2. Institutional changes:A Hundred Days Reform Movement: The Hundred Days Reform refers to the bourgeois political reforms carried out in 1898 (the year of the Hundred Days in the lunar calendar) by reformists led by Kang Youwei through the Guangxu Emperor, which was a political reform movement during the Guangxu period of the Qing Dynasty in China (1898). The main contents were: learning from the West, promoting science and culture, reforming the political and educational systems, and developing agriculture, industry and commerce. The movement was strongly opposed by the conservative faction led by Empress Dowager Cixi, who staged a coup d'état in September of that year, which resulted in the imprisonment of Guangxu, and the escape of the reformers, Kang Youwei and Liang Qichao, to France and Japan respectively. Tan Sitong and other six people (Hundred Days' Reform) were killed, and the reform finally failed after only one hundred and three days. Therefore, the Hundred Days Reform was also called the Hundred Days Reform.
Significance: The Hundred Days Reform was an event of great significance in China's modern history. ① The Hundred Days Reform, a bourgeois reform movement, was a preliminary attempt by the bourgeoisie to change the social system. The reformists tried to establish a bourgeois constitutional monarchy politically. Economically, they developed national capitalism, which was in line with the development trend of history. ② It was a political movement of patriotic salvation. At a time of intensifying national crisis, the reformists hoped to make China strong through the reform, so as to get rid of the invasion of the imperialist powers, showing strong patriotic fervor, and stimulating the people's patriotic thinking and national consciousness. The Hundred Days' Reform was also a liberation of the ideological trend in modern China. The bourgeoisie took over the reformist faction to advocate new learning, advocate the rise of civil rights, and fiercely attacked the feudal ideology, which played a role of ideological enlightenment in the society and promoted the awakening of the Chinese people.
B, the Xinhai Revolution: the Xinhai Revolution was the Qing government sold the right to build railroads in 1911, provoking the resistance of the Chinese people, Sichuan and other places broke out to protect the road movement. October 10, 1911, Wuhan, Wuhan area of the revolutionary group of literary society and **** Progressive Society launched the Wuchang Uprising, and then the response of all the provinces, because 1911 for the year of the Xinhai in the Old Calendar, it is called the 1911 was the year of Xinhai in the old calendar, so it was called the "Xinhai Revolution". Historical Significance
1. It overthrew the Qing Dynasty and ended the feudal monarchy that had ruled China for more than 2,000 years.
2, established the bourgeois **** and state, promulgated the Provisional Covenant Law, so that the concept of democracy **** and y rooted in people's hearts.
3. It promoted the development of national capitalism.
3. Change of Ideology: The May Fourth Movement: The May Fourth Movement was a patriotic movement of the Chinese people that broke out on May 4, 1919, in Beijing in a thorough opposition to imperialism and feudalism. The May Fourth Movement was the end of the old democratic revolution and the beginning of the new democratic revolution in China. The May Fourth Movement was also the continuation and development of the New Culture Movement. 1915, Chen Duxiu founded the Youth Magazine, which was renamed New Youth in the following year, and raised the banners of "democracy" and "science," vigorously attacked the old feudalistic culture, and advocated a new culture. Subsequently, it also advocated the replacement of the vernacular language by the literary language, and advocated new literature under the slogan of "literary revolution." The victory of the October Socialist Revolution in Russia in 1917 had a great impact on the Chinese people. The advanced Chinese began to use the cosmology of the proletariat as a tool for observing the fate of the country, and Li Dazhao's articles "The Victory of the Common People" and "The Victory of Bolshevism" published in November 1918 represented a new awakening of the advanced Chinese. The New Culture Movement not only made ideological preparations for the May Fourth Patriotic Movement, but also developed more y with this movement, making the socialist trend gradually replace the bourgeois trend and become the mainstream of the movement, and preparing for the founding of the Chinese ****productivity party both ideologically and in terms of cadres.
The Chinese revolution has since entered a new historical period, after the establishment of the Chinese People's **** and the State, the Central People's Government and State Council in December 1949 officially declared May 4 as the Chinese Youth Day.
The May Fourth Movement was an epoch-making event in the history of the Chinese Revolution. The Chinese working class has since ascended to the political stage, kicking off China's new democratic revolution and showing the further awakening of the Chinese nation.
4. Change of Style: The New Culture Movement A revolutionary movement initiated by a group of Western-educated people in the Chinese cultural circles in the early 20th century; on the eve of May 4, 1919, Ch'en Tu-hsiu published an article in the New Youth under his editorship advocating democracy and science (Mr. De and Mr. Sai), criticizing the traditional pure Chinese culture, and spreading Marxist ideas; on the other hand, Hu Shih represented the moderates. On the other hand, the moderates, represented by Hu Shi, opposed Marxism, supported the vernacular language movement, and advocated the replacement of Confucianism with pragmatism, i.e. the New Culture Movement. During this period, Chen Duxiu, Hu Shi, Lu Xun and others became the core figures of the New Culture Movement, and this movement became the precursor of the May Fourth Movement.