Air pollution mainly refers to the chemical pollution of the atmosphere. There are many kinds of chemical pollutants in the atmosphere, and dozens of them are seriously harmful to human body. The air pollution in China belongs to coal-burning pollution, and the main pollutants are soot and sulfur dioxide, as well as nitrogen oxides and carbon monoxide. These pollutants mainly enter the human body through the respiratory tract, and are directly transported from the blood to the whole body without detoxification of the liver. Therefore, the chemical pollution of the atmosphere is very harmful to human health. This kind of harm can be divided into three types: chronic poisoning, acute poisoning and carcinogenesis.

The concentration of chemical pollutants in the atmosphere of chronic poisoning is generally low, which mainly produces chronic toxic effects on human body. Scientific research shows that chemical pollution in urban air is an important cause of chronic bronchitis, emphysema and bronchial asthma. Acute Poisoning When the factory emits a lot of harmful gases and there is no wind and fog, the chemical pollutants in the atmosphere are not easy to disperse, which will cause acute poisoning. For example, in 196 1 year, three petrochemical enterprises in Niigata, Japan continuously discharged a large number of chemical pollutants such as sulfur dioxide, and windless weather caused asthma among local residents. Later, the local air pollution was controlled and the incidence of asthma decreased.

Carcinogenesis Among the chemical pollutants in the atmosphere, there are polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (such as 3,4-benzopyrene) and lead-containing compounds, among which 3,4-benzopyrene has the strongest effect on lung cancer. The smoke produced by burning coal, cars and cigarettes contains a lot of 3,4-benzopyrene. Chemical pollutants in the atmosphere can also fall into water, soil and crops, and be absorbed and enriched by crops, thus endangering human health.

Air pollution also includes biological pollution and radioactive pollution. Biological pollutants in the atmosphere mainly include pathogenic bacteria, mold spores and pollen. Pathogens can make people suffer from infectious diseases such as tuberculosis, and mold spores and pollen can cause allergic reactions in some people. Radioactive pollutants in the atmosphere mainly come from radioactive wastes from the atomic energy industry and medical X-ray sources, which are easy to cause skin cancer and leukemia.

Two major earthquake zones in the world

Pacific Rim Seismic Belt: It is distributed around the Pacific Ocean, like a huge garland, separating the mainland from the ocean.

Eurasian earthquake: From the Mediterranean Sea to the east, one passes through Central Asia to the Himalayas, then passes through the Hengduan Mountains in China to the south, passes through Myanmar, turns eastward in an arc and reaches Indonesia, and the other extends from Central Asia to the northeast and reaches kamchatka peninsula, with scattered distribution.

Main seismic belts in China

China is located between two major earthquake zones in the world, and it is a country with many earthquakes. The seismic zones are mainly distributed in the southeast of Taiwan Province Province and Fujian coastal areas, Taihang Mountain in North China, Beijing-Tianjin-Tangshan-Bohai area, Qinghai-Tibet Plateau in Southwest China and Yunnan.

A way to save lives

According to the actual situation of the post-earthquake environment and conditions, effective rescue methods should be adopted in order to safely rescue the buried people from the ruins.

Through understanding and searching, it is determined that there are buried people in the ruins, and then the buried position is judged, and the rescue signal is transmitted by shouting or knocking on the ruins.

During the rescue, special attention should be paid to the safety of the buried personnel. First, the tools used (such as iron bars, hoes, sticks, etc.). ) should not hurt buried personnel; Second, don't destroy the supporting conditions around the space where the buried personnel are located, causing new collapse and making the buried personnel in distress again; Third, communicate with the closed space of buried personnel as soon as possible, so that fresh air can flow to people. If the dust is too large during excavation, water should be sprayed to reduce dust to avoid suffocation of buried personnel; Fourth, if you are buried for a long time and it is difficult to rescue for a while, you can try to deliver drinking water, food and medicine to the buried people to maintain their lives.

Before the rescue operation, we should plan and step by step, and consider where to dig, where not to dig, where to use hoes and where to use sticks.

In the past, rescuers acted blindly, stepping on the roof above the buried person and crushing the buried person to death. Therefore, in the process of rescue, scientific analysis and action are needed to get good rescue effect, and blind action often causes new harm to the rescued object.

Rescue and nursing

First of all, the head of the buried person is exposed from the ruins, and the dust in the nose and mouth is removed to ensure smooth breathing. For those who are seriously injured and can't leave the burial site by themselves, try to carefully remove the buried objects on and around them, and then carry the buried people out of the ruins without forcibly dragging them.

