Majiapu Street is located in the southeast of Fengtai District. Majiapu Road borders Xiluoyuan Street in the east, the railway line to Dahongmen Railway Station borders Nanyuan Street in the south, Caoqiao East Road connects Xincun Street in the west, and the middle line of South Third Ring Road faces You 'anmen Street across the road in the north, with a length of 3.21 kilometers from north to south and a width of 1.53 kilometers from east to west, with a total area of 4.95 square kilometers. At present, there are 51,342 households. On March 27th, 1997, the Sub-district Office was officially put into operation, with 16 departments and 14 communities under its jurisdiction.
The name Majiapu began in the Qing Dynasty, and with the increase of the population, it became a big village. After the 1981s, with the development of Majiapu Community, it became a residential community. At present, there are large-scale shopping, entertainment, catering and commercial facilities such as Shoudi Grand Canyon Shopping Center and Hualian Shopping Center, as well as supermarkets such as Meilianmei, Yonghui, Carrefour and Lotte Mart, and there are office buildings such as Soubao Business Center, Ximeng Building and Tomorrow Times Sail. There are 79 central, municipal and district-owned units, including China Rehabilitation Research Center, China Construction Bank Computer Center, North Vehicle World, Beijing Opera Art Vocational College, Beijing Yiqing Advanced Technical School, Beijing Aquatic Products Corporation, Beijing Urban and Rural Construction Group, Beijing No.1 Printing Factory and Fengtai District Maternal and Child Health Hospital. There are 5 primary and secondary schools such as Zhao Dengyu School and Majiapu Primary School, 6 kindergartens such as Fengtai Art Kindergarten, 3 hospitals such as Pok Oi Hospital, 1 community service centers and local police stations.
the traffic in the area is convenient, and the main roads include 9 main roads, including South Third Ring Road, South Fourth Ring Road, Jiaomen North Road, Jiaomen Road, Jiahe Road, Jiayuan Road, Majiapu West Road, Majiapu Middle Road and Majiapu Road. Among them, Jiayuan Road and Majiapu West Road are the main urban traffic lines running through the second, third and fourth ring roads of the capital. There are 12 bus departure lines, Metro Line 4 and the second phase of Metro Line 11 under construction have four bus stops and one transfer station (Jiaomen West Station) within the jurisdiction.
The railway construction in the late Qing Dynasty experienced a long debate and was strongly opposed by the conservatives headed by Cixi. In the 21st year of Guangxu (1895), the Tianjin-Lu (Tianjin-Lugou Bridge) railway was built, and it was completed in 1898. Luhan (Lugouqiao to Hankou) Railway was built in 1896 and opened to traffic in 1916. In 1895, the railway was built in Fengtai and Fengtai Railway Station was built. From Fengtai to Majiapu in 1897, Majiapu Railway Station was built. Majiapu station is supervised by the British and has a western architectural style. Majiapu Railway Station, which is connected with the Jin-Lu Railway and Luhan Railway, has become the starting point to Hankou and Shenyang. Majiapu Railway Station is the earliest train departure station and terminal in Beijing, and also the main train station in Beijing. Nanyuan has a large scope, covering a wide range from the north of South Fourth Ring Road to South Sixth Ring Road, and from Jingkai Expressway to Jingjintang Expressway. Nanyuan is located in the ancient Yongding River basin, with low-lying terrain and dense springs. River water, rainwater and spring water have gathered for many years, forming several large water surfaces. At that time, the jishuitan in the north of the Forbidden City was called Beihai Zi, so it was called Nanhaizi, including a series of waters such as Yinlu Pool, Yanjing Lake, Dabaozi, Erhaizi, Sanhaizi, Sihaizi and Wuhaizi. In addition, Liangshui River, Xiaolong River and Fenghe River, which flow here, have created ideal hydrological conditions for biological reproduction, making aquatic and water-loving animals and plants flourish in this area.
