When New China was founded, the water system in Heze area was disordered, the drainage capacity was extremely weak, and floods occurred frequently. 1952 After the pilot project of Twelve Lianwa in Yuncheng County achieved good results, ditches and marginal fields were built throughout the city in order to intercept runoff, divert rainwater, infiltrate in situ and reduce water accumulation in depressions. The establishment of this project has indeed played a certain role in waterlogging control under the general rain pattern, but the waterlogging control standard of this project is low, and it is impossible to avoid waterlogging disaster when the rainfall exceeds the standard. Under the condition of lack of drainage facilities at that time, people realized that only by planning according to the drainage system can the waterlogging disaster be fundamentally solved. Therefore, from 1965 to 1972, according to the principle of "high water and high drainage, low water and low drainage, and separation of flood and waterlogging", Heze City has carried out large-scale water system adjustment, and successively excavated Dongyu River and Zhuzhaoxin River. The excavation and treatment of Dongyu River is of great significance to reduce the water level of Nanyang Lake and alleviate the flood disaster in Wanfu River Basin. After the excavation of Zhuzhaoxin River, it opened a road for the drainage in the upper reaches of Zhushui River and Zhaowang River, and reduced the flood pressure of Ji Liang Canal. During this period, the main and branch flows of Wanfu River, Taihang River and Old Yellow River were excavated and treated. After several years of water system adjustment and river regulation, five major water systems, Dongyu River, Zhuzhaoxin River, Wanfu River, Taihang River and the old course of the Yellow River, have been formed in Heze City, which has fundamentally changed the situation of waterlogging in heavy rain and flooding of small passengers in history.
In the 1970s, flood control projects still focused on waterlogging control, with the focus on supporting tributaries of drainage backbone rivers. The main tributaries such as the south branch of Dongyu River, the north branch of Dongyu River, Shengli River, Cuoyao River and Miju River have been excavated one after another, and a large number of drainage pumping stations and control buildings have been built, which has provided important water security for Heze's economic and social development. At the same time, 45 tributaries 100 square kilometers, 4 tributaries150 to 100 square kilometers, and 92 drainage ditches below 50 square kilometers were treated accordingly. The overall drainage capacity of Heze City is 6.5 times that of the early liberation. After the continuous rainstorm in Zhuzhaoxin River basin 1993, the main stream and tributaries of Zhuzhaoxin River in this basin were dredged that year, which widened the main water supply line of Yantan Yellow River. After 2000, the main tributaries of Dongyu River were dredged again. In the 2 1 century, Heze city has carried out large-scale supporting projects for rivers and irrigation areas, implemented the second-stage supporting projects for Dongyu River and Zhaozhuxin River, and continued supporting and water-saving reconstruction projects for six irrigation areas. From 2004 to 2006, 370 municipal bridges and 500 county bridges were repaired and rebuilt.
Heze City has successively established the project management offices of Dongyu River, Zhaozhuxin River, Yantan River and Xiezhai River, and strengthened the management of municipal key water conservancy projects. 1980 or so, the focus of water conservancy work in the city shifted from construction to management, and the "three inspections and three determinations" of water conservancy projects were carried out, including safety inspection, standard inspection, benefit inspection, measures determination, comprehensive management and development planning. Find out the engineering situation, establish technical files, strengthen management and improve economic benefits. In 2008, four unfinished project management units were reformed, and the source of funds for the project management office was changed from self-care to financial allocation. In 2005, the activities of "Four Excellent and None" Gate Management Institute were launched, with excellent team construction, excellent project management, comprehensive optimization of operation, beautiful gate environment and safe operation without accidents, which effectively promoted the stability of grassroots teams and improved the management level of gate management institutions. In 2008, the summer flood control and waterlogging elimination construction battle was organized and implemented, and the irrigation and drainage conditions in the field were effectively improved in addition to the annual winter farmland water conservancy capital construction.
After 60 years' construction and development, there are 99 rivers 199 with a drainage area of over 30 square kilometers in Heze City, with a river length of 3 157 kilometers. Among them, there are 30 rivers over 300 square kilometers, with a length of 949 kilometers; /kloc-30 rivers with 0/00-300 square kilometers, with a length of 832 kilometers; There are small tributaries with a length of 15 1 376 km below 100 km2. The main rivers are Zhuzhaoxin River, Zhushui River, Ganyun River, Yunju River, Yuncheng New River, Wanfu River, Dongyu River, the south branch of Dongyu River and the north branch of Dongyu River. The designed drainage flow is 16 19m3/s, the flood control flow is 3330m3/s, and the waterlogged area is 5.52 million mu. The number of existing wells in the city has reached 65.438+0.35 million eyes, with an average annual diversion of 65.438+0.2 billion cubic meters of Yellow River water. At present, Heze City has basically achieved the flood control and drought relief construction goals of "connecting rivers, communicating rivers and ditches" and "irrigation with dry energy and drainage with waterlogging energy".
