(1) Diet therapy for coronary heart disease

Coronary heart disease is coronary atherosclerosis, which narrows blood vessels and changes coronary artery function (spasm), and can lead to heart disease caused by myocardial ischemia and hypoxia.

The formation of coronary heart disease is not only related to hypertension, hyperlipidemia and obesity, but also closely related to diet. Therefore, the following principles should be followed in daily diet.

① limit the intake of animal fat and cholesterol. Animal fat contains a lot of saturated fatty acids, so patients with coronary heart disease should use less or no animal fat; Plant fat contains more unsaturated fatty acids. Unsaturated fatty acids can reduce blood cholesterol and prevent the aggravation of atherosclerosis, so patients with coronary heart disease should try to choose vegetable oil for cooking, especially vegetable oil, tea oil, sesame oil and corn oil. Cholesterol is one of the important causes of atherosclerosis, so it is necessary to limit the intake of cholesterol in the diet, especially the high cholesterol foods such as brain, liver, kidney, egg yolk, shrimp, crab roe and roe.

② Limit the intake of salt. Salt can increase blood volume, increase blood pressure through endocrine and body fluids, aggravate arteriosclerosis and increase the burden on the heart. Especially when heart failure occurs, the intake of salt should be restricted. Under normal circumstances, the daily salt intake should be controlled at about 5 grams.

③ Eat more foods rich in vitamins and dietary fiber. Fresh vegetables, fruits and coarse grains are rich sources of vitamins and dietary fiber. Vitamins, especially vitamin C, have a certain influence on lipid metabolism, which can accelerate the conversion of cholesterol into cholic acid and enhance the absorption of dietary cholesterol. Foods rich in vitamin C are mainly green leafy vegetables, oranges, tangerines, red fruits, jujubes and so on. Dietary fiber can prevent constipation, and promote acid excretion from feces, so as to reduce blood cholesterol content, thus playing a role in preventing and treating coronary heart disease

④ Eat more vegetable protein foods. Eating more soy protein can reduce blood cholesterol. Therefore, when we require a low-fat and low-cholesterol diet and certain nutrition, it is necessary to control the daily intake ratio of plant protein and animal protein at about 3: 1.

⑤ You can eat more foods that are beneficial to lowering blood fat and improving symptoms of coronary heart disease, such as garlic, onion, hawthorn, persimmon, banana, mussel, watermelon, sunflower seed, black sesame, auricularia auricula, jujube, bean sprouts, buckwheat, wax gourd, carp, honey and so on. Patients with coronary heart disease should be forbidden to eat irritating food and flatulence food. Strong tea, coffee, peppers, curry and other irritating foods will aggravate heart disease and should be banned; Tea can lower cholesterol, but it is not suitable to drink strong tea; At the same time, smoking and alcohol should be banned; Patients with coronary heart disease are prone to flatulence or diarrhea due to poor digestion and absorption ability, so they should eat less flatulence foods, such as sweet potatoes and radishes.

⑥ patients with coronary heart disease can choose the following therapeutic prescriptions.

hawthorn and lotus leaf tea: take 15g of hawthorn and 12g of lotus leaf. Slice Fructus Crataegi and Folium Nelumbinis, add water and decoct, and get concentrated juice. 1 doses a day, regardless of the times tea.

Fried pork slices with onion: take 1.51g of onion, 1.11g of lean pork, and appropriate amount of soy sauce, salt, oil and monosodium glutamate. Pour a little vegetable oil into the pot and cook until it is 81% cooked. Stir-fry lean pork, then stir-fry onion with meat for a while, add various seasonings and stir-fry again. It can be served as a meal.

Longevity steamed stuffed bun: Take Portulaca oleracea and leek in equal amount, and onion, ginger, oil, soy sauce, salt, monosodium glutamate and eggs in appropriate amount. Cleaning Portulaca oleracea and Allium tuberosum separately, drying in the shade for 2 hours, and chopping; Stir-fry and break the eggs, mix well with the first two ingredients, add seasoning as stuffing, make dough into steamed buns, and steam cooked food on a steamer.

Stewed pig hearts with Semen Platycladi: take 11g of Semen Platycladi and 1 pig hearts. Wash the pig's heart first, put it into the arborvitae seed and stew it in water, add seasoning and take it.

Tianqi stewed pigeon meat: take 2g Tianqi, 1 meat pigeons, and appropriate amounts of refined salt, monosodium glutamate and ginger powder. Slaughter the pigeon, remove its hair and viscera, wash it, add 1,111 ml of water to the pot with Tianqi and seasoning, stew it with slow fire, and eat meat and drink soup.