Zeguo, a water town located at the foot of the Emperor and the suburb of the Imperial City, naturally won't go unnoticed. Since Liao and Jin Dynasties, feudal emperors have built gardens here for fishing and hunting. Mongolians who were born in the grassland and are good at riding and shooting also took a fancy to this water-rich hunting resort. Kublai Khan of Yuan Shizu came to Yanjing and built a small hunting ground "41 hectares wide" here, which was named "Dismounting, Flying and Berthing". After Zhu Di, the founder of Ming Dynasty, moved the capital to Beijing, he drove away all the residents living in Haizili, expanded the palace, built a wall of 1.21 miles around, and expanded the hunting ground of Yuan Dynasty by dozens of times. The "south autumn wind" in the ten scenic spots of Yanjing in the Ming Dynasty is the guide to Haizi area. After the Qing Dynasty entered the Central Plains, Nanhaizi was called Nanyuan. Although Xiyuan and Beiyuan were later built, it was still the largest hunting ground in Beijing at that time. Nanyuan once raised elk, and today there is an elk garden.
Nanyuan is mainly composed of four palaces, namely the Old Yamen Palace (also known as Deshou Temple, now named Old Palace), the Nanhongmen Palace (now named Nangong), the New Yamen Palace (now named New Palace) and the Tuanhe Palace. Now only Tuanhe Palace is left. At that time, Nanyuan was a forbidden garden. There were almost no people living in the garden and no farming. Only some people who maintained it were called Haidu. Due to the prohibition of reclamation, the water surface and land in the garden were like a water town in the north. In the Ming Dynasty, four gates were opened on the wall of Nanyuan, with Dahongmen in the north, Dahongmen in the south, Donghongmen in the east and Xihongmen in the west.
in the Qing dynasty, nine gates were added: south red gate (now south red gate in Daxing), back to the city gate in the southeast (now back to the city of Qingyun Store in Daxing), yellow village gate in the southwest (now yellow village in Daxing), Dahongmen in the north (now north of Dahongmen Interchange in Fengtai), xiaohongmen in the east (now xiaohongmen in Chaoyang District), Donghongmen in the east (now southwest of Haihutun in Tongzhou District) and Northeast. Like the gates of old Beijing, these gates have become place names.
In addition, some corner gates were built in succession in the Qing Dynasty, such as Zhazikou Corner Gate, Machaokou Corner Gate, Yangfang Corner Gate, Bijiawan Corner Gate, Fangxindian Corner Gate, Datun Corner Gate, Beidian Corner Gate, Sanjianfang Corner Gate, Liucun Corner Gate, Gaomidian Corner Gate, Panjiamiao Corner Gate, Majiapu Corner Gate, etc., totaling thirteen corner gates, symbolizing the Thirteen Taibao. Of these 13 corner gates, 12 have disappeared, leaving only the name of Majiapu Corner Gate (now simplified as Corner Gate), and its former site is at the west exit of Majiapu South Street.
in the Ming and Qing dynasties, it was located in the south of Majiapu Jiaomen, that is, near the northwest wall within the scope of the South Garden of Royal Garden. The surface condition was the lake. Its north is Majiapu Jiaomen, northwest is Zhenguo Temple Gate, northeast is Dahongmen, and southwest is Xihongmen. There are no decent roads around, only the dirt roads left by Haidu who goes in and out of Majiapu Corner Gate.
Turning to the map of Beijing in the late 1991s, we can see that the South Fourth Ring Road has not yet been built, and within 5km of Fiona Fang around Majiapu, there are still pieces of water, including Caoqiao Fishing Ground (south of the West Fourth Ring Road of Gongyi West Bridge), You 'anmen Fishing Ground (Phase II of Chengnan Home), Huaifang Outdoor Swimming Pool, Nanyuan Shuizi and so on, and the features of the water town remain vaguely. At the end of the Qing Dynasty, after the imperialist powers invaded Nanyuan, Nanyuan, which was painstakingly managed by Ming and Qing Dynasties, was devastated. After the signing of the Treaty of Xin and Chou, in order to make up for the emptiness of the national treasury, Nanyuan Supervision Bureau was set up in June of Guangxu twenty-eight years, selling the land in Nanyuan, and "reclaiming the vacant acres in Nanyuan". Since then, Nanyuan, which has been closed for more than 611 years, has been developed.
