For a long time, China's annual per capita income of less than 786 yuan of the population called the "absolute poor", by the end of 2007, the number of absolute poor population of 14.97 million; per capita income of 786 yuan to 1,067 yuan of annual income is called "relative poverty", also known as "relative poverty", also known as "poverty". Those with an annual per capita income between 786 yuan and 1,067 yuan are called the "relative poor", also known as the "low-income population", and by the end of 2007, the low-income population numbered 28.41 million.
After the upward adjustment of the poverty alleviation standard, the two lines of "absolute poverty line" and "low-income population line" were merged into a single line, and the target group of poverty alleviation and development was added to the original 14.97 million people of "absolute poverty population", and the target group of poverty alleviation and development was added to the original 14.97 million people of "absolute poverty population". On top of the original 14.97 million "absolute poor", there are 28.41 million "low-income population", totaling about 43.2 million people, accounting for 4.6% of the entire rural population.
The person in charge of the Poverty Alleviation Office of the State Council said, now raise the poverty alleviation standard, means that the original 28.41 million "low-income population" will also enjoy the national poverty alleviation policy, indicating that China's ability to benefit more poor people, is a manifestation of the improvement of the national strength. In the future, the poverty alleviation standard will be raised gradually as the country's comprehensive strength increases, so as to promote the enjoyment of the fruits of reform and development by the entire population... In order to realize the effective convergence of poverty alleviation and development with the rural low income insurance system, in 2009 our province launched the work of "two categories of population" in rural areas. How to make use of the results of the "two types of population" file-establishment card to study and formulate poverty-alleviation policies and measures for households is a topic that needs to be resolved urgently. To this end, the Provincial Poverty Alleviation Office research team in-depth Dawu, Baokang County, 8 townships (towns) 10 villages, to carry out the rural poor households "100 investigation".
Poor households with low levels of income, the expansion of production capacity is weak
Focused on the survey of the hundred poor households where the village is a key poverty-stricken villages. At present, the 10 villages*** have 2039 households and 8352 people, of which 829 households and 2789 people are recognized by their families and villages as poor households with an annual per capita net income of less than 1196 yuan, with the incidence of poverty reaching 33.4%. Excluding civil aid recipients, 544 households and 2,230 people belonging to those who have the ability to work and the desire to get rid of poverty can be implemented to alleviate poverty through development, accounting for 26.67% of the total number of households and 26.7% of the total population. The research team randomly selected 100 households and 340 people among the 544 households to carry out detailed household interviews focusing on income.
Income level is low. in 2008, the total income of the 100 poor households was 429,599 yuan, with an average of 4,596 yuan per household, 1,263 yuan per capita, and net income of 908 yuan per capita after deducting the cost of production.
Single source of income. The income of 100 poor households from farming accounted for 58.7% of the total income, of which 41 households and 111 persons were purely agricultural households, accounting for 41% and 32.6% of the total respectively. More than half of the farming households have income from labor, mostly from odd jobs and short-term jobs, and most of them are working nearby. 2008, the average household income from labor of 1,197 yuan, per capita 352 yuan.
The existing income can only sustain a low level of survival. According to a calculation of 50 poor households surveyed in Dawu County, the Engel coefficient (food expenditure as a share of income) was 70 percent for the lowest households and 90 percent for the highest. According to the standards of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), an Engel's coefficient of 60% is a threshold value for solving the problem of subsistence and escaping from existential poverty, which shows that these 50 households are still in existential poverty. The situation of the 50 households surveyed in Baokang County is largely similar.
Expanded reproduction capacity is quite fragile. The income of the poor households is too low, so that they have little accumulation for expanding reproduction beyond maintaining basic survival.
Irrational consumption structure, rigid expenditure leads to indebtedness of poor households
Currently, in the rural areas, farmers' rigid consumption expenditures, such as education and medical care, are not completely exempted because of the low incomes of poor households. Poor households have to borrow and spend, "overdraft" consumption, the result is a more difficult life, more financial constraints, into the "poverty swamp".
One is the large expenditure on education. According to the survey, some relatively open-minded farmers, hope that the children through the study to change the poverty situation. But the reality of "socialization and industrialization of education", adding to the burden of farmers' families. According to the survey, a high school student in Baokang County has to pay at least 3,000 yuan a year for tuition and miscellaneous fees, training fees and living expenses. In the annual per capita net income of less than 1,000 yuan of poor families to pay for their children to study in high school, can only raise debt.
The second is the large medical expenses. The 10 villages surveyed poor household labor force ****1525 people, frail and sick and suffering from serious illnesses up to 550 people, accounting for 36% of the total poor labor force, although the vast majority of poor households to participate in the New Rural Cooperative, but due to the standard is too low (farmers outpatient direct consumption of only 9 yuan), the poor farmers, "small illnesses dragged, big illnesses to carry".
Third, the building of large expenditures. Dawu County, Hu Chong village village cadres reflect, in recent years the village to build a new house of households in nine out of ten by debt completion, nearly 20 households due to the construction of the house into a poor household.
The poor quality of the labor force is the main feature and root cause of cumulative poverty
Poverty is bound to accumulate if you can't make ends meet all year round. In the 100-household survey, less than 10% of the poor households were formed in recent years, the vast majority of poor households are cumulative poverty, the village's old difficult households, the old poor households, and some are even generations of poverty.
