1. Why do you want to write a data analysis report

In essence, a data analysis report is a form of communication, the main purpose of which is to convey the analysis results, feasible suggestions and other valuable information to managers. It needs to properly package the data, so that readers can make a correct understanding and judgment of the results, and can make targeted, operational and strategic decisions based on them.

the data analysis report has three main functions, namely, showing the analysis results, verifying the analysis quality, and providing reference for decision makers.

1. Show the analysis results

The report clearly shows the data analysis results to decision makers in a specific form, so that they can quickly understand, analyze and study the basic situation, conclusions and suggestions of the problem.

2. Verify the analysis quality

In a way, the analysis report is also a summary of the whole data analysis project. Through the description of data analysis methods and the processing and analysis of data results in the report, the quality of data analysis is tested, and decision makers can feel that this data analysis process is scientific and rigorous.

3. Providing decision reference

Most data analysis reports are time-sensitive, so the conclusions and suggestions obtained can be used as an important reference for decision makers. Although most decision makers (especially senior managers) don't have time to read the analysis report, in the decision-making process, the conclusions and suggestions of the report or other relevant chapters will be read emphatically, and the final decision will be assisted according to the results. Therefore, the analysis report is one of the important sources of second-hand data for decision makers.

second, what is the data analysis report?

before writing a report, we usually go through six steps: target determination, data acquisition, data cleaning, data sorting, description analysis, insight into conclusions, and finally writing a data analysis report.

data analysis report is an analytical and applied style that uses data to reflect, study and analyze the status quo, problems, causes, essence and laws of things, draw conclusions and propose solutions according to the principles and methods of data analysis.

This style is one of the main tools for decision makers to know things, understand things, master information and collect relevant information. The data analysis report evaluates the environment and development of things through all-round scientific analysis, providing scientific and rigorous basis for decision makers and reducing risks.

III. Writing Principles of Data Analysis Report

A complete data analysis report should determine the scope around the objectives, follow certain premises and principles, systematically reflect the existing problems and reasons, and further find out the solutions to the problems. The following four principles need to be followed.

1. Normality: the terminology used in data analysis reports must be standardized, standardized and consistent, and consistent with the terminology recognized in the industry

2. Importance: data analysis reports must reflect the key points of data analysis. In all data analysis, key indicators should be selected and analyzed by scientific majors. In addition, for the same kind of problems, the analysis results should be classified according to the importance of the problems.

3. Caution: The compilation process of data analysis report must be cautious, the basic data must be true and complete, the analysis process must be scientific and reasonable, the analysis results must be reliable, and the content must be realistic.

4. Innovation: The development of science and technology is changing with each passing day, and many scientists have put forward various new research models or analysis methods. Data analysis report needs to introduce these contents in time, on the one hand, it can verify or improve them with actual results, on the other hand, it can let more people know about brand-new scientific research achievements and carry them forward.

iv. types of data analysis reports

due to the differences in the objects, contents, time and methods of data analysis reports, there are different types of reports. Several commonly used data analysis reports include thematic analysis report, comprehensive analysis report and daily data bulletin.

1. Thematic analysis report

Thematic analysis report is a kind of data analysis report that studies a certain aspect or a certain problem of social and economic phenomena. Its main function is to provide decision-making reference and basis for decision makers to formulate a certain policy and solve a certain problem. The thematic analysis report has the following two characteristics:

(1) Simplicity: the thematic analysis report does not need to reflect the whole picture of things, but mainly analyzes a certain aspect or a certain problem, such as the analysis of user loss, the analysis of improving user consumption and the analysis of improving enterprise profit rate.

(2) in-depth: because the content of the thematic analysis report is single and the key points are prominent, it is easy to concentrate on grasping the main issues for in-depth analysis. It should not only describe the problem in detail, but also analyze the causes of the problem and put forward practical solutions. This requires a certain depth of understanding of the company's business, from perceptual to rational, remember to skim the water and talk in general.