For those who are hungry and cold, injured and suffocated, and buried for a long time, cover their eyes with dark cloth after being rescued to avoid strong light stimulation. According to the severity of the injury, the injured person shall be bandaged or sent to a medical point for emergency treatment.

Main points of shock absorption

Whether to run or hide during an earthquake, most experts in our country believe that it is a better way to avoid nearby during an earthquake and evacuate to a safe place quickly after the earthquake. Shock absorption should be chosen in a solid place indoors, under (next to) objects that can cover the body, which is easy to form a triangular space, a small place with support, and an open and safe place indoors.

The posture that the body should take:

Lie down, squat or sit down, try to curl up and lower your center of gravity.

Grab a solid object, such as a table leg.

Protect your head, neck and eyes, and cover your mouth and nose.

Avoid crowds, don't crowd around, and don't light open flames casually, because there may be flammable and explosive gases in the air.

School shock absorption

In class, under the command of the teacher, hold your head quickly, close your eyes and hide under the desk.

When you are in the playground or outdoors, you can squat down in place, protect your head with your hands, and pay attention to avoiding tall buildings or dangerous objects.

Don't go back to the classroom

Evacuation should be organized after the earthquake.

Never jump off a building! Don't stand outside the window! Don't go to the balcony

Classes should be held outdoors when necessary.

Family shock absorption

The earthquake warning time is short, and the indoor shock absorption is more real, and the triangular space formed after the collapse of indoor houses is often a relatively safe living place for people, which can be called shock absorption space. This mainly refers to the space formed by large collapsed bodies and supports.

Indoor triangular space is easy to form:

Under the edge of the kang, close to solid furniture;

Root and corner of interior wall;

Kitchen, bathroom, storage room and other small places.

Shock absorption in public places

Listen to the instructions of the field staff, don't panic, don't rush to the exit, avoid crowding, avoid crowds, and avoid being pushed to the wall or fence.

In theatres, gymnasiums, etc:

Squat down on the spot or under a row of chairs;

Pay attention to avoid hanging objects such as chandeliers and electric fans;

Protect your head with a schoolbag, etc.

After the earthquake, listen to the command of the staff and evacuate in an organized manner.

In shopping malls, bookstores, exhibitions, subways, etc.:

Choose solid counters and commodities (such as low furniture, etc.). ) or pillars, and squat down in the inner corner, and protect your head with your hands or other things; Avoid glass doors and windows, glass windows or counters; Avoid tall and unstable shelves or shelves with heavy objects and fragile items; Avoid tall or hanging objects, such as billboards and chandeliers.

In a moving electric (automobile) vehicle:

Grasp the handrail to avoid falling or bumping; Lower your center of gravity and hide near your seat.

Don't get off until the earthquake has passed.

Outdoor shock absorption

Field selection of outdoor shock absorber;

Squat or get down to avoid falling;

Don't run around and avoid crowded places;

Don't go back indoors casually.

Avoid tall buildings or structures:

Buildings, especially those with glass curtain walls;

Crossing bridges and overpasses;

Under tall chimneys and water towers.

Avoid dangerous objects, towering or hanging objects:

Transformer, telephone pole, street lamp, etc. ;

Billboards, cranes, etc.

Avoid other dangerous places:

Narrow streets;

Dangerous old houses, dangerous walls;

Under the parapet, high gate face and awning;

Bricks, wood and other things piled up.

How to save yourself after a strong earthquake

1, after the earthquake, you should actively participate in the rescue work, you can stick your ear on the wall and listen to whether there are survivors.

2. Expose the head of the injured person first and keep breathing smoothly. If suffocation occurs, give artificial respiration immediately.

3. Once buried, try to avoid unstable collapsed objects above your body and try to support the rubble with bricks and wooden sticks. To strengthen the environment.

The earthquake happened in an instant, so anyone should save himself before saving others. First save the easy, then save the difficult; First save near, then save far.

How to identify earthquake rumors

1. To correctly understand the actual level of earthquake prediction at home and abroad, the medium-and long-term predictions made by human beings have certain credibility at present, but the success rate of short-term and imminent predictions is still relatively low.

2. It needs to be clear that in China, the authority to issue earthquake prediction lies with the government, and no other unit or individual has the right to issue earthquake prediction news. Treat earthquake rumors, don't believe them, don't spread them, and report them in time.