Reservoir construction and reinforcement
Over the past 60 years, the construction of plain reservoirs in Heze City has gone through two important stages. In order to store water and develop irrigation, Taihang dike reservoir and Fugang reservoir were built. In order to supply water to urban and rural residents and enterprises, Xicheng Reservoir, Linpu Shahe Reservoir and Nanhu Reservoir were built. At present, there are large reservoirs 1 seat, 5 medium-sized reservoirs and 6 small reservoirs in Heze City, with a total storage capacity of 2150,000 cubic meters and a total storage capacity of 200 million cubic meters.
From 1958 to 1960, in order to divert water from the Yellow River and develop agricultural irrigation, Heze City built a bamboo-type Taihang dike reservoir group in Cao County by using the old Yellow River and the Houhe depression, and at the same time built three auxiliary reservoirs, namely Fugang, Branch Building and Danglou. The storage capacity of Chengwu Zhilou Reservoir and Danglou Reservoir is 0.4 billion cubic meters and 0.2 billion cubic meters respectively, which are formed by using dead depressions with perennial water accumulation. Fugang Reservoir is formed by the depression and saline-alkali land between Xianfeng Old Road in the south of Shan County and the second levee, with a storage capacity of 950 million cubic meters. The south dike of Taihang reservoir adopts the old Yellow River high beach, with an altitude of nearly 10 meter. The total area of the reservoir is 248 square kilometers. Seven reservoirs, namely Baimao, Weiwan, Liutong, Wanlou, Tushanji, Zhongdijian and Wangluji, are connected in series from top to bottom, with a total storage capacity of 940 million cubic meters. Gadicke is built between reservoirs and connected by connecting ditches. 1958 completed and seized. However, due to poor construction quality, weak seepage interception project and unsuitable irrigation project, the reservoir sluice collapsed, the surrounding land became salinized, and serious waterlogging occurred in the irrigation area. 1962 stopped water storage and farming, and immigrants from the reservoir area returned to the reservoir one after another to settle down. With the need of drought-resistant water for agricultural development, the third reservoir of Taihang Dam was restored in a small area on 1972, and Heze City began to use the third reservoir of Taihang Dam in Cao County and Fugang Reservoir in Shan County on 1983. Fugang Reservoir was included in the investment plan of Pingyuan Reservoir in Shandong Province on 1997, and construction started the following year. The reservoir area is 19 square kilometer, the total storage capacity is1040,000 cubic meters, and the total investment is 98.28 million yuan. It was put into operation in 2000.
In 2009, Heze carried out danger removal and reinforcement projects for Fugang Reservoir and Taihangdi Reservoir, with a total investment of 9,465,438+600,000 yuan. The main construction contents include dam project, reservoir sluice project, spillway tunnel project, water storage culvert project, water storage culvert project and pumping station project. The total investment of Taihang dike reservoir project in Cao Xian county is 54.69 million yuan. The main construction contents include dam enclosing project, diversion sluice project, flood discharge sluice project, sluice withdrawal project, flood discharge tunnel project and seepage and drainage pumping station project. The reinforcement works of the two reservoirs are planned to be completed by the end of 20 10.
In order to supply industrial water, Linpu Shahe Reservoir in Juancheng County was built at 1990, 24.8km away from Heze Power Plant, with a total storage capacity of12.25 million cubic meters. Since its completion, it has been supplying water to Heze Power Plant. Nanhu Reservoir in Development Zone was completed in 2008, which is a part of the sewage interception and diversion expansion project of Dongyu River. It covers an area of 1.300 mu and has a storage capacity of 4 million cubic meters. Mainly for urban industrial water supply, but also urban water conservancy scenic spots. In order to supply water to urban residents, the Xicheng Reservoir in Mudan District was completed in 2007. The reservoir is irregular octagonal, covering an area of 3,380 mu, with a storage capacity of12.9 million cubic meters. Xicheng Reservoir has solved the problems of insufficient water supply for production and life and poor drinking water quality in Heze City. In May 2009, Du Changwen, director of the Provincial Water Resources Department, pointed out that the Pingyuan Reservoir should be used to ensure people's drinking water safety. Subsequently, at the on-site meeting of the whole city's drinking water safety and flood control and waterlogging elimination project held in June, four changes were put forward for drinking water safety, namely, the working goal changed from drinking "convenient water" to drinking "safe water", the water source selection changed from groundwater to surface water, the planning idea changed from administrative division to water supply area, and the work focus changed from paying equal attention to progress and quality to progress priority. The surface water source mainly uses plain reservoirs to take water from the Yellow River.