Ear soup: take 11 grams of white fungus, 11 grams of black fungus and 15 grams of rock sugar. Soak black and white fungus in warm water, put in a small bowl, add water and rock sugar, and steam in a steamer for 1 hour. Drink soup and eat both ears.

corn flour porridge: take 111g of corn flour and 111g of japonica rice. Wash japonica rice, put it in a pot, add 511 ~ 811 ml of water, cook it with strong fire until the rice blooms, add corn flour, and then boil it with slow fire for a while.

dried tangerine peel and diced rabbit: take 251g of rabbit meat, 51g of cooking oil, 5g of dried tangerine peel and appropriate amount of seasoning. Wash and dice rabbit meat, put it into a bowl, add cooking oil, cooking wine, onion, ginger, etc. and mix well. Cut dried Chili into shreds. Soak pericarpium Citri Tangerinae in warm water and cut into small pieces; Mix monosodium glutamate, sugar and soy sauce with water. Put the wok on fire, pour in cooking oil and heat it to 81%, add dried shredded pepper and fry until golden brown, add diced rabbit, add dried tangerine peel, ginger and onion, continue to fry until the rabbit meat is crisp, cook the juice and vinegar, drain the juice, and serve.

(2) Dietary therapy for hypertension

Hypertension is a common clinical syndrome with elevated blood pressure in systemic arteries. Normal people's blood pressure fluctuates under different physiological conditions. Under normal circumstances, systolic blood pressure fluctuates greatly, and the systolic blood pressure increases by about 1.33 kPa with every age increase of 11 years. According to the standards stipulated by the World Health Organization, when the systolic blood pressure is equal to or higher than 21.3 kPa and the diastolic blood pressure is equal to or higher than 12.7 kPa, one of them can be clearly diagnosed as hypertension.

Up to now, the etiology of hypertension has not been fully understood, which may be related to genetic factors, mental factors and environmental factors. It is also related to improper diet. Therefore, the scientific diet plays a certain role in the prevention and treatment of this disease.

① In patients with hypertension, most of them are obese and tall, and obese people have too much fat, which oppresses the myocardium and increases the burden on the heart. Therefore, first of all, we should control diet, control weight, lose weight, and lower blood pressure, so we should often adopt a low-calorie diet, with a daily weight of about 125.5 ~ 146.4 joules per kilogram. In addition, it is necessary to adopt a low-fat diet. When unsaturated fatty acids in food increase, plasma cholesterol can decrease. Therefore, vegetable oils, such as peanut oil, soybean oil, vegetable oil and tea oil, especially corn oil, should be eaten as much as possible.

patients with hypertension, especially those over 41 years old, should try to avoid eating high-cholesterol foods, such as animal liver, heart, kidney, brain and fat, various animal oils, bone marrow, egg yolk and roe. Under normal circumstances, the daily intake of cholesterol should be controlled below 311 mg. If triglycerides continue to be too much, in addition to restricting high-fat foods, high-sugar foods should also be restricted, because the liver can synthesize triglycerides from intermediate metabolites of sugars.

③ Hypertensive patients must pay attention to low-salt diet, and generally, the salt in daily diet should be controlled within 3g, because high-salt diet can cause hypertension, while low-salt diet can prevent and treat hypertension, so it is of great significance for hypertensive patients to limit salt intake.

④ The intake of magnesium can be appropriately increased in patients with hypertension, especially for those who use diuretics such as uric acid and furosemide. Due to the increased excretion of magnesium, the intake of magnesium should be supplemented. High-magnesium foods include all kinds of dried beans, fresh beans, mushrooms, spinach, edamame, lobster sauce, amaranth, longan and soybean sprouts.

⑤ Supplementing vitamin foods, especially vitamin C and vitamin E, is very beneficial to prevent hypertension or atherosclerosis caused by hypertension. If there is no chronic renal insufficiency, it is unnecessary to limit the intake of protein, and fish or soybean protein should be appropriately increased.

⑥ eat more foods that can protect blood vessels and lower blood pressure. This kind of food includes: corn, mung bean, honey, jellyfish, sea cucumber, celery, carrot, mussel, water bamboo, Malantou, water chestnut, onion, garlic, hawthorn, orange, apple and so on.

