Flat terrain; Muddy beaches; Less precipitation, more evaporation (or dry and sunny weather, or leeward slope)

Agricultural location selection: ① natural factors (light, heat, water and soil): sufficient light, sufficient heat, sufficient irrigation water and fertile soil (acidic red soil is suitable for planting tea trees; Beets are salt-tolerant) and the terrain is flat.

② Socio-economic factors: science and technology (mechanization, improved varieties, water conservancy, electrification), market (population, eating habits), transportation (commodity agriculture, export-oriented agriculture), labor (quantity and quality), industry (mechanization, pesticides, fertilizers, etc. ) and policies.

Industrial site selection:

Raw materials (agricultural products processing, steel), energy (non-ferrous metal industry), science and technology (especially technology-intensive industries), labor (quantity and quality), market (hinterland), transportation, agricultural economic base (providing food and raw materials), environment (wind direction, rivers), funds, policies, natural factors (flat terrain, abundant water resources, etc. )

Urban location selection: topography (plains and tropical areas are distributed in the plateau), climate (mid-latitude areas with moderate precipitation and temperature) and rivers (water supply and transportation functions) are mostly distributed in the starting and ending points of river transportation, river intersections, river estuaries and downstream rivers; Resources (mostly resource-based cities, such as Panzhihua, Baotou and Anshan; Daqing, Yumen, Karamay, Aberdeen; Birmingham, Manchester, Pittsburgh, Datong, Fushun, Kailuan; Johannesburg); Transportation (along the coast, along the river, along the railway trunk line and along expressway) Most cities in northern China are located at the intersection of expressway (such as Handan); The south is mostly located at the confluence of rivers (such as Wuhan, Chongqing and Yibin); Railway hubs (such as Shijiazhuang, Zhengzhou, Bengbu, Baoji and Zhuzhou); Politics, military affairs and religion (political centers: Athens, Rome, Xi 'an, Luoyang, Hangzhou, Hefei, Brasilia, Washington, Canberra and Islamabad; Religion: Mecca, Medina, Vatican, Lhasa); Technology and Tourism (Tsukuba, Silicon Valley; Guilin, Zhangjiajie)

Traffic location is railway: promoting economic development along the line; Promote exchanges and contacts between regions (national unity and reunification of the motherland); Long line and high economic benefit; New lines are short and the cost is low; Stable passenger and cargo supply (urban population is concentrated, industry and agriculture are developed); Ports with good natural conditions and low construction difficulty (flat terrain): land → harbor construction conditions (flat terrain); Hinterland conditions (stable tourist sources) → berthing conditions (water depth, dense isobath and relatively closed bay); Transport condition

The location choice of commercial center, superior geographical location and traffic conditions are the main conditions for the formation of commercial center; Developed commodity production is the material basis for the formation of commercial centers; The distribution of productive forces directly promotes the development of production, and at the same time promotes the development of commodity economy to new development zones, thus promoting the formation of new commercial centers; A highly concentrated population directly affects commodity consumption and consumption composition; Political and historical conditions will have an important influence on the formation and existence of commercial centers, and even play a decisive role.