Emergency plans, sometimes referred to as "plans", refers to the people's governments at all levels and their departments, grass-roots organizations, enterprises, institutions, social groups, etc., in order to respond to emergencies in accordance with the law, quickly, scientifically, in an orderly manner, and to minimize the emergencies and the losses caused by them. And the work program formulated in advance.
At present, the policies and regulations on emergency plan management include the Emergency Response Law of the People's Republic of China (Presidential Decree No. 69), Emergency Response Regulations for Productive Safety Incidents (State Council Decree No. 708), Measures for the Administration of Emergency Response Plans for Emergencies (State Council Decree No. 101 of 2013), Measures for the Management of Emergency Response Plans for Productive Safety Incidents (Ministry of Emergency Management Decree No. 2), and so on. Decree No. 2), etc. In addition, the national standard Guidelines for the Preparation of Emergency Response Plans for Production Safety Accidents by Production and Operation Units (GB/T 29639-2020) was revised and implemented on April 1, 2021, which is of great significance in guiding the preparation of emergency response plans by production and operation units. For these policies and regulations, the person in charge of the production and operation unit and relevant personnel should study carefully.
Second, which units need to prepare an emergency plan
Since 2005, China began to organize the preparation of the overall national emergency plan for public emergencies, as well as responding to natural disasters, accidents and disasters, public **** health and social security and other aspects of the special and departmental emergency plans, the provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government) has completed the preparation of the overall provincial emergency plan. Now, provincial, municipal and county governments throughout the country have prepared general emergency plans, and have also prepared a large number of special and departmental emergency plans in accordance with local conditions; the preparation of emergency plans for all streets, communities, townships and conditional administrative villages, as well as for all types of enterprises and public institutions throughout the country has been basically completed, resulting in a "vertical to the end, horizontal to the edge, and external to the point" emergency plan system. The emergency plan system.
The second paragraph of Article 5 of the Regulations on Emergency Response to Production Safety Accidents, which came into effect on April 1, 2019, clearly stipulates the preparation of emergency response plans by production and operation units: production and operation units should carry out risk identification and assessment for the characteristics and hazards of production safety accidents that may occur in the unit and formulate corresponding emergency response plans for production safety accidents, and publish these plans to the employees of the unit. Publicize it. In other words, as long as there is a production safety risk, production safety accidents may occur in the production unit, that is, the need to formulate emergency response plan for production safety accidents.
Third, the classification of the production unit emergency plan
Emergency plan can be divided into three levels: First, prior preparation, that is, through the hazard identification and analysis of the consequences of accidents, the use of technology and management means to reduce the probability of emergencies under the premise of risk assessment results in emergency preparedness. Second, emergency response, in the event of an emergency, in accordance with the emergency response procedures and methods, can quickly respond to nip the impact in the bud. Third, rescue, that is, in response to the emergency that has occurred, the ability to use a predetermined emergency rescue program to control the development of the situation and reduce losses.
The production and management unit emergency plan is divided into a comprehensive emergency plan, special emergency plan and on-site disposal program. Production and management units of the main person responsible for the organization and implementation of the unit's emergency plan, and the authenticity and practicality of the emergency plan is responsible for; the person in charge should be in accordance with the division of responsibilities for the implementation of the duties set out in the emergency plan.
Comprehensive emergency plan refers to the production and management units to deal with a variety of production safety accidents and the development of a comprehensive work program, is the unit to deal with production safety accidents in the overall work procedures, measures and emergency preparedness system of the general outline. Production and management units with many types of risks and the possibility of multiple types of accidents should organize the preparation of a comprehensive emergency response plan. Comprehensive emergency plan should provide for emergency response organizations and their responsibilities, emergency response system, accident risk description, early warning and information reporting, emergency response, security measures, emergency response management and other content.
Specialized emergency plan refers to the production and management units to deal with one or more types of production safety accidents, or for important production facilities, major sources of danger, major activities to prevent production safety accidents and the development of special work programs. The special emergency plan should specify the emergency command organization and responsibilities, disposal procedures and measures.
