Author: Shuwen Temple is a temple building to commemorate and worship Confucius, a great thinker, politician and educator in China. Also known as Confucius Temple, Confucius Temple, Taishang Temple, Preacher Hall, First Hall, Wenxuan King Hall, especially "Confucius Temple", it is a place for Confucian activities. The feudal dynasty held Confucius in high esteem, so it regarded repairing temples and offering sacrifices to Confucius as a national event. In the Ming and Qing Dynasties, every state, prefecture and county government had a Confucius Temple or a Confucian Temple. Its large number, high regulation and exquisite architectural technology and art are the most prominent types of ancient Chinese architecture and an extremely important part of ancient Chinese cultural heritage. The Confucian temple (rebuilt, photographed | Shu) and Confucianism in Luzhou Prefecture are often collectively referred to as "temple science". In fact, "temple" and "learning" are two units that are as close as lips and teeth. According to tradition, "left temple and right school" ("West Temple and East School"). Confucian Temple is a temple dedicated to sages such as Confucius, and its rules and regulations are basically stable, but it is inevitable that there will be ups and downs. Confucianism is the central organ that teaches Confucianism in the region, and it is also the official office in charge of teaching. With the development of politics, economy and culture, the teaching system, principles, contents, methods, houses and facilities of Confucianism are constantly changing, and its titles also include Confucianism (military studies, Chinese studies, county studies), academies, Scholar's Academy and so on. At least since the Song Dynasty, Confucian temples, academies, imperial academy and academies have all named lecture halls after Minglun Hall, where most local students will study. As the lecture hall of Ren Ming Lun, it is a solemn and sacred lecture hall for social elites who take part in imperial examinations to acquire knowledge and wisdom. After ten years of cold window, scholars hope that they can reach the imperial court through the imperial examination and realize the social ideal of governing the country and leveling the world. The rise and fall of the Confucian Temple in Shucheng, also known as Confucius Temple, Confucian Temple, Confucianism and Hexian School, is Dacheng Hall (reconstruction, photography | Shu). Regarding its construction time, Wanli records: "I don't know where Lao Gong Xue was built. Yuan Zhengzhi Xinmao (135 1) was destroyed by soldiers, but the Yuan Yuji Monument still exists. Born and raised in Xu Rong, it was built outside the new city and within the old city, so I won't elaborate. " Jia Qingzhi's record: "I don't know when Xue Jiangong of Shu began, but the Yuan Dynasty was destroyed by soldiers at its peak, but the tablets he wrote survived." Xu Rong, a monk, built a new city gate. "In this regard, the Chronicle of Guangxu pushed the time forward for more than a hundred years:" The construction was unknown, and the Song Dynasty was destroyed by soldiers. Yuan Yanshou Mao Yi (13 15) was rebuilt by Du Sijing, the magistrate. Tian Li Keith (1329) □ Li Puhua, a magistrate of a county, rebuilt Minglun Hall, with a bachelor's degree in Kyrgyzstan. After the restoration of Zheng Zhi, Xu Rong, a Yi people, rebuilt the north gate of the new town. As for the year when the Song Dynasty was destroyed by soldiers, Shi Jing, a famous educator in Shucheng, wrote an essay about the Antang Temple in the city, which was verified as "1256". Based on this year, Shucheng Confucian Temple was built seven or eight hundred years ago at the latest. Moreover, before the Ming Dynasty, the Confucian Temple in Shucheng was not the present site, but moved to "outside the north gate of the new city" and "inside the old city" at the end of the Yuan Dynasty (the previous address was unknown), and now it is north of Meihe Road in Chengguan Town. Today's county governs the west, which is in the compound of the county grain bureau. County magistrate Yili was founded in the early years of Hongwu in Ming Dynasty (1368- 1398). Yun Jian Road Street Hongwu Wushen (1368). According to county records, it was built and renovated many times in the Ming Dynasty: Chen Bing, Zheng Tong (1436), with Wenchang and Xiangxian ancestral shrines. Xuande Mao Yi (1435) added dormitory. In the middle of Chenghua (Shen Bing, 1476), Minglun Hall was rebuilt. Hongzhi 