first, multiple-choice questions (2 points for each small question, ***41 points)
1. The simplest structures of the following organisms are ()
A, bacteria B, plants C, animals D, hepatitis virus
2. The structures that can decompose organic matter in cells and release energy are ()
A, cell membrane B, Nucleus C, mitochondria D and chloroplasts
3. The attitude we should not have in the face of drugs is () < P > A. Resolutely refuse and never be contaminated with B. Report people who have drug abuse around you < P > C. Be curious, try D. Actively participate in anti-drug publicity activities
4. Some existing animals are still almost the same as they existed one million years ago. ()
A, these animals have been mutating; b, the living environment of these animals has not changed much
C, these animals reproduce by sexual reproduction; d, these animals have evolved into simple creatures
5. When you take medicine at home, what must you consider for safety? ()
① Date, expiration date and approval number of the drug manufacturer ② Whether the drug is recommended by advertisement
③ Functional dosage, adverse reactions, contraindications, etc. ④ Whether the drug is a prescription drug or an over-the-counter drug
A, 123B, 124C, ② ③ 4d, ③ ④ < P > 6. The correct relationship between chromosomes and genes is ()
A, many genes are arranged on chromosomes B, many chromosomes are arranged on genes
C, genes are another name for chromosomes D, and chromosomes are called genes when they are in the nucleus
7. Xiaoming found many spots on the rocks of his hometown in rural areas during his holiday. These spots are big and small, just like Can you find a way to help him judge? ()
A, not living things, because they can't move B, but living things, because they can grow and reproduce
C, not living things, because scraping down is like mud D, but living things, because rocks don't grow anything
8. Which of the following is not a measure to improve plant photosynthesis and increase crop yield? ()
a. Increase the illumination time and use relevant lighting facilities. B. Increase the content of carbon dioxide in farmland and deliver carbon dioxide to farmland.
C. Irrigate reasonably to ensure the water needed for plant growth. D. Try to plant densely to make full use of sunlight.
9. Sailors who used to sail were prone to scurvy because it was difficult to get fresh vegetables and fruits during long-term navigation. Fresh vegetables and fruits are rich in ()
A, vitamin A B, vitamin B C, vitamin C D and vitamin D
11. When people inhale, their respiratory muscles contract and their chests move upward and outward. If they try their best to inhale, the diaphragm will contract, so that the diaphragm top will drop. As a result, ()
A, the air pressure in the lungs will decrease. When the outside air enters the lung B, the air pressure in the lung increases, when the outside air enters the lung
C, the air pressure in the lung decreases, when the outside air leaves the lung D, the air pressure in the lung increases. External gas goes out of the lungs
11. The following statements about systemic circulation are correct: ()
A, it is a circulation way to transport blood from the heart to all parts of the body
B, oxygen and nutrients are transported to all parts of the body through systemic circulation
C, after systemic circulation, Blood changes from venous blood to arterial blood
D, which is the circulation way to transport blood back to the heart
12. The following statements about the small intestine as the main place for digestion and absorption are incorrect ()
A, the small intestine is long B, there are folds and villi on the inner wall of the small intestine
C, The small intestine is rich in digestive juice D, and its peristalsis speed is fast
13. In the structure of eyeball, there are ()
A, cornea B, sclera C, retina D and iris
14. When the electric eel catches prey, it will discharge at a very high frequency. When the same kind of electric eel hears the news, its "language" for exchanging information is ()
A, action B, current C, sound D and smell
15. Most fish can lay tens of thousands to millions of eggs in turn, but the mortality rate of fry is very high, so the number of adult fish is very small. The phenomena of high egg production of these fish are ()
A, an adaptability B, the relativity of adaptation
C, the result of long-term heredity and variation D, and the result of abiotic factors
16. Scientists speculate that the origin of life managed four chemical evolution processes. Among them, the places where small molecular organic substances (such as amino acids) are formed and primitive life is born are ()
A, primitive ocean and primitive atmosphere B, primitive atmosphere and primitive ocean
C, all in primitive ocean D, all in primitive atmosphere
17, Pea's tall stems are dominant genes (represented by D), and short stems are recessive genes (represented by D). The following parent combinations may have short stems: ()
A, Dd and Dd B, DD and Dd C, DD and DD
18. Lingling saw a wild goose when she was traveling, and after consulting the information, she found the taxonomic position of this wild goose. ()
A, Anatidae, Anatidae, Anatidae B, Anatidae, Anatidae, Anatidae
C, Anatidae, Anatidae, Anatidae, D, Anatidae, Anatidae, Anatidae
19. If you want to make a strain, Which of the following is wrong ()
A, sour apples as rootstock B, sweet apples as scions
C, phloem of scion and rootstock must match D, sour apples as scions
21. Among the following statements about adolescence, the incorrect one is ()
A, entering adolescence, The functions of people's nervous system and heart are obviously enhanced
B. After entering adolescence, the sexual organs of boys and girls develop rapidly
C. People's adolescence is the golden age of physical development and intellectual development in their lives
D. Adolescent women have menstruation and should not let the opposite sex know
2. Skills questions (1 points for each blank, 31 points for * *)
The number and proportion of various organisms in the ecosystem are always maintained in a relatively stable state, that is, the ecosystem has a certain self-regulation ability, but this ability is.