On-site disposal program refers to the production and management units according to different types of production safety accidents, for specific places, devices or facilities developed by the emergency measures. Site disposal program focuses on standardizing the description of the risk of accidents, emergency response responsibilities, emergency response measures and precautions, should reflect the self-help and mutual aid, information reporting and prior disposal of the characteristics. For dangerous places, devices or facilities, production and management units should be prepared on-site disposal program. On-site disposal program should provide emergency response responsibilities, emergency response measures and precautions and other content.
The production and operation of special emergency plans and comprehensive emergency response plan in the emergency organization, emergency response procedures are similar, may not write a special emergency plan, the corresponding emergency response measures into the comprehensive emergency plan. For a single accident risk, the danger of small production and management units, can only prepare the site disposal program.
Fourth, the production and operation of the preparation of emergency plans
(a) the preparation of requirements
"production and operation of production safety accidents in the preparation of emergency plans guidelines" (GB/T 29639-2020) new version on April 1, 2021 implementation. Although the national standard is a recommended standard, but reference to the implementation of the 2013 version can be seen, the early preparation and evaluation of emergency plans in accordance with this standard, the importance of its self-evident.
The new version of the guidelines focuses on modifying and standardizing the procedures for preparing emergency plans, adding emergency resource surveys and desktop exercises; modifying "emergency capacity assessment" to "emergency resource surveys", which is more in line with the actual situation; and increasing the details of the evaluation of emergency plans, emphasizing the seriousness of the evaluation. In the comprehensive emergency plan, the "purpose of preparation" was removed and the "risk assessment results" was put into an annex to improve readability; in the special emergency plan, the "scope of application" was added and the "risk assessment results" was removed and the "risk assessment results" was put into an annex to improve readability. In the special emergency plan elements, "scope of application" is added and "accident risk analysis" is removed to enhance the relevance; in the annex to the emergency plan, "overview of the production and operation unit" and "plan system and connection" are added, emphasizing that the emergency plan should be prepared in a timely manner. ", emphasizing that the emergency plan must be compatible and convergence. It is reasonable to believe that the new version of the guidelines will actively promote the enhancement of the level of emergency rescue, and truly realize the production of emergency response unit emergency plan preparation from "there" to "excellent" and then "fine", to provide scientific guidance for the success of the accident rescue. The accident rescue success to provide scientific guidance for the curbing of serious accidents to provide a strong guarantee.
The unit of the original unexpired version of the old emergency plan, in principle, do not need to immediately revise or re-programming, according to the requirements of the new guidelines for appropriate updating and supplementation, can increase the revised page and other parts of the content, or in the original plan issued within three years of the appropriate early start of the revision work.
(B) Preparation process
1. Establishment of the working group for the preparation of emergency plans. Combined with the departmental functions and division of labor, the establishment of the unit responsible for the unit (usually refers to the unit members of the leadership team, can also be slightly less than the leadership team members of the special business leaders) as the leader of the unit, the unit related departments (such as production, technology, equipment, safety, administration, personnel, financial personnel) to participate in the preparation of the emergency preparedness working group, a clear division of responsibilities and tasks, develop a work plan, organize the preparation of emergency preparedness. To carry out the preparation of emergency plans, the preparation of the working group should be invited to the relevant rescue team as well as the neighboring relevant enterprises, units or community representatives to participate.
2. Data collection. Preparation of the working group should collect the following relevant information: applicable laws and regulations, departmental rules, local laws and government regulations, technical standards and normative documents; enterprise surrounding geology, topography, environmental conditions and meteorological, hydrological, traffic information; enterprise site functional area division, building (structure) layout and safety distance information; enterprise process, process parameters, operating conditions, equipment and devices and risk assessment information; the history of accidents in this enterprise, and the community. The information; the enterprise history of accidents and hidden dangers, domestic and foreign accidents in the same industry information; belong to the local government and neighboring enterprises, units of the emergency plan.
3. Risk assessment. To carry out risk assessment of production safety accidents, write an assessment report, the content includes but is not limited to: identification of production and operation of the existence of dangerous and harmful factors, to determine the possible occurrence of production safety accidents category; analyze the possibility of various types of accidents, hazardous consequences and the scope of the impact of the assessment to determine the risk level of the corresponding categories of accidents.