3. Learn the common sense of earthquakes and eliminate the fear of earthquakes.

4. Don't believe in rumors and snap up blindly.

When a big earthquake comes, experts suggest that family members should master three principles:

Principle 1: Make the right choice according to local conditions. During the earthquake, everyone's environment and conditions are very different, and the way of shock absorption can't be the same, which needs specific analysis. These conditions include: whether to live in a bungalow or a building, whether the earthquake occurred during the day or at night, whether the house is strong, whether there is room for shock absorption indoors, how far away you are from the door, and whether it is open and safe outdoors.

Principle 2: act decisively and never hesitate. The success of the shock absorber is at a critical juncture, and we must not hesitate before and after. If you live in a bungalow, you should act decisively, or take refuge nearby, or go out in an emergency, and don't rush back and forth.

Principle 3: Eat your bread and taste your guts, and don't get sick. The ancients once recorded in the "Earthquake Records": "You can't get sick when you die, you have to wait for the earthquake to pass. Even if there is a nest, you can finish eating the eggs. " That is to say, when an earthquake happens, don't rush out of the house, but take the time to find a suitable damping place and take the form of squatting or sitting down until the earthquake passes, so that even if the house collapses, people can be safe and sound.

Three strategies for shock absorption of high-rise buildings

Experts suggest that in Beijing, a metropolis dominated by architecture, residents should consciously master some scientific and applicable earthquake prevention strategies.

Strategy 1: Stay calm during the earthquake and go outdoors after the earthquake. This is an international standard for earthquake prevention. Many earthquake examples at home and abroad show that people are most likely to be killed or injured when they enter or leave buildings in a short time. Therefore, experts remind that indoor shock absorption conditions are good, and indoor shock absorption must be selected first. If the building has poor earthquake resistance, try to run out of the room.

According to the relevant national standards, residential buildings in Beijing should have the ability to resist the damage of the 8-degree earthquake. Experts suggest that don't panic when an earthquake occurs, keep your vision open and mobile, and let the camera move. Especially don't stay in bed; Don't run to the balcony; Don't run to the corridor where there are many people; Don't jump off a building; Don't use the elevator. If there is an earthquake, you should leave the elevator as soon as possible. If the door won't open, hold your head down. In addition, it is necessary to immediately put out the fire and cut off the power supply to prevent burns, electric shocks and fires.

Strategy 2: The position of shock absorber is very important. If you live in a building shock absorber, you can judge the situation according to the building layout and indoor conditions and find a safe space to escape. It is best to find a place where a triangular space can be formed. It's safer to squat next to the heater, which is very important. The reticular structure and elasticity of metal pipes are not easy to be torn, and it is not easy to be thrown out even if there is a big earthquake. The heating pipe is well ventilated, which is not easy to cause suffocation; The water stored in the pipeline can also prolong the survival period. More importantly, trapped people can send information to the outside world by tapping the heating pipe, and the location of the heating near the external wall is conducive to getting help as soon as possible.

Hiding in a small room like kitchen and bathroom, pay special attention to stay away from stoves, gas pipes and fragile dishes. If the kitchen and bathroom are located in the corner of the building and the partition wall is thin-walled, don't choose it as the best location for shock absorption. In addition, don't get into cabinets or boxes, because once people get into them, they will immediately lose their mobility, their vision will be blocked, and their limbs will be tied, which not only misses the opportunity to escape, but also is not conducive to being rescued; Poor lying posture increases the plane area of human body, and the probability of being hit is five times greater than that of standing posture, making it difficult to maneuver.

Strategy 3: near water is not close to fire, but outside rather than inside. This is an important principle to ensure timely assistance from others in urban earthquakes. Stay away from gas stoves, gas pipelines and household appliances; Don't choose the internal position of the building, try to be close to the external wall, but don't hide under the window; Try to get close to the water source. Once trapped, try to contact the outside world. In addition to using a mobile phone, you can also use water pipes and radiators or turn on a flashlight. (Cai, Fu Yang)

Tips for family shock absorption

1. Take time to avoid danger urgently. If you feel that the shaking is very light, it means that the source is far away. Just hide under solid furniture. The shaking process from the beginning to the end of a major earthquake takes only ten seconds to dozens of seconds, so it is most important to seize the time to prevent earthquakes, so don't delay the time.