22. In the experiment of simulating the formation of animal protective color, the colored cloth used is used for simulation. Finally, it is found that after predation, the color of the remaining small pieces of paper is the same as that of the new one.
23. There are two reproductive modes of living things, and in evolution, the higher reproductive mode is.
24. Through scientific research, it is known that earthworms live in a dark and humid environment. Therefore, in the process of scientific inquiry, if the hypothesis is that "humidity has an impact on earthworm life", then the variable should be.
25. After reading a book for a long time, a classmate wanted to adjust the fatigue of his eyes, so he looked far away, but the result was unclear and blurred. You think: this is because he has been reading books at close range for a long time, which makes the ciliary suspensory ligament tired, and the curvature can't be adjusted, which makes him image on the retina, so people with myopia need to wear correction.
26. In the rainy season, many articles are prone to mildew and long hair, but it is not easy to appear in winter. Do you think the main reason is that the suitable living conditions of mold are related to harmony?
27. Darwin believed that the reason of biological evolution is the result, and organisms are constantly evolving in the process of constantly adapting to the environment.
28. When studying the origin of human beings, the methods used are: When studying the formation process of protective color, the method is used.
29. When a classmate observed onion epidermal cells with a microscope, he first observed them with a low-power microscope and then observed them with a high-power microscope, and found that the visual field changed and the number of cells he could see was also relatively small.
31. When exploring the "changes of steamed bread in the mouth", three treatments were carried out: ① put the steamed bread crumbs and saliva into the No.1 test tube and fully stir them; (2) put the steamed bread crumbs and clean water into the No.2 test tube and fully stir; ③ Put the steamed bread pieces and saliva into the No.3 test tube without stirring. And put it in warm water at about 37℃ for 5-11 minutes. Excuse me: the test tube that doesn't turn blue after dropping iodine solution is No. The function of test tube 3 is.
31. In the experiment of "observing the blood flow in the caudal fin of small fish", we should observe it with a magnifying glass, and observe that some blood vessels are the thinnest and some are capillaries.
32. Different methods can be used to explore different problems. For example, when we explore "the role of fins in swimming" and "the role of animals in people's lives", we adopt the method of sum respectively.
33. In the experiment of the influence of alcohol on the heart rate of Daphnia, the higher the concentration of alcohol used, the higher the heart rate of Daphnia, and when the concentration reaches 21%, Daphnia will die, which shows that alcohol is a substance with influence on heart rate.
34. In the experiment of observing earthworms, you passed and found that there were some protrusions on the abdomen of earthworms. When you observed them with a magnifying glass, it was found that they were bristles, and the bristles on the abdomen of earthworms could.
35. Geneticists call the red fruit and yellow fruit of tomatoes and the white hair and black hair of rabbits, which are all controlled by.
IV. Short answer questions (31 points)
36. Case analysis: Xiaogang was 17 years old and went to the hospital one day. His chief complaint: he recently felt: ① weak, loss of appetite, emaciation; ② coughing, spitting, and sometimes bloodshot sputum, which was ineffective after taking vitamins; (3) MUBI at night, often cold sweat, sometimes feel chest pain. After being examined by a doctor; ④ Blood pressure: 16/11.7 kPa; ⑤ Axillary temperature: 37.8℃; ⑥ Blood test: Red blood cells are 5 million /mm3, white blood cells are 11,111 /mm3 and platelets are 251,111 /mm3.
(1) Judging from the above situation, Xiao Gang may suffer from it. (expressed in figures)
(2) The commonly used confirmation methods in hospitals are.
(3) The disease is an infectious disease. The pathogen is, the original parasitic site is, mainly through transmission.
(4) According to the symptoms, the doctor took the following measures: ① penicillin and kimono therapy. ② Eat nutritious food and control the activity. ③ Vaccinate family members, neighbors and friends with BCG. ④ The patients were treated in isolation. ⑤ Students are not allowed to visit the hospital. ⑥ Disinfect his home and appliances.
the above items belong to controlling the source of infection;
what cuts off the transmission route is;
what protects the susceptible population is.
37. On March 6th, 2115, Yum! Brands, a subsidiary of KFC, issued a public statement in Shanghai, announcing that KFC's New Orleans roasted wing and New Orleans roasted chicken leg fort seasoning were found to contain Sudan Red (No.1) during the inspection on March 5th, and all KFC restaurants in China immediately stopped selling these two products and destroyed all seasonings at the same time. Sudan red is not a food additive. It is a chemical stain, and its chemical composition is a compound called naphthalene, which is also an artificial chemical preparation. Sudan red belongs to azo chemical dyes, which are mainly used to add color to solvents, waxes and gasoline, and to add luster to shoes and floors.
Research shows that "Sudan Red 1" is carcinogenic, which will cause cancer in rats, and it also shows the characteristics of possible carcinogenicity in the study of human hepatocytes. Because this kind of dye, which is regarded as food pigment, will only slowly affect the health of consumers, but will not cause cancer quickly, so it is very concealed. "Sudan Red 1" is degraded by human body to form a moderately toxic carcinogen "aniline". Excessive "aniline" is inhaled into human body, which may cause tissue hypoxia, poor breathing, damage to central nervous system and cardiovascular system, and even lead to infertility. Animal experiments show that "Sudan Red 1" can cause some cancers in mice, but it is not a serious carcinogen, so don't panic too much.