16 (1505), rebuilt Dacheng Hall, Liangbi, Jimen, Huangxing and Chi Pan, rebuilt Minglun Hall and Room 2, and erected the second monument of Gong Ke. Jiajingchou (1529) rebuilt Minglun Hall; Jiajing Renchen (1532), rebuilt temples, built pavilions and opened shrines; Jiajing Ji You (1549), building respect pavilion (talking about Wu Shen,1548); Jiajing Chen Jia (1544), Tomminglun Hall. Wu Shen, Qin Long (1572, speaking of Chen Wu, 1568), the former site of the Confucian Temple is three feet (speaking of two feet), the main hall is rebuilt, the gate is repaired, the Chi Pan and Longmen are repaired, the instrument gate is added with two temples of famous officials and rural sages, and two squares of Xingxian and Yucai are built outside the gate. Wanli JOE (1574), rebuilding Zunjing Pavilion, No.1 Room and Yunlu Road; Wanli Jimao (1579), the second square of Chonggong and Suntech; Ten thousand successive seals (1602), Wenchang Pavilion was built, seal-making hall was repaired, sacrificial pavilions were slaughtered, and fatwa was moved to Yimen left; Wanli is ugly and the temple is repaired. Guihai of Apocalypse (1623), Jiakui Building; In the second year, Dacheng Hall was built and the temple was rebuilt. At the end of the Ming Dynasty, Gong Xue was destroyed by war, leaving only Dacheng Hall ("Dacheng Hall with several rafters"). The buildings of the Confucian Temple in the Ming Dynasty include: Shixian Temple, Gate, Jimen Temple, Qisheng Temple, Minglun Temple (including Shenku and Shenchu), Jingyizhen Pavilion, Zunjing Pavilion, East-West Zhai Room, East-West Room, Longmen, Yimen, Doumen Gate, Dining Room, Warehouse, Slaughterhouse, Social Pu Hall, Religious Room, etc. The Confucian Map of Shucheng County (source | Shucheng County Records (Wanli)) was also recorded many times in the Qing Dynasty: Kangxi Chen Bing (1676) trimmed the velvet and built Yimen, Xiangxian and Minghuan temples; Later, the Minglun Hall was rebuilt; Wu Geng (1690), rebuilding the main hall; Guisi (17 13) overhauled the temple furniture; Liang Xiuren was appointed as seal (1722). Yongzheng Ji You (1729) built a shrine. In the twenty-third year of Qianlong (1758), the temple was rebuilt; In the 58th year of Qianlong (1793), Dacheng Hall and two temples were rebuilt; After rebuilding Dacheng Gate. 10 (1805), Jiaqing rebuilt Dacheng Hall and Liangbian, and rebuilt the temples of rural sages and celebrities. Xianfeng nobles (1853)165438+10 month were destroyed by the war again. Tongzhi Wu Geng (1870), reconstruction. Guangxu 13 (1887), capacity expansion. The buildings of Confucius Temple in Qing Dynasty include: Gong Xue, Dongxi Temple, Chongsheng Temple, Dachengmen, Chi Pan Bridge, Lingxingmen, Yunlufang, Wan Ren Palace Wall, Sacrificial Warehouse, Cuisine Hall, Sacrificial Pavilion, Provincial Sacrificial Hall, Dressing Hall (Pavilion), Minglun Hall, Respect Pavilion and Kuixing Building. Map of Gong Xue in Shucheng County (source | Continued Shucheng County Records) During the Ming and Qing Dynasties, the Confucian Temple in Shucheng, which was moved to its present site, was destroyed twice on a large scale. During this period, successive county officials continued to rebuild, build and repair it, making this magnificent building complex stand on the land of Longshu for nearly 500 to 600 years, further promoting the prosperity of Shucheng's cultural and educational undertakings. Confucian Temple in Shucheng County (source | Continued Shucheng County Records) At the end of the Qing Dynasty and the beginning of the Republic of China, many primary schools in the county were located nearby (Wenchang Palace, in the east of Gong Xue). In the 8th year of the Republic of China (19 19), during the May 4th Movement, progressive students set up Shucheng Students' Federation in Mingluntang to carry out the anti-imperialist patriotic movement and support Beijing students. Later, it has been used as a mass place, in which Minglun Hall is a tile house with three rooms and two in one. In 35 years (1946), Anhui Li Shucheng Normal School moved from Xiaotian to the Confucian Temple. According to Mr. Shi Jingzhuan's recollection, during the period from the late Qing Dynasty to the Republic of China, the Confucian Temple in Shucheng had three roads and three compartments, followed by a shrine, a Dacheng Hall in the middle, a Dachengmen in front and a Chi Pan Stone Bridge in front of Dacheng. The whole building is a red brick tile house. There is a finely carved wooden