2. Choose a suitable shockproof space. The safer indoor earthquake-proof space is: the root and corner of the load-bearing wall; There are water pipes and warm air pipes. The most unfavorable places for shock absorption in the house are: unsupported beds; Under the ceiling and chandelier; On the floor without support around; Next to the glass (including the mirror) and the big window.

3. Do a good job of self-protection. First of all, you should be calm. After choosing the shelter, you should squat or sit down, face down and rest with your forehead on your arm. Or grab a solid object around you, such as a table leg, to avoid falling down during an earthquake or being injured due to out-of-control displacement of the body; Protect your head and neck, bow your head, and protect your head or back neck with your hands; Protect your eyes, lower your head and close your eyes to prevent foreign body injury; Protect your mouth and nose. If possible, cover your nose and mouth with a wet towel to prevent dust and toxic gases.

10 earthquake notes

1. For the personal safety of yourself and your family, please hide under solid furniture such as tables.

The shaking time is about 1 min. This is the first thing that should be considered is the personal safety of yourself and your family. First, hide under a solid table with a low center of gravity and hold the legs tightly. In places where there is no table to hide, protect your head with cushions and other things anyway.

2. Turn off the fire immediately when shaking, and put out the fire immediately in case of fire.

When there is a big earthquake, there will also be situations where you can't rely on fire engines to put out the fire. Therefore, the efforts of each of us to turn off the fire is an important factor to control the earthquake disaster to a minimum.

Get into the habit of turning off even a small earthquake.

In order to prevent the fire from causing great disaster, it is self-evident that it is extremely important for the family to help each other and put out the fire early.

During an earthquake, there are three opportunities to put out the fire:

The first chance is that a big earthquake occurs before a small one.

At the moment when they felt the small shaking, they immediately greeted: "Earthquake! Turn off the fire! " Turn off the heating stove, gas stove, etc.

A second chance after the earthquake stopped.

Turn off the fire as soon as there is a big shake, and the kettle on the gas stove and heating stove will slide down, which is very dangerous.

When the shaking stopped, he shouted again, "Turn off the fire! Turn off the fire! " Turn off the fire.

The third chance was after the fire.

Even if there is a fire, it can be put out within 1-2 minutes. In order to put out the fire quickly, always put the fire extinguisher and bucket near the fire point.

Don't panic and run outside.

After the earthquake, running out in a panic, broken glass, roof tiles, billboards, etc. are very dangerous. Fall down and hit you. In addition, cement prefabricated walls and vending machines are also in danger of collapse. Don't go near these objects.

4. Open the door and ensure the exit.

Houses with reinforced concrete structures, etc. Has been locked in the house because of the dislocation of doors and windows caused by earthquake shaking. Please open the door and ensure the exit.

Usually, you should think about how to escape if you are locked in the house, and prepare ladders and ropes.

5. In outdoor situations, protect your head and avoid dangerous places.

When the earth shakes violently and stands unsteadily, people will have the psychology of leaning over and grasping something. Most of the doorposts and walls around you will be supported. However, these seemingly solid things are actually dangerous.

During the undersea earthquake in Miyagi Prefecture 1987, Japan, many people were killed or injured due to the collapse of precast concrete walls and doorposts. Be sure not to get close to cement precast slab walls, doorposts, etc.

In busy streets and buildings, the most dangerous thing is that things like glass windows and billboards fall and hurt people. Pay attention to protect your head with your hands or handbags.

In addition, pay attention to the situation that the vending machine falls over and hurts people.

In the building area, according to the situation, it is safer to enter the building to avoid.

6. In department stores and theaters, follow the instructions of the staff.

In places where there are many people in department stores and underground streets, the most terrible thing is chaos. Please follow the instructions of the store staff and security guards.

As far as earthquakes are concerned, it is said that underground streets are relatively safe. Even if there is a power failure, the emergency lighting will come on immediately. Please take action calmly.

In case of fire, it will be filled with smoke immediately. Take refuge in a low body posture and don't smoke at all.

If you take the elevator

In case of an earthquake or fire, you can't use the elevator. In case there is an earthquake when you take the elevator, please press all the buttons on each floor on the operation panel. Once stopped, leave the elevator quickly and take refuge after confirming safety.

Elevators in high-rise buildings and recent buildings are equipped with devices to control operation. When an earthquake happens, it will automatically stop at the nearest floor.

If you are locked in the elevator, please contact the management room for help through the dedicated telephone in the elevator.