4. Emergency resources survey. Comprehensive investigation and objective analysis of the unit as well as neighboring units and government departments can request assistance in the emergency resource situation, write a report on the investigation of emergency resources, its content includes but is not limited to: the unit can be called on the emergency team, equipment, materials, places; for the production process and the existence of risk can be taken to monitor, control, alarm means; higher units, the local government and neighboring enterprises can provide emergency resources; can be coordinated with the use of medical, firefighting, professional and technical personnel; can be used in the field of emergency response; can be used in the field of emergency response. Coordinate the use of medical, fire, professional rescue agencies and other socialized emergency rescue forces.
5. Emergency preparedness. Production and management units should follow the preparation of emergency plans people-oriented, in accordance with the law, in line with the actual, pragmatic principle of emergency response as the core, reflecting the characteristics of self-help and mutual rescue and pre-emptive treatment to achieve a clear responsibility, standardized procedures, measures and science, as far as possible, simple, charts, process.
The preparation of on-site disposal program can be based on the type of accident, but also based on the place, device or facility preparation. In order to "useful tube with good use" as a starting point, do not have to mechanical rigidity, should be combined with the actual enterprise, flexible development of targeted, operational site disposal program. Enterprises can be based on the actual situation, the independent decision whether to organize an expert review demonstration.
6. desktop rehearsal. According to the emergency plan clear division of responsibilities and emergency response procedures, combined with the relevant lessons learned, the relevant departments and their personnel can take the form of table-top exercises, simulated production safety accidents to respond to the process, and gradually analyze the discussion and the formation of the record, test the feasibility of the emergency plan, and further improve the emergency plan.
7. Emergency plan review or demonstration. After the completion of the preparation of the emergency plan, the production and management units should be organized in accordance with the relevant provisions of laws and regulations review or demonstration. Mines, metal smelting enterprises and flammable and explosive substances, hazardous chemicals production, operation (with storage facilities), storage, transportation enterprises, as well as the use of hazardous chemicals to reach the national regulations on the number of chemical enterprises, fireworks production, wholesale and operating enterprises and medium-sized and above the other production and operation units should be prepared by the unit of the review of the emergency response plan and the formation of a written summary of the review. Participants in the emergency plan review may include relevant safety and emergency management, experts with experience in on-site disposal. Other production and management units can be based on their own needs, the unit prepared by the emergency plan for demonstration. Emergency plan demonstration can be carried out by way of deduction. Demonstration of no specific requirements to achieve results, improve the quality of the plan as a starting point, whether to hire experts and hire what experts from the enterprise independent decision, no mandatory requirements.
The evaluation or demonstration of the emergency plan should focus on the completeness of the basic elements, the rationality of the organizational system, emergency response procedures and measures, the pertinence of the emergency safeguards, the feasibility of emergency response and emergency plans, such as the articulation of the contents of the plan. Emergency plan review, should include no less than three experts on safety and emergency management, take the form of a meeting, the formation of a written review.
8. Emergency plan approval and implementation. Through the evaluation of the emergency plan, issued by the production and management units of the main person in charge of the implementation.
Emergency plan according to the review and argumentation revised and improved by the production and operation of the unit's main person in charge of signing the announcement to the unit's employees, and issued in a timely manner to the unit's relevant departments, positions and related emergency rescue teams. Accident risk may affect the surrounding other units, personnel of the production and operation units, should be related to the nature of the accident risk, the scope of influence and emergency precautions to inform the surrounding other units and personnel.
Fifth, the production and operation of emergency plans for the record
(a) the record requirements
At present, China's production and safety accidents emergency plans for the record, mainly based on the "production and safety accidents and emergency plan management approach". The Measures provide that production and operation units in key industry sectors (production, operation, storage and transportation units of hazardous materials such as flammable and explosive substances and dangerous chemicals, mining, metal smelting, urban rail transit operations, building construction units, as well as hotels, shopping malls, entertainment venues, tourist attractions and other personnel-intensive places of operation), should be in accordance with the hierarchical principle and affiliation, and submit the emergency response plan to the Ministry of Transportation and Communications of the People's Republic of China (the Ministry of Transportation and Communications of the People's Republic of China (the Ministry of Transportation and Communications of the People's Republic of China) for recordation within 20 working days from the date of its publication. principle and affiliation, to the people's government at or above the county level emergency management departments and other departments with responsibilities for supervision and management of production safety for the record, and according to the law to the community.