tablet in the main hall, "Dacheng is the most holy teacher Confucius", and the sacrificial utensils on the table are complete; In other side halls, the memorial tablets of 72 sages and 3000 disciples are arranged layer by layer. There are Bell and Drum Tower, Champion Bridge, Panchi and other buildings in the temple. On both sides of the main entrance stood two magnificent wooden archways more than 30 feet high, and beside the two archways stood a stone tablet more than 30 feet high, which read the imperial edict that' all officials, big and small, should dismount here'. There is a square opposite the main entrance, and there is a big red wall at the end of the square, and the words "Wan Ren Palace Wall" are printed. Every year on Confucius' birthday, pigs and sheep are slaughtered in the Confucius Temple for public sacrifice. On the right side of the Confucian Temple, there is a' Minglun Hall', the gate of which is a pavilion-style building with a roll of rafters called' Kuixing Pavilion'. "Anhui Provincial Shucheng Normal School (source | 1948 plan of Chengguan Town, Shucheng County) The annihilation of Shucheng Confucian Temple Speaking of the annihilation of Shucheng Confucian Temple, we must first start with the outbreak of War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression. On May 1938 and 10, Japanese planes bombed Shucheng County, killing more than 260 residents and destroying more than 2,000 houses, including Dachengmen and Dachengdian in the Confucian Temple complex. After the liberation of Dachengmen (Figure | Shu), the former site of the Confucian Temple in Shucheng County was placed under the use of the County Grain Bureau. In 1960s, the Confucian Temple was basically destroyed, but Mingluntang, Kuixinglou, Lingxingmen, Jimen, Yunlu Archway, Chongsheng Temple and Chi Pan still existed. During the "Cultural Revolution", Chi Pan was leveled, and the Star Gate, Jiyun Gate, Yunlu Archway and Kuixing Tower were demolished. In the late 1980s, the shrine gradually declined. At this point, the huge Confucian temple complex disappeared in just a few decades, leaving only one building, Mingluntang. Moreover, it has already become the warehouse of the county grain bureau processing factory, and the previous carved beams and painted buildings have been destroyed, leaving only the appearance. 1September, 1980, the county people * * * announced as the county's key cultural relics protection units. Mingluntang in Shucheng County (Photo | Shu) Originally, the former site of Mingluntang in the past 100 years can be protected or even restored. Then in 200 1, 20 years after becoming a "county protection", Shucheng County Grain Bureau applied to Shucheng County Cultural Bureau to cancel the county-level cultural relics protection unit of Mingluntang. After the Shucheng County Cultural Bureau asked the Lu 'an Municipal Cultural Bureau for instructions, the Lu 'an Municipal Cultural Bureau sent personnel to make a field trip and agreed to cancel the request of the county-level cultural protection unit, and reported it to Lu 'an City and Anhui Provincial Cultural Relics Bureau for the record. Mingluntang (Photography | Shu) in Shucheng County has escaped the raging fire, the special period and the first few years of the new century, but it can't escape the vicissitudes of years and the destruction of nature ... Today, after the county insurance was revoked 18 years, Mingluntang is still strong in the absence of interests. However, a few days ago, it was found that the roof on the north side of Mingluntang partially collapsed and a big hole appeared, which may be caused by recent heavy rainfall and the year. Next year is the 50th anniversary of the completion of this late Qing building/kloc-0. Can Mingluntang cross this hurdle? Where will the future go? The protection plan of Minglun Hall suggests that I know that my personal strength will have little impact on the future of Minglun Hall. However, the author has some ideas and suggestions on the protection scheme of Mingluntang, and would like to talk about it in this article: 1, community park green space. The author notes that Shucheng County has taken on a new look in recent years. In addition to speeding up the transformation of old cities and the construction of new cities, we should pay more attention to the layout of urban parks and green spaces. At present, there are no community green spaces and small gardens in the old city except Fei Xia Park and Nanxihe Park