7. The car is parked on the side of the road, and driving is prohibited in the controlled area.

In the event of a major earthquake, the car will be like a flat tire, unable to grasp the steering wheel and difficult to drive. You must pay full attention to avoid the intersection and park your car on the side of the road. In order not to hinder the passage of evacuees and emergency vehicles, we should give way to the middle part of the road.

Most roads in the urban area will be completely closed. Pay full attention to car radio broadcasting. If there is a policeman nearby, you should follow his instructions.

When you need to take refuge, in order not to get involved in the fire, please close the window, put the car keys in the car, don't lock the door, and act with the local people.

8. Be sure to pay attention to landslides, falling rocks or tsunamis.

On hillsides and steep slopes, there is danger of landslides and falling rocks, so you should take refuge in a safe place quickly.

On the coast, there is a danger of encountering a tsunami. If you are aware of an earthquake or issue a tsunami warning, please pay attention to the information on radio and TV and take refuge in a safe place quickly.

9. Walk when taking refuge, and take as few personal belongings as possible.

When the fire caused by the earthquake spreads and burns, and life and personal safety are in danger, take refuge measures. In principle, people's disaster prevention organizations, streets, etc. You should take refuge on foot under the leadership of the person in charge and the police, and carry as few items as possible. Never take refuge by car or bike.

The cooperation and mutual assistance of local residents is indispensable for patients to take refuge. Usually, neighbors need to agree on the way to take refuge in advance.

10. Don't listen to rumors and don't act rashly.

In the event of a major earthquake, people are easily shaken psychologically. In order to prevent confusion, it is extremely important for everyone to act calmly based on correct information.

Get correct information from portable radios, etc. Trust the information obtained directly from the government, police and fire prevention agencies, and never believe irresponsible gossip, let alone make a move.

The usual preparatory work

1. Are the security measures in your house foolproof?

The usual preparation work is the basis of keeping the victims to a minimum.

Do a good job in fixing large wardrobes, sideboards, kitchens and refrigerators to prevent dumping.

Stick transparent film or adhesive tape on the glass of sideboards, kitchens, windows, etc. To prevent the glass from splashing around when it is broken.

In order to prevent the cupboard door from opening due to earthquake shaking and the contents from falling out, hinges are installed on the cupboard door and closet door to fix it.

Don't put TV sets, vases, etc. In a higher place.

In order to prevent the glass fragments scattered on the ground from hurting people, thick slippers are usually prepared.

Pay attention to the placement of furniture to ensure a safe space.

Pay full attention to the management and storage of fire-fighting appliances and dangerous goods such as kerosene heaters.

Strengthen the cement precast slab wall to make it strong and not easy to collapse.

2. Are the emergency supplies ready?

(1) drinking water (2) food, baby milk powder (3) first-aid medicine (4) portable radio, flashlight, dry battery (5) cash, valuables (6) underwear, towels, toilet paper, etc.

3. From peacetime, establish a cooperative system of neighborhood mutual assistance.

When a big earthquake happens, it can be expected that it will cause great disasters on a large scale. In this case, it is impossible for fire engines and ambulances to be on call. Therefore, it is necessary to communicate with local residents through streets and other organizations in peacetime, and establish a system of mutual assistance and cooperation to deal with fires and wounded people.

Generally speaking, once something happens, neighbors should discuss the system of mutual assistance and cooperation.

Actively participate in civil disaster prevention organizations.

Actively participate in disaster prevention training.

Emergency preparedness for imminent earthquake

In areas where the imminent prediction of destructive earthquakes has been released, the following emergency work should be done:

1. Prepare emergency items in case of earthquake. After the earthquake, the production and supply of food, medicine and other necessities will be affected. Water towers and water pipes are often damaged by earthquakes, resulting in the interruption of water supply. In order to overcome the initial difficulties after the earthquake, society and families should prepare a certain amount of food, water and daily necessities before the earthquake to solve the urgent needs.

2. It is also an important issue to build a shelter for the coming earthquake. The house was damaged by the earthquake and needed a place to live; Aftershocks keep coming, so there should be a hiding place. Therefore, it is necessary to temporarily build a shockproof shed that is shockproof, fireproof, cold-proof and rain-proof. All kinds of tents can be used, and the small round barn for storing grain in rural areas is also a good earthquake-resistant house.

3. Delineate evacuation places and transport dangerous goods: the city is densely populated, and it is difficult for people to evacuate from the earthquake. In order to ensure the safety of people during the earthquake, people should be allocated according to streets and districts before the earthquake, and evacuation routes and places nearby should be delineated. Before the earthquake, inflammable, explosive and toxic substances should be transported to the city for storage in time.