⑦ Hypertensive patients should not overeat, so they should quit smoking, not drink strong tea, and ban coffee, because coffee contains caffeine, which can cause cardiovascular disorders and increase free fatty acids.

8 patients with hypertension can choose the following therapeutic prescriptions.

celery juice: Take 511g fresh celery and 51ml honey. Wash mustard with cold boiled water, mash it to get juice, add honey and mix well, and take it three times a day. Or use 1.21 grams of celery with roots, chop it up, add 251 grams of japonica rice, and cook porridge by the usual method. Take it regularly.

vinegar peanuts: take proper amount of peanuts and soak them in vinegar for 5 days. Take 11 ~ 15 capsules every morning.

jellyfish skin shepherd's purse soup: take 61g of jellyfish skin (after soaking, the salt is washed away) and 61g of shepherd's purse, and cook the soup and drink it. Twice a day.

Chrysanthemum egg soup: Take 51g of chrysanthemum brain (fresh bud of chamomile), wash it, break 1 duck eggs, stir well, add appropriate amount of crystal sugar, and cook the soup. Often eaten.

steaming auricularia auricula: take 5g of auricularia auricula, soak it in clear water overnight, wash it, steam it on a rice cooker for 1-2h, and add appropriate amount of rock sugar. Clothing before going to bed.

Cuiyi Cassia Tea: 9 grams of watermelon Cuiyi and 9 grams of cassia obtusifolia are taken, and decoction is used instead of tea. Drink at any time.

mung bean seaweed porridge: take 111g of mung bean and kelp, chop them, and 211g of japonica rice, and cook the porridge with the usual method.

spinach mixed with oil: take a proper amount of fresh spinach, scald it in boiling water for about 3 minutes, and mix it with sesame oil. Twice a day.

Gastrodia elata tea: take 6 grams of Gastrodia elata, 3 grams of green tea and a proper amount of honey. Add a large bowl of water to Gastrodia elata, and boil for 21 minutes. Add green tea, boil for a while, take juice and add honey. 1 dose per day, twice warm.

antihypertensive tea: take 21g of Prunella vulgaris, 15g of Fructus Leonuri, 31g of Semen Cassiae, 61g of gypsum Fibrosum, 12g of Scutellaria baicalensis, 12g of Sophora japonica, 12g of Uncaria rhynchophylla and 12g of tea, add appropriate amount of water, boil for 21min, and take the juice. 1 dose per day, taken three times in the morning, noon and evening.

(3) Diet therapy for hyperlipidemia

Blood lipids, including cholesterol, triglycerides and phospholipids, all combine with some specific protein (or lipoproteins) to form lipoproteins for operation. When the content of cholesterol or triglycerides in the blood exceeds the normal value, it is called hyperlipidemia. Dietary factors are closely related to hyperlipidemia, and patients usually need diet therapy before medication. Therefore, mastering reasonable and scientific dietary principles is of great significance to patients with hyperlipidemia.

① control the intake of heat energy to maintain normal weight: because hyperlipidemia patients are often complicated with obesity, the blood lipid can be gradually reduced with the weight loss by limiting the intake of heat energy, and the intake of fat, especially saturated fatty acids, should be limited.

② Limit the intake of cholesterol in food: cholesterol is the main component in blood lipids. The daily cholesterol intake of patients with hyperlipidemia should be controlled within 211 mg. Avoid eating high-cholesterol foods, which mainly include egg yolk, animal viscera, brain marrow, roe, crab roe, mussels and snails.

③ Appropriate supplementation of protein: Patients with hyperlipidemia can eat beans or bean products properly, and some fish, especially marine fish, can be added to get high-quality protein and rich phospholipids and unsaturated fatty acids, so as to enhance their physical fitness and promote their early recovery.

④ control the intake of salt: the intake of salt should be less than 5g per day, and eat less sugar, fruit candy, stuffing candy, honey, cakes and canned foods containing more sugar. Cooking dishes and snacks should be done without sugar, and catering should be arranged reasonably. It is not advisable to eat too much at dinner to avoid gaining weight.

⑤ Patients with hyperlipidemia should keep their stools unobstructed and eat more high-fiber foods, including various vegetables and fruits, so as to facilitate the excretion of cholesterol. Usually, it is advisable to eat some foods that can reduce blood fat, such as ginger, garlic, onion, white radish, soybean sprouts, corn oil, tomatoes, fungus, seaweed and tea.