The plans other than the emergency response plan for production safety accidents should be filed with the relevant authorities in accordance with relevant laws and regulations. The current "Earthquake and Disaster Prevention and Reduction Act", "Nuclear Safety Act", "Environmental Protection Act", "Solid Waste Pollution Prevention and Control Act", "Air Pollution Prevention and Control Act", "Water Pollution Prevention and Control Act", "Prevention and Control of Infectious Diseases Act", "Food Safety Act", "Wildlife Protection Act", etc., on the relevant types of emergency response plan for the record put forward the requirements, but also to clarify the relevant departments to carry out the emergency response plan filing responsibilities. At the same time, "Emergency Plan Management Measures" at all levels and types of emergency plans for the record also has clear provisions, emergency plan approval unit should be issued within 20 working days after the emergency plan in accordance with the following provisions to the relevant units for the record: local people's government general emergency plan sent to the people's government of the previous level for the record; local people's government special emergency plan copied to the people's government of the previous level of the relevant departments for the record; Departmental emergency plans to the people's government at this level for the record; involving the need for joint emergency response with the local government of the central unit of the emergency plan, should be filed with the local people's government at the county level; laws and administrative regulations provide otherwise from its provisions.
(B) the record need to provide materials
1. Emergency plan for the record declaration form;
2. Mining, metal smelting enterprises and flammable and explosive substances, hazardous chemicals, production, operation, storage, transportation enterprises, as well as the use of hazardous chemicals to reach the national number of chemical enterprises, fireworks production, wholesale and operating enterprises and medium-sized and above the other Production and operation units, should provide emergency plan review, other units to provide argumentative materials;
3. Emergency plan electronic documents and official documents;
4. Risk assessment results and emergency resources survey list.
Six, the production and operation of the emergency response plan exercise
Emergency response plan exercise refers to the people's governments at all levels and their departments, enterprises and institutions, social organizations and other organizations and personnel, based on the relevant emergency response plan, simulated response to emergencies, can play a role in the test plan, improve the preparedness of the team, training, grinding mechanism, science and technology, such as publicity and other roles. Emergency preparedness drills can be divided into desktop drills and combat drills according to the form of organization; single drills and comprehensive drills according to the content; and testing drills, demonstration drills and research drills according to the purpose and role.
The organization and implementation of emergency preparedness drills is divided into emergency drill preparation, emergency drill implementation and emergency drill evaluation and summary of three stages. Emergency drill preparation is to organize the implementation of emergency drill activities and all the preparatory work, including the establishment of the drill organization, the preparation of documents (including the work program, scripts, assessment programs, security programs, observation manuals, publicity file), the organization of the drill security work. The implementation of the emergency drill includes site inspection, drill briefing, initiation, execution, recording, interruption, and conclusion. Exercise evaluation summary includes internal and external evaluation of the exercise, on-site summary of the exercise, and comprehensive summary after the end of the exercise. The main content of the drill summary report includes the basic outline of the drill, the problems found, experience and lessons learned, as well as recommendations to improve the work concerned.
The production and management units should develop their own emergency plan drill plan, according to the unit's accident risk characteristics, at least once a year to organize a comprehensive emergency plan drills or special emergency plan drills, at least once every six months to organize on-site disposal program drills.
Key industry sectors production and operation units (flammable and explosive substances, hazardous chemicals and other dangerous goods production, operation, storage, transportation units, mines, metal smelting, urban rail transit operations, building construction units, as well as hotels, shopping malls, entertainment venues, tourist attractions and other personnel-intensive places of operation), should be at least every six months to organize production safety accidents, emergency response plan drills.
Departments of the government above the county level that are responsible for the supervision and management of production safety should conduct random inspections of the emergency response and rescue plan drills for production safety accidents of key production and operation units in the administrative area, and if the drills are found to be not in line with the requirements, the departments should be instructed to make corrections within a certain period of time.