2. Comprehensive analysis report

A comprehensive analysis report is a data analysis report that comprehensively evaluates the business or other development of a region, unit or department. For example, the world population development report, the national economic development report, the operation analysis report of a certain enterprise and so on. The comprehensive analysis report has the following two characteristics:

(1) comprehensiveness: the objects reflected in the comprehensive analysis report, no matter a region, a department or a unit, must take this region, this department and this unit as the overall analysis, stand on the overall height, reflect the overall characteristics, make an overall evaluation and get an overall understanding. When analyzing the overall phenomenon, we must comprehensively and comprehensively reflect all aspects of the object. For example, the 4P analysis method mentioned in the analysis methodology is to analyze the operation of enterprises from four angles: product, price, channel and promotion.

(2) Relevance: The comprehensive analysis report should comprehensively and systematically analyze some interrelated phenomena and problems. This comprehensive analysis is not a simple listing of comprehensive data, but on the basis of systematic analysis of the index system, it examines the internal and external relations between phenomena. The focus of this connection is the proportional relationship and the balanced relationship, and whether their development is coordinated or not is analyzed and studied. Therefore, data analysis reports that reflect the relationship between indicators from a macro perspective generally belong to comprehensive analysis reports.

3. Daily data bulletin

Daily data bulletin is a data analysis report based on regular data analysis report, which reflects the implementation of the plan and analyzes the impact and causes. This kind of data analysis report is generally carried out regularly according to the time stages such as day, week, month, season and year, so it is also called periodic analysis report.

daily data communication can be thematic or comprehensive. This kind of analysis report is widely used by all enterprises and departments. The daily data report has the following three characteristics:

(1) Progress: Since the daily data report mainly reflects the implementation of the plan, it is necessary to analyze the progress of the plan implementation and the progress of time, and observe and compare whether the two are consistent, so as to judge the quality of the plan completion. Therefore, some necessary calculations are needed to highlight the progress through some absolute numbers and relative data indicators.

(2) Normality: The daily data bulletin basically becomes the routine report of the data analysis department, which is provided to the decision makers regularly. Therefore, this kind of analysis report has formed a relatively standardized structural form. Generally, it includes the following basic parts: reflecting the basic situation of plan implementation, analyzing the reasons for completion or unfinished, summarizing the achievements and experiences in plan implementation, finding out the existing problems, and putting forward measures and suggestions. The title of this kind of analysis report is also relatively standard, which generally does not change much. Sometimes, in order to maintain continuity, the title only changes the time. For example, Business Development Bulletin on XX

(3) Timeliness: it is the most timely analysis report, which is determined by the daily data bulletin and the nature and tasks. Only by providing all kinds of information in the process of business development in time can we help decision makers grasp the initiative of enterprise experience, otherwise they will lose the opportunity and delay their work. For most companies, these reports are mainly expressed by the series of software such as Word, Excel and PowerPoint in Microsoft Office. These three softwares have their own advantages and disadvantages, as shown in the figure:

V. Structure of data analysis report

Data analysis report does have a specific structure, but this structure is not static. Different data analysts, different bosses, different customers and different data analysis may have different structures in the final report. The most classic report structure is "total-sub-total" structure, which mainly includes three parts: opening, text and ending.

In the data analysis report structure, the opening part of the "total-sub-total" structure includes a title page, a table of contents and a preface (mainly including the analysis background, purpose and ideas); The body part mainly includes the specific analysis process and results; The last part includes conclusions, suggestions and appendices. These parts will be introduced in detail below.

1. Title page

The title page needs to indicate the title of the report, which should be concise and capable, and should be completed in one or two lines according to the requirements of the layout. Title is a kind of language art, and a good title can not only express the theme of data analysis, but also stimulate readers' interest in reading. Therefore, it is necessary to pay attention to the production of title to enhance its artistic expression.

(1) commonly used types of titles

a. Explain the basic viewpoints: they are often expressed in opinion sentences, pointing out the basic viewpoints of data analysis reports, such as "Keeping high-value customers can not be ignored" and "Voice business is an important pillar of company development";

B. Summarize the main contents: focus on describing the basic facts reflected by the data and summarize the main contents of the analysis report, so that readers can grasp the center of the full text, such as "Our company's sales volume is 31% higher than that of last year" and "The company's business operation in 2111 is good";

C. Explain the analysis subject: reflect the analysis object, scope, time and content, but not point out the opinions and opinions of analysts, such as Ways to Develop the Company's Business, Operation Analysis in 2111 and Comparative Analysis of Departmental Business in 2111;

D. Ask questions: ask questions to analyze the report, which will arouse readers' attention and thinking, such as Where are the customers lost? What is the key to the decline of the company's income? How did you get the profit of 15 million?