The cultural quality of the labor force of poor households is obviously low. 279 illiterate and semi-literate people in the poor labor force of 10 villages, accounting for 18.3%; 720 people with elementary school education, accounting for 47.2%; 445 people with middle school education, accounting for 29.2%; 76 people with senior high school (intermediate) education, accounting for 5%; and 5 people with college education or above, accounting for 0.3%.
The physical quality of the labor force of poor households is obviously deviated. 861 people in the poor labor force of 10 villages are in good health, accounting for 56.5% of the total number of poor labor force. The 100-household survey shows that 38 families have perennial sick people, accounting for 38%.
The ideology of the labor force of poor households is relatively backward. This is not only reflected in the deep-rooted awareness of small farmers, food and clothing, do not think about development, but also reflected in the production and management do not pay attention to structural adjustment and technological updating.
Poor households and grass-roots cadres have "three hopes"
One hope is that the low income policy will be fully covered. Of the 100 households surveyed, 34, or 34 percent, were covered by the low income policy. In this regard, the village cadres said, due to limited financial resources, limited indicators, at present can not be guaranteed all insurance.
The second expectation is that the matching funds will be fully exempted. In the market economy, poor households due to unfair starting point, the competition is at a disadvantage, falling further and further behind, they can not ask others to jog, only hope that the policy can be more patronizing, and hope to be able to reduce the self-financing supporting funds, such as water charges, biogas construction supporting fees, village roads self-financing part of the realization of the public **** service **** enjoy.
Thirdly, I hope that the poverty alleviation program will really reach the households. According to the research group set up the "most need to support the poverty alleviation project" questionnaire survey results show that 55 of the 100 households want to support the "development of industry", 10 households want to support the "enhancement of skills "and 35 households want to support the "improvement of the human environment".
Some thoughts and suggestions on promoting poverty alleviation to the household
At present, the work of establishing a file and card for the "two types of population" in our province has basically been completed, therefore, at present, when formulating the outline of poverty alleviation and development for the next ten years, we should put poverty alleviation to the household in a more prominent position, and give more attention and inclination to poverty alleviation in the areas of ideas, policies and measures. More attention and inclination.
Adhering to the idea of "three equal weights". First, in the determination of the support object, insist on solving group poverty and solving regional poverty, pay more attention to the solution of group poverty. Secondly, in the selection of support methods, developmental and safeguard approaches should be emphasized, with greater emphasis on improving the self-development capacity of the poor through developmental poverty alleviation. Third, in the selection of ways to reach the households, insisting on the equal importance of direct to household and indirect to household, and focusing more on direct to household.
Highlighting the "four basic" work priorities. The first is to help develop basic home industries. The second is to help improve the basic quality. The third is to help improve basic production and living conditions. The fourth is to help safeguard the basic participation rights of poor households and continuously improve the social status of poor households.
Improve the "one-to-one" mechanism of party members and cadres to help poor households. On the basis of continuing to promote the "1321" help poor village work mechanism, the county and township departments party members and cadres are required to help each person to help 1-2 poor households, the implementation of the "three help one help" measures, that is, to help change the concept of thinking, to help formulate poverty alleviation and wealth development planning, Help to improve the basic ability to support the construction of a home industry or rich project.
Development of the "big poverty alleviation" pattern of poverty alleviation to the household project funding policy. The first is to correctly deal with the relationship between special poverty alleviation and "big poverty alleviation", and to adjust the direction of special poverty alleviation project funds. Second, the relationship between direct and indirect support for households should be correctly handled, and the proportion of poverty-alleviation project funds going directly to households should be increased. The third is to correctly handle the relationship between mass self-support and project support, and to explore the incentive mechanism of supporting households with prizes instead of subsidies.
Vigorously implementing the "capacity building project for poor households". The fundamental purpose of poverty alleviation is to improve the self-development ability of poor households and their ability to escape from poverty. Capacity building for poor households is crucial, and it is imperative to vigorously implement the "Capacity Building Project for Poor Households".
There are two kinds of financial aid programs - 1 Green Channel Loan This you go to the local education bureau financial aid center to ask about the relevant matters The local education bureau has a financial aid center specializing in this matter 2 When you receive the notification letter there should be a corresponding similar family economic questionnaire Fill out the form and stamped in duplicate and bring to the school will be able to enjoy the national gratuitous grants in the school Attachment: Identification There are four grades of poor students, special poverty, difficulty, general difficulty, no difficulty (if the family is really poor, it is recommended that the family per capita monthly income of a rural household does not exceed 150 / urban household book exceeds 200, the average annual income according to the monthly income to push) your situation should be able to get financial aid - you take the initiative to contact the relevant departments and schools - to see how to go through the procedures - the specific procedures are not the same as the region should be different - I hope that you can study in the university in the future, but also in the school. I hope you can study in the university to achieve success - and then to make their own contribution to the family - by the way, and then study after seeking teachers or other aspects of a little hard work study - study well - should not do things do not do - even though you sometimes want to try (such as falling in love or obsessed with online gaming) to know their own responsibility - when you have the ability to do so - these things will be present in front of you - learn your own good You will have unexpected benefits - there are many opportunities at school and if you can show your specialties you can usually get paid for it - ok