The signing of rescue mutual assistance agreements or closer production and operation units, production and construction units in the same area can organize joint emergency drills.
Emergency drills should be recorded text, pictures and video and other information and archives.
VII, the production unit of the assessment of the emergency plan
After the emergency plan exercise, the emergency drill organization should assess the effectiveness of the plan exercise, write a drill assessment report, analyze the problems, and the emergency plan to put forward revised views. Production and management units should establish a regular evaluation of the emergency plan system, the content of the plan to analyze the relevance and practicality, and whether the emergency plan needs to be revised to give the conclusion.
"Jiangsu Province, the implementation of emergency response plan management approach to production safety accidents rules" requires that non-coal mines, metal smelting enterprises and the production, operation and storage of hazardous chemicals, as well as the use of hazardous chemicals to meet the national requirements of the number of chemical enterprises, fireworks wholesale and operating enterprises and medium-sized (including) above the other production and management units, at least once every three years, the emergency response plan assessment The assessment of the emergency response plan can be conducted by inviting relevant professional organizations to participate in the assessment. The evaluation of the emergency plan can invite the personnel of relevant professional organizations, relevant experts, and personnel with practical experience in emergency rescue work to participate, and can be entrusted to the implementation of safety production technical service organizations when necessary. When an accident occurs in a production and operation unit, it should start the emergency response at the first time and organize relevant forces to carry out rescue. Emergency response and emergency rescue after the end of the emergency plan should be summarized and assessed the implementation of the emergency plan, revised and improved.
Eight, the production unit of the emergency plan revision
According to "Production Safety Accident Emergency Plan Management Measures" Article 36, one of the following circumstances, the emergency plan should be revised in a timely manner and archived:
1. Based on the laws, regulations, rules, standards, and the relevant provisions of the previous plan has undergone significant changes;
2. Adjustment of the command organization and its responsibilities;
3. Significant changes in the risk of production safety;
4. Significant changes in the important emergency resources;
5. Emergency drills and emergency response to accidents and rescue found that the need to amend the plan of the major issues;
6. Preparation of the unit believes that should be revised in other cases.
IX, production and management units of the emergency plan of legal responsibility
According to the "Chinese People's Republic of China *** and the State Safety Production Law" Article 97 of the provisions of the failure to formulate emergency plans in accordance with the provisions of the emergency plan or failure to regularly organize emergency plan drills, ordered to make corrections within a period of time, and impose a fine of less than 100,000 yuan; overdue corrections, ordered to suspend production and rectify the situation and impose a fine of 100,000 yuan above 200,000 yuan The following fine, the directly responsible person in charge and other personnel directly responsible for the fine of 20,000 yuan or more than 50,000 yuan.
In accordance with the "Measures for the Administration of Emergency Response Plans for Production Safety Accidents" (Order No. 2 of the Ministry of Emergency Management), the first paragraph of Article 45, the production and operation unit has one of the following circumstances, the emergency management department of the people's government at or above the county level shall order a period of time to make corrections, and may impose a fine of 10,000 yuan above 30,000 yuan below: (1) before the preparation of emergency response plan is not carried out in accordance with the provisions of the risk identification, assessment and investigation of emergency response resources (2) not in accordance with the provisions of the emergency plan review; (3) accident risk may affect the neighboring units and personnel, not the nature of the accident risk, the scope of influence and emergency precautions to inform the neighboring units and personnel; (4) not in accordance with the provisions of the assessment of emergency plans; (5) not in accordance with the provisions of the emergency plan revision; (6) not to implement the provisions of the emergency plan of the emergency supplies and equipment.
In accordance with the "Production Safety Accident Emergency Plan Management Measures" (Order No. 2 of the Ministry of Emergency Management), the second paragraph of Article 45, the production and management units are not in accordance with the provisions of the emergency plan for the record, by the people's governments at or above the county level emergency management departments in accordance with their duties and ordered to make corrections within a certain period of time; overdue corrections are imposed a fine of 30,000 yuan or more 50,000 yuan, and on the directly responsible persons in charge of the directly responsible persons and other directly responsible persons, a fine of 10,000 yuan or more 20,000 yuan. Responsible personnel shall be fined 10,000 yuan or more than 20,000 yuan.