After the opening of Nanyuan, many bureaucrats, warlords, eunuchs and so on competed for food like wolves, and seized the land in the garden one after another and set up private manors. This situation continued until the Republic of China.
As a result, the villages in the garden have sprung up like mushrooms after rain. Because Nanyuan was a royal garden in the Ming and Qing Dynasties, most of the people who built manors here in the late Qing Dynasty and the Republic of China were rich and powerful, so they all gave elegant names to their manors, such as Jiuruzhuang (in the northeast of today's rack factory), Qianqingtang, an associate minister of Na Tong, Jishan Zhuang (Demaoxi), a trusted eunuch of Empress Dowager Cixi, and Li Lianying, the first general manager. Others include Sanhuaitang, Yushun Village, Yinghai Village, Duqing Village, Yile Village, Zhongxing Village, Heshun Village, Wanju Village, Baoshan Village, Guangde Village, Tianen Village, Fuyuan Village, Renyitang and so on.
The commonweal village was born at this time, and the location of commonweal village is next to the south Dahongmen railway station of today's commonweal bridge.
after buying land, these bureaucrats and dignitaries attracted a large number of poor people to open up wasteland for them. It is said that the poor farmers in other prefectures and counties have fled to Haizi one after another. Most of these people come from Hejian, Suning and other counties in central Hebei, but also from Shandong and Henan. Because the landlords in Haizi don't take in long-term workers with their families, they have to set up several small shacks in the wild. Later, when more people moved in, natural villages were formed, and most of the residents of these villages were fellow villagers. Take Yinghai Village as an example. Because all people live in Hejian, in ancient times Hejian was called Yingzhou, and this place was also called Haizili. Together, the words of the two places are called "Yinghai". North Tianjin Village in the southeast of the community was also born at this time (there is still a small village called South Tianjin Village in the west of Nanyuan Township today).
A while ago, the name of the terminal station of Beijing Metro Line 4 was initially called Gongyizhuang when soliciting public opinions. Explaining the reasons, it was said that Gongyizhuang Station was named after Gongyizhuang. The commonweal village used to be a manor, but the number of tenants increased day by day, so it is still in use today under the name of commonweal village. The east side of the station is Gongyi Village, and the south side is Gongyi West Bridge of South Fourth Ring Road, hence the name.
After liberation, Beijing Southeast Ring Railway was built, and a railway station was set up in Gongyizhuang, named dahongmen station, because it is not too far from Dahongmen in the east. Majiapu, located between the South Third Ring Road and the South Fourth Ring Road, is an area surrounded by Yuquanying Bridge, Yangqiao Bridge, Gongyi East Bridge and Majialou Bridge. According to the introduction of Majiapu Sub-district Office in Fengtai District, Majiapu area has become a village in the late Ming and early Qing Dynasties. It used to be a farmland vegetable garden, with four villages: Siqingsan, Beijinzhuang, Beijiadi and Majiapu. Before liberation, there were only rural roads except Majiapu Road, the dirt road leading from Beijing to Nanyuan in Ming and Qing Dynasties. Majiapu Road has long been an important passage to Nanhaizi. Later, the road was paved with asphalt, and Nanyuan Road was built nearby, which became an important way for Beijing residents to take the southern suburbs, while other unpaved dirt roads or narrow roads were still parallel. Only in recent ten years, the opening of Majiapu East Road, South Fourth Ring Road and Majiapu West Road has completely changed.
after liberation, due to the completion of Dahongmen Railway Freight Station, Majiapu Road became the only passage between the city and the railway station, and North Tianjin Zhuang became a small village outside the railway station. With the increase of people passing by, the village gradually extended northward along Majiapu Road.
after liberation, the west of Majiapu Road in the north of North Tianjin Zhuang, which is now the location of the residential area, was a low-lying water surface, and other areas were farmland, where crops such as rice or corn were planted.
Because it is far from the city, it has vast waters and good ecological environment. With the passage of time and the development of Beijing, Majiapu Road has gradually become an urban road, and the surrounding farmland has gradually become a residential area.