under construction. Alternatively, we can refer to Erzhan Park, preserve and repair the former site of Mingluntang, demolish and clean the old houses around it in a small scale, open up open spaces, and plant flowers and trees as community parks (which can be named as "Confucian Temple Park"). The community park scheme greatly reduces the construction cost, not only protects the cultural relics themselves, but also provides cultural and entertainment places for the residents in the surrounding communities. Dacheng Hall of Confucian Temple in Luancheng County (Photo | Shu) Taking Luancheng County of Hebei Province (now Luancheng District of Shijiazhuang City) as an example. Dacheng Hall of Confucian Temple in Luancheng County, in front of the county compound. After the founding of the People's Republic of China, the original temple buildings were in disrepair for many years and were transformed into modern buildings, leaving only Dacheng Hall and Cooper. Reconstruction of Dacheng Hall 1999 to 2000. Later, the county moved to a new address and changed it to "Cooper Garden". In the Cooper Garden, the new look of the old site is orderly, and Cooper is fresh and refreshing. 2. Restore the complex of Confucius and Temple. For the protection and repair of Confucian Temple buildings, some cities repair the remaining buildings, and then repair other buildings that have disappeared to restore the grandeur of the past. However, this scheme will consume a lot in construction cost and cycle. Luzhou Confucian Temple (reconstruction, photography | Shu) 3. Move to other fields. At present, among the many Confucian temples I have visited in China, Dacheng Hall in Shunde, Hebei (now Xingtai City) is the plan. Its original site is on the north side of Hongxing West Street. After liberation, he successively served as the resident of Xingtai Normal School and Xingtai District Administrative Office. Later, other buildings were in disrepair and were destroyed day by day. Only Dacheng Hall was basically well preserved. 198 1 year, Hebei province allocated funds to renovate Dacheng hall, which was completely new. 1993, after the merger of cities, it became the office space of Xingtai city. In 2000, Dacheng Hall was moved to Dahuoquan Park as a whole. This scheme, like the second scheme, consumes a lot of money and time. Secondly, it is more difficult to find a suitable relocation site. Of course, the above are just my own thoughts and suggestions, some of which are inappropriate or unrealistic and are for reference only. If the scene of Mingluntang can be preserved, it is adjacent to Longtou Ancient Pagoda and Fei Xia Park in the east, Jinlong Ancient Bridge in the south, Cimu Palace in the west and Daiyu River in the north. * * * Then the Wulongjing Commercial Street on the west side will be endowed with cultural themes, adding a cultural tourism route for Shucheng. Shucheng has a large number of talents in ancient and modern times; The city of promoting education, the context is lingering! I hope Shucheng will live up to its Millennium reputation and pass on its rich cultural accumulation from generation to generation! References 1, Shucheng County Records (Wanli) 2, Shucheng County Records (Jiaqing Edition) 3, Continued Shucheng County Records (Guangxu Edition) 4, Shucheng County Records (1995 Edition) 5, Shucheng Literature and History Materials 6, Hefei, Anhui. 7. Tongcheng, Anhui Province: "Du Wen" Pearl Centennial Confucian Temple, climb the "Champion Bridge" to remember Tong Qunru! 8. Anqing, Anhui: Visit the Yangtze River, the middle reaches of the city and the four "cultural treasures"! 9. Xingtai, Hebei Province: There is a Dacheng Hall of Shunde Confucian Temple in Dahuoquan Park, the original site is in the north of Hongxing West Street 10, Shucheng, Anhui Province: netizens found the former site of Mingluntang, and only part of the ancient Confucian Temple complex is left! Anhui Shucheng 1 1: New progress has been made in the investigation of the former site of Mingluntang, and the Confucian Temple complex was destroyed three times! Shucheng, Anhui 12: Explore the former site of Minglun Hall, hidden in the courtyard, and the walls are covered with creepers! 13, Shucheng, Anhui: One hundred years of the old city, the last tears or nirvana rebirth? 14, Shucheng, Anhui: Where is the Antang Temple in the old city? One hall and one tree are in urgent need of protection! Author: Shu Operation: Shu Editor: Shu Production: Machizumi Media Studio