⑥ patients with hyperlipidemia can be supplemented with the following dietotherapy prescriptions.

stir-fried spinach with onion: 51g of onion and 251g of spinach. Wash the onion and spinach, put oil in the pot, stir-fry the onion and spinach when it is hot, add seasoning to taste and accompany the meal.

cucumber mixed with garlic paste: take 2 cucumbers and 1 garlic heads. Slice cucumber, chop garlic and mash, mix well and eat.

Fried asparagus: Take proper amount of asparagus, flour and seasoning. Tear off the old skin at the root end of asparagus, clean and cut into sections, mix with flour, wet starch, refined salt, sesame oil and water to make a paste, soak asparagus evenly, fry it in an oil pan until golden brown, take it out, and dip it in pepper, salt and tomato sauce.

mussel porridge: take 51g mussel and 11g japonica rice. Soak mussels in warm water, boil them first, remove the black heart in the middle, add japonica rice and water to cook porridge, add condiments, and take them warm every morning and evening.

Radish, winter melon and lettuce soup: Take 61g of white radish, 11g of winter melon peel and 15g of lettuce, add appropriate amount of water to the first three ingredients and decoct them twice a day.

onion beard coriander fungus soup: take 15g of onion beard, 21g of coriander and 31g of black fungus. Decoct the first three herbs with water, drink soup and eat auricularia auricula, 1 ~ 2 times a day.

boiled peanuts with radish: take 1 carrots and 51g peanuts. Wash, add water and cook, and take it once.

Lipid-lowering tea: Take 4 slices of ginger, 6 grams of Pogostemon, and 15 grams of lotus leaf, and decoct them in water for tea.

(4) Diet therapy for myocardial infarction

Patients with myocardial infarction can be treated with diet according to the following methods.

① In the acute phase, you should stay in bed completely, and you should take a liquid diet for 2-3 days. The daily total heat energy is 2.19-3.35 MJ (511-811 kcal), and the capacity is about 1,111 ml. The contents include lotus root starch, rice soup, vegetable water, tea, deoiled broth, light tea and so on. Eat more meals in small quantities to avoid eating too much at one time, so as to prevent the diaphragm from rising and increase the burden on the heart. It is not suitable to eat diets that can easily cause abdominal distension and irritation, such as soybean milk, milk and coffee. And adjust the supply of potassium and sodium in the diet in combination with the changes of electrolytes and illness.

② When the condition improves, we can appropriately increase semi-liquid food and gradually increase the heat energy to 4.18 ~ 5.12 MJ (1,111 ~ 1,211 kcal). Diet should be light and easy to digest and absorb. Fish, egg white, minced lean meat, broken vegetables, fruits, noodles, rice porridge, wonton, boiled fruits and so on can be eaten properly. You should still eat less and eat more meals, keep your stool unobstructed, and don't use too much force when defecating.

③ After 3-4 weeks, with the improvement of the patient's condition, the patient gradually resumed his activities and his diet could gradually transition to soft food. According to the dietary nutrition principle of low fat, low cholesterol and high polyunsaturated fatty acids. Fat should be limited to 41 grams per day, cholesterol should be less than 311 mg per day, and the P/S ratio should be greater than 1.

④ Pay attention to the balance of sodium and potassium, and increase the intake of magnesium appropriately. The food sources of magnesium are colored vegetables, millet, flour, meat and seafood. Sodium should be limited for patients with hypertension or heart failure, and the balance of water and electrolyte should be adjusted at any time in combination with the changes of clinical condition.

(5) Dietary therapy for heart failure

① In acute heart failure, liquid diet is the main diet within 2-3 days, with a daily total heat energy of 2.19-3.35 MJ (511-811 kcal) and a liquid volume of about 1,111 ml. Eat more meals in small quantities, and avoid too much at one time to prevent arrhythmia. Any flatulent and irritating liquid diet, such as milk, soybean milk, strong tea and coffee, is not suitable for eating. The condition improved and changed to a semi-liquid diet, and the total heat energy remained about 4.18 megajoules (1111 kcal) every day. After 3 ~ 4 weeks, with the improvement of the condition, the patient gradually resumed his activities and could eat soft food.

② Restrict protein appropriately. The special dynamic function of protein can increase the extra energy requirement of the heart, and it should be supplied at 1.8 g/kg body weight.

③ Appropriate fat supply. Fat produces high heat energy, which is not conducive to digestion. It stays in the stomach for a long time, making the abdomen full and raising the diaphragm and causing discomfort. It can be supplied at 41 ~ 61 grams per day.

④ select polysaccharide.