In recent years, the construction of plain reservoirs in Heze City has developed rapidly, including Fugang Reservoir, Taihang Dike Reservoir, jiepai Reservoir, Yaziquan Reservoir, Xicheng Reservoir, Linpusha Reservoir and Nanhu Reservoir. Daye Reservoir, Wen Ting Lake Reservoir and Bart Reservoir under construction are about to be completed. In the next three to five years, each county will have at least one plain reservoir, and all reservoirs will be gradually connected in series to further improve the city's water resources security capacity. Over the past 60 years, the cause of soil and water conservation in Heze City has entered a historical period of vigorous development, with an accumulated investment of 88.96 million yuan and an area of 2 158.34 square kilometers to control soil erosion.
Heze city is located in the Yellow River beach area. Due to the repeated flooding of the Yellow River in history, the sandy area is large, the micro-topography is complex, and hills, slopes and depressions alternate with each other, resulting in serious soil erosion. There are two kinds of soil erosion in China: wind erosion and water erosion, and wind erosion is the main one. Wind erosion is the most serious from February to May, followed by165438+1October to 65438+1October of the following year, and water erosion is the strongest from June to September. In addition, with the acceleration of production and construction, resource development activities and urbanization, soil erosion has been aggravated artificially. The key areas of soil erosion in Heze City are mainly distributed in the old Yellow River, Donggou, Linpu Shahe, Yuncheng Xinhe and three sand belts left by the breach of the Yellow River in Dongming County. From 65438 to 0984, the office of soil and water conservation committee was established in Heze area, and soil and water conservation offices were also established in counties. Supervision and enforcement of soil and water conservation have been standardized and strengthened. There are 280 supervision and law enforcement teams in the city, which have carried out 360 law enforcement inspections of soil and water conservation and investigated and dealt with more than 50 illegal cases. Man-made soil erosion has been curbed to some extent. 1995 issued the "Heze area implementation"
Over the past 60 years, in order to comprehensively and effectively control soil erosion, Heze City has adhered to the soil and water conservation policy of "prevention first, overall planning, comprehensive prevention and control, adapting measures to local conditions, strengthening management and paying attention to benefits" and implemented centralized, continuous and comprehensive control. Focusing on sand control and soil improvement, aiming at increasing farmers' income and improving the ecological environment, paying equal attention to development and protection, ecological benefits and social benefits, organically combining soil erosion control with regional economic development and industrial restructuring, and achieving remarkable results. As of 20 10, the area of soil erosion control in Heze city is 2 158.34 square kilometers. Among them, * * basic farmland 1 14696 hectares, soil and water conservation forest 438 14. 1 hectare, farmland forest network 28239 hectares, grassland 1 104 hectares, and small-scale water storage and soil conservation will be built. A number of demonstration projects with high quality and good benefits have emerged in the city. Such as Juye Taiping, Dingtao, Yuncheng Xishahe, Shao Zhuang, Shanxianzhuang and Juancheng Zhanglou. All the areas where soil erosion is mainly controlled have achieved obvious ecological, economic and social benefits, bringing tangible benefits to local people. The average forest coverage rate in the treatment area has increased by 6.5438+02 percentage points, with an average annual increase of 4.6 million cubic meters of water storage and 357,000 tons of soil and water conservation, which can increase the annual grain output by 7.467 million kilograms and increase the economic income by 6.5438+04823 million yuan.
In recent years, under the guidance of the concept of harmonious coexistence between man and nature, with the protection of water and soil resources as the center and the construction of "ecological restoration, ecological governance and ecological protection" as the goal, Heze Water Conservancy Bureau has built an ecological demonstration small watershed. While continuing to strengthen the comprehensive control of soil erosion, we should fully rely on the self-repairing ability of nature to speed up vegetation restoration, reduce soil erosion and improve the ecological environment. At present, the newly implemented ecological restoration area is 1885 hectares.