(2) Requirements for making the title

A. Direct: The data analysis report is a style with strong application, and it is directly used. Therefore, the title must use unambiguous language to express the basic ideas directly and directly, so that readers can understand the basic spirit of the data analysis report at a glance and accelerate their understanding of the report content.

B. Exactness: The title should be written in accordance with the title, with a moderate width and a proper expression of the characteristics of the content and object of the analysis report.

C. Conciseness: The title should directly reflect the main content and basic spirit of the data analysis report, so it must be highly generalized and expressed in a concentrated, accurate and concise manner with fewer words.

(3) the artistry of the title

In addition to meeting the three basic requirements of directness, accuracy and conciseness, the title writing should also strive to be fresh, lively, unique and artistic. To make the title artistic, it is necessary to grasp the characteristics of the object to expand the association, and appropriately use rhetorical devices to highlight and emphasize it, such as "My market is my own" and "I have an appointment with my customers". Sometimes, the author of the report should also appear under the title, or the name of the department should be given in the report. For future reference, the date of completion of the report should also be indicated, which can reflect the timeliness of the report.

2. Contents

Contents can help readers find what they need quickly and conveniently. Therefore, the names of the main chapters of the report should be listed in the contents. If you write a report in Word, you should add the corresponding page number after the chapter name. For the more important secondary directories, you can also list them. Therefore, from another perspective, the table of contents is equivalent to the data analysis outline, which can reflect the analysis idea of the report. But the table of contents should not be too detailed, because it makes people feel lengthy and time-consuming to read.

In addition, usually, the senior managers of companies or enterprises don't have time to read the complete reports, and they are only interested in some of the analysis conclusions displayed by charts. Therefore, when there are not a large number of charts in written reports, we can consider making the charts of each chapter into a separate catalogue for more effective use in the future.

3. Preface

The writing of the preface must be well thought out and whether the front content is correct, which plays a decisive role in whether the final report can solve business problems and provide effective basis for decision makers. The frontier is an important part of the analysis report, which mainly includes three aspects: analysis background, purpose and thinking: Why do you want to carry out this analysis? What's the point? What problems should be solved through this analysis? To what end? How to carry out this analysis, mainly through which aspects?

(1) Analysis background

The main purpose of explaining the background of data analysis is to make the reading of the report understand the background of the whole analysis and research, and mainly explain the main reasons of this analysis, the significance of the analysis, and other relevant information, such as the development status of the industry.

(2) Analysis Purpose

The purpose of the analysis stated in the data analysis report is to let the readers of the report know what effect this analysis can bring and what problems can be solved. Sometimes the research background and purpose are combined into one.

(3) Analysis ideas

Analysis ideas are used to guide data analysts how to conduct a complete data analysis, that is, to determine the contents or indicators that need to be analyzed. This is the key point in analytical methodology, and it is also a problem that many people often feel confused about. Only under the guidance of marketing and management theory can we ensure the integrity of data analysis dimensions and the validity and correctness of analysis results.

4. Text

The text is the core part of the data analysis report, which will systematically and comprehensively describe the process and results of data analysis.

when writing a text report, according to each analysis content determined in the previous analysis ideas, the analysis is carried out step by step by using various data analysis methods, and the text of the report is formed by combining charts and words, which is convenient for readers to understand.

The main body expresses the opinions of the report writer and the core part of the research results by expanding the topic, analyzing and demonstrating the arguments, so the main body accounts for the vast majority of the analysis report. A report can't be done only with ideas and opinions. It must be scientifically and rigorously demonstrated to confirm the rationality and authenticity of the views and convince others. Therefore, it is extremely important to demonstrate the theme of the report.

The main body of the report has the following characteristics: it is the longest theme part of the report, contains all data analysis facts and opinions, combines analysis with data charts and related texts, and all parts of the main body have logical relations.

We usually organize the report logic through the golden pyramid principle. What are the core viewpoints of the whole report, which sub-viewpoints are constructed, and what are the data supporting each sub-viewpoint, as shown in the figure:

5. Conclusions and suggestions

The conclusion is the analysis result based on the data analysis result, which is usually explained in summary words. It is not a simple repetition of the analysis results, but a combination of the actual business of the company.