what you can and depend on your budget. Generally, there are several grades of French restaurants: Bistrot (home-cooked restaurant), Brasserie (small restaurant) and Gastronomie, and the consumption quota also rises with different grades. It should be noted that when you want to go to a high-end restaurant, you should make an appointment in advance, wear a suit jacket and tie for men, and a dress or suit for women.
Good food must be accompanied by good wine, or the right wine. French people are used to eating red wine with red meat or heavy dishes, while white wine with chicken and seafood. It is a common phenomenon that red wine and white wine appear on the dining table at noon and dinner, which are generally called wine in meals. The order of serving French food is: 1 appetizer; 2 soup or salad (seafood); 3 smoothies; 4 main course; 5 salad (vegetable leaves); 6 cheese plate; 7 dessert; 8 coffee or tea, don't forget to pay attention to it next time you have the opportunity to taste French food.
[ foie gras]
French cuisine, which plays an important role in modern European cuisine, is often used as the blueprint for serving and menu combination in first-class restaurants and hotels. Among French cuisine, French fried foie gras is known as the world's three greatest cuisines.
The Romans probably knew how to cook fried foie gras more than 2,111 years ago. Later, in the period of Louis XVI, France, foie gras was deeply loved after being paid tribute to the French court. Since then, it has become a delicacy widely used in the court. At that time, many well-known musicians, writers and celebrities competed to praise it, and since then it has established its position as a top food.
Since foie gras can be regarded as the top food in the world, the feeding process of geese has its own uniqueness. Within 14 weeks after hatching, geese will be kept outdoors to provide a natural environment, so that their immunity can be greatly enhanced. After 14 weeks, the breeders began to force feed the geese with special millet three times a day for four weeks. In order to avoid that geese will only be nervous or even die during this forced feeding process, all geese will be one-on-one