With the acceleration of industrialization and urbanization, the scale of all kinds of infrastructure construction is expanding. Road construction, mining, real estate, earth borrowing, etc. , intensified the destruction of landscape vegetation and natural landscape, resulting in soil erosion. Heze Water Conservancy Bureau took the initiative to contact the project owners for their understanding and support. Intensify publicity, and actively publicize to the project unit the importance of preventing and controlling soil erosion, strengthening soil and water conservation, and fulfilling laws and regulations on soil and water conservation. Go deep into the front line, investigate and collect evidence, establish project files, and actively supplement the soil and water conservation plan of investment projects in cities and counties. By strengthening the supervision and management of development and construction projects, the compilation and implementation of water and soil conservation schemes for development projects have been effectively implemented. The city * * * collects more than 8 million yuan for the prevention and control of soil erosion and the compensation for soil and water conservation facilities. In the future, Heze City will adhere to people-oriented, pay attention to ecological construction, scientifically plan and implement, adopt diversified investment mechanisms, and strive to strengthen soil and water conservation. Over the past 60 years, with the great attention of the Party and the government, the water resources management in Heze City has adapted to the requirements of sustainable economic and social development, and vigorously strengthened the allocation, conservation and protection of water resources, which has played an important role in promoting the sustainable utilization of water resources and supporting social and economic development, and achieved remarkable results.
The available water resources in Heze city mainly include surface water, groundwater and Yellow River passenger water. The average annual precipitation in the city is 656 mm, and the annual available surface water resources are 62.65438+0 billion cubic meters, groundwater is 65.438+0.67 billion cubic meters, local per capita water resources are 243 cubic meters, and per mu water resources are 654.38+0.98 cubic meters. Since 1965, the Yellow River has drawn water12.78 million cubic meters annually on average.
Heze City has promulgated the Measures for the Protection of Surface Water Sources in Heze City, the Measures for the Management of Urban Water Conservation in Heze City and other laws and regulations, established a relatively complete legal system and institutional framework for water resources management, strengthened the functions and intensity of water resources management, and enhanced the social awareness of water resources management in our city. Through extensive water-saving publicity, enhance people's awareness of cherishing and saving water, create a water-saving social atmosphere, and make water-saving work deeply rooted in people's hearts. Vigorously promote new agricultural water-saving irrigation technology, actively guide farmers to abandon backward irrigation methods such as flood irrigation, and focus on developing water-saving irrigation methods such as sprinkler irrigation, micro-irrigation and Xiaobailong. Vigorously promote water-saving appliances in new urban residential areas, strengthen supervision over the implementation of water-saving renovation projects of industrial enterprises, strictly review the "water saving" of new projects, and bring water-saving work into the track of standardized management. Since 2006, the city's water consumption per 10,000 yuan of GDP has dropped by more than 9% every year.
Actively carry out water resources management and protection legislation, strictly implement various water resources protection measures, and improve water ecological environment. Refine water source protection measures, implement the responsibility of water source protection, strictly classify and manage the eight first-class surface water functional zones and 14 second-class water functional zones designated by the province, carry out the work of erecting monuments for water functional zones in the city, conduct laboratory tests on the water quality of major river sections in the city on a regular basis, and strengthen the inspection of river water intakes and sewage outlets. In 2008, a large-scale activity of closing self-prepared wells and strictly investigating illegal drilling wells was carried out, and the Measures for the Administration of Geothermal Air-conditioning Water in Heze City was promulgated to promote the standardized management of geothermal well exploitation and low-temperature air-conditioning water.
200 1, water affairs bureaus were established in counties and districts of Heze city. In 2007, we began to plan and promote urban and rural water coordination, and compiled the Investigation Report on Accelerating the Implementation of Urban and Rural Water Coordination Demonstration Project and the Planning Scheme of Heze Water Coordination Demonstration Project. On February 25, 2008, Heze Municipal Committee held a standing committee and decided to start the implementation of municipal water overall planning reform. All the institutions, functions, assets and personnel originally affiliated to the Municipal Construction Bureau, such as the Municipal Water Supply Company, the Xicheng Yellow River Diversion Reservoir, the Sewage Treatment Plant and the Water Saving Office, as well as the institutions, functions, assets and personnel originally affiliated to the Municipal Water Conservancy Bureau, such as the Municipal Flood Control and Drainage Office, the Zhaowanghe Park Management Office and the Huancheng Park Management Office, were transferred to the Municipal Water Conservancy Bureau. Breakthrough has been made in the comprehensive reform of urban and rural water affairs in Heze City, and the integrated management framework of water affairs has basically taken shape.