4. Set up an emergency center for the wounded in a place with strong earthquake resistance in the city, or set up an emergency center outside the city, and prepare beds, medical equipment, lighting equipment and medicines.

5. Suspension of public activities After receiving the official notice of the impending earthquake prediction, all kinds of public places should suspend their activities and the audience or customers should evacuate in an orderly manner; Primary and secondary schools can temporarily attend classes outdoors; The station pier can wait in the open air.

6. Organize personnel to evacuate and transfer important property. If you get a formal warning or notice of impending earthquake, you should quickly and orderly mobilize and organize the masses to evacuate the house. Seriously ill patients who are being treated should be moved to a safe place. For a few people with mental paralysis, they should also be mobilized to safety. Large livestock, tractors and other means of production in rural areas should be properly transferred to safety before the earthquake, and vehicles of government agencies, enterprises and institutions should leave the garage and park in an open place in order to play a role in earthquake relief.

7. Prevent the occurrence of secondary disasters. Serious secondary disasters may occur when earthquakes occur in cities, especially in chemical plants, gas plants and other units prone to earthquake secondary disasters. It is necessary to strengthen the assessment management and assign special personnel to stand guard and be on duty day and night.

8. Ensure the security of confidential departments. There are many confidential departments and banks in the city. During the earthquake, security precautions should be strengthened to prevent the loss of state-owned assets and the disclosure of secrets. The vehicles of the fire brigade must be out of the warehouse, and the firemen should be ready to go, so as to put out the fire in time and reduce economic losses.

9. Organize rescue teams and arrange production reasonably. Before the earthquake, governments at all levels should organize rescue and relief teams (rescue, medical care, fire protection, water supply, power supply, communication, etc.). ) On the spot. When necessary, some factories should suspend production or run at low load under the unified instruction of the earthquake prevention headquarters.

10. Be prepared for earthquake prevention at home. Residents in areas where earthquake prediction has been issued must make good preparations for earthquake prevention at home, make a good plan for earthquake prevention at home, and promptly investigate and eliminate hidden dangers that are not conducive to earthquake prevention at home. (1) Inspection and reinforcement of houses. Buildings that are not conducive to earthquake resistance should be reinforced, and dangerous buildings that are not suitable for reinforcement should be evacuated. Heavy house decorations, such as parapets and high doors, should be removed. ⑵ Place furniture and articles reasonably, fix tall furniture to prevent people from dumping, and take shelter under solid furniture during the earthquake; Furniture items should be placed "above the bottom", and the hanging objects on the wall should be taken down and put in a fixed position to prevent people from falling; Clean up the sundries and keep the doorway and corridor clear; Balcony parapet should be cleaned, flowerpots and sundries should be removed; Flammable, explosive and toxic substances should be placed in a safe place; (3) Prepare necessary shockproof articles and a family shockproof bag, including food, water, emergency lights, simple medicines, ropes, radios, etc. , and put it anywhere for easy access. (4) Conduct family earthquake drills, emergency evacuation drills and "one-minute emergency avoidance" drills.

Earthquake emergency

First, the earthquake was sudden. In the event of a destructive earthquake, the government in the earthquake-stricken area should do the following emergency work:

1. According to the local destructive earthquake emergency plan, announce the earthquake relief headquarters, release the earthquake situation bulletin, urgently mobilize all forces to carry out self-help and mutual rescue, and quickly rescue the buried personnel.

2. Send rescue and relief teams and allocate earthquake relief materials, and organize medical, engineering rescue, rescue and emergency transportation teams for materials. Go to the disaster area in an orderly manner to rescue life and property and eliminate engineering dangers.

3. Repair damaged transportation and communication facilities, ensure the smooth communication between the affected government, especially the command system, and the outside world, restore water supply and power supply facilities, and repair damaged key projects such as water conservancy, chemical industry and nuclear industry.

4. Put out the fire in time to prevent the leakage of toxic, flammable and explosive gases and prevent the occurrence of plague.

5. Quickly identify habitable dormitories, build temporary earthquake-proof sheds, designate evacuation points, distribute relief materials and food, and properly resettle the victims. Strengthen public security management and traffic control, and maintain social order.

6. Investigate and evaluate the earthquake disaster losses in time, especially the number of casualties, and report them to the higher authorities quickly, while stabilizing and encouraging the disaster situation? Br> references:

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