Actively carry out the preliminary work such as water resources investigation and evaluation, survey and design, strengthen the research on water resources and water environmental carrying capacity, and complete the water resources planning such as Heze Water Resources Investigation and Evaluation Plan, which laid the foundation for the scientific and orderly development and utilization of water resources in the city; Strict water resources demonstration system, where new projects need water, water resources demonstration report must be prepared, and water intake permit shall be handled according to law. In 2009, the city issued a new water intake permit; In 2007, 65.438 billion yuan was invested to build an information project of water resources management, and a water quantity monitoring system, a surface water monitoring system and a groundwater level monitoring system focusing on water users were built, and a water resources management information system was initially established. Standardize the user management of self-prepared wells, register all self-prepared wells in the city, and take photos of wells for archiving, which laid a foundation for strengthening water intake management. According to the requirements of the provincial government 1999No. 102 135, our city actively promotes the collection and management of water resources fees, and the collection standard and order of water resources fees are obviously standardized, and the collection amount is increasing year by year. The total collection of water resources fees in the city increased from less than 4 million yuan in 2003 to more than140,000 yuan in 2009. Heze's 60-year history of harnessing the Huaihe River has changed from the thinking mode of "man can conquer nature" to the concept of "respecting nature and maintaining ecology". Especially in recent years, Heze adheres to the goal of harmony between people and water, and forms an ecological water conservancy development framework with ecological rivers as the line, water conservancy scenic spots as the point and water ecological value as the soul, which effectively improves the carrying capacity of water resources and water environment.
Accelerate the management of ecological rivers. On the basis of basically completing the dredging treatment of the backbone river, the whole dike line was afforested and beautified, and an ecological corridor of 1000 km was built. Strict examination and approval management of river sewage outlets, strengthen the management of 22 water functional zones, adhere to regular monitoring of water quality in three river sections, and strive to promote water quality improvement. The sewage interception and diversion project of Dongyu River was expanded, and the storage capacity was increased from 4 million cubic meters to 8 million cubic meters.
Strengthen the ecological development of water resources. Promulgated the "Measures for the Protection of Surface Water Sources in Heze City" to strictly protect key reservoirs, rivers and urban water supply sources. Establish the idea of drinking water safety with the Yellow River water as the water source, speed up the replacement of reservoir functions, plan to build new plain reservoirs 10, and actively build a drinking water safety engineering system. Standardize the examination and approval management of water intake permit, effectively conserve groundwater sources, and close 2 10 self-prepared wells in Heze City, effectively curbing the phenomenon of groundwater overexploitation.
Strengthen soil erosion control. Adhere to the principle of "prevention first, overall planning, comprehensive prevention and control, adjusting measures to local conditions, strengthening management and paying attention to benefits" and implement centralized, continuous and comprehensive treatment. Soil erosion control area is 2 158.34 square kilometers. Among them, * * * has built basic farmland 1 14696 hectares, soil and water conservation forest 438 14. 1 hectare, farmland forest network 28239 hectares, and grass planting1kloc-0/04 hectares. The control area has an average annual water storage and water conservation of 4.6 million cubic meters and soil conservation of 357,000 tons.
Strengthen the ecological management of water bodies. Heze City's existing sewage pipe network130km, with a coverage rate of 30%; Four sewage treatment plants have been built and under construction, with a daily sewage treatment capacity of 6.5438+0.9 million tons and a sewage treatment rate of 85%. Every year, the exchange water for Zhaowanghe Park and Huancheng Park is nearly 654.38 billion cubic meters, and the daily property cleaning management of park water bodies is strengthened. 2.6 million fry were put into Zhaowanghe Park, and the structure of aquatic ecosystem was gradually established.
Strengthen the ecological construction of water conservancy projects. Strive to realize the organic combination of water conservancy project, ecological environment and human landscape construction in the planning, design and construction of water conservancy project. The sewage interception and diversion project of Dongyu River being implemented is not only a public welfare project to intercept the reclaimed water discharged from some counties and strengthen the reuse of reclaimed water, but also a unique landscape belt across the south of Heze City. After the project is completed, an ecological water area of 15. 1km will be built, with a river width of 190m and a water area of about 5,350 mu, forming a green streamer in the south of Heze.
Accelerate the construction of water conservancy scenic spots. The city has formed a 1 1 water conservancy scenic spot. Zhaowanghe Park is 8 kilometers long with a total area of 3,046 mu, of which the water surface area is 1.457 mu. From south to north, it is divided into four landscape areas: urban park, cultural leisure green space, diversity theme park, wetland ecological protection and tourist area, which has become the most modern, local characteristics and ecological value landscape zone in Heze City. Relying on the original moat, the park around the city is 6 kilometers in circumference, including a water belt around the city, two cultural settlements, three squares, ten park attractions and many leisure green spaces. The planned total area is 1950 mu, of which the water surface area is 830 mu, forming an ecological landscape park with lush trees, lush green grass and evergreen seasons, effectively improving the ecological environment of the old city of Heze.