Just should be avoided, the name of the younger generation can not have the same word with the name of the close relatives of the elders.

The avoidance of taboo is a phenomenon unique to Chinese feudal society, about the Zhou, into the Qin, the prevalence of the Tang and Song, to the Qing Dynasty is more complete and dense. At that time, people can not call the emperor or honored elders or direct book of its name, otherwise there is a taboo and the risk of imprisonment or even loss of head. A common way to avoid taboo is to use the same or similar meaning of other words to replace the word to avoid. In this way, Chinese history has seen a lot of people's names and places or things to change the name of the strange phenomenon.

There are four types of objects to be avoided:

One is the emperors, who avoided the names of contemporary emperors and emperors of their own dynasties. Such as in the period of Liu Xiu, Xiu Cai was changed to Mao Cai; Qianlong had an imperial edict in the door not allowed to have the four words, in order to avoid the name of Shunzhi Emperor Fulin. Sometimes even have to avoid the name of the Queen, such as the name of the Queen Lu pheasant, the courtiers encounter pheasant to be called pheasant.

Second, the taboo officer that subordinates should be taboo officer himself and his father's ancestor's name. Even some arrogant officials strictly ordered their subordinates and the people to avoid their names. Lu You compiled the "notes of the old school" recorded a story: a state official called Tian Deng is not allowed to subordinates and the people in the state called his name, but also not allowed to write his name, to the fifteenth day of the first month of the usual lamps for three days. The official who wrote the notice did not dare to write the word "lantern", but changed it to "This state will set fire for three days as a rule". This has led to the joke that "only the state officials are allowed to set fire to the people's lamps".

The third is to avoid the sages, mainly refers to the avoidance of the most sacred master Confucius and the saint of the name of Mencius, some dynasties also avoid the name of the founder of the Chinese nation Huangdi, some also avoid the name of the Duke of Zhou, and even avoid the name of the Laozi.

Fourth, avoid the elders, that is, avoid the name of parents and grandparents. When interacting with others should avoid each other's elders of the taboo, otherwise extremely rude. Tang Dynasty poet Li He's father's name Jin, "Jin" and "into" the same sound, so Li He life can not lift the scholar. Dream of Red Mansions" in Lin Daiyu's mother called Jia Min, so Lin Daiyu wherever encountered the word Min are read as rice or rice.

Ancient people often need to avoid, they are careful to summarize the various methods of avoidance:

Change the shape of the word. Some changed to use the same (near) meaning of words to replace the need to avoid the word. For example, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, the well-known apologist Kuai Che changed his name to Tong. The name of Emperor Gaozong of the Tang Dynasty was Zhi (治), so the people of the world replaced the word Zhi (治) with Li (理). Sometimes you can also avoid taboo by adding or subtracting strokes. For example, Qiu ancestors originally surnamed Qiu, but Confucius name Qiu, in order to avoid taboo will add an ear. From the Song Dynasty are to avoid the word Qiu, write often to omit a stroke, some writing □ or space is not written.

Change the sound of the word. For example, the first emperor of Qin Shi Huang's name is Zheng, so the first month of the month is about to be read as Pingsheng. Some read a certain word instead of a word, read the word should be avoided to read a certain.

For example:

January of the lunar calendar in ancient times was also called "political month", this is because the ancient emperors were to be in the first month of the year to accept the civil and military officials of the pilgrimage, and to decide on a year of political affairs. During the Qin Dynasty, the name of Qin Shi Huang, who was born in January and named "Winning Zheng", was changed from "Political Month" to "First Month". The "zheng" in "first month" was no longer pronounced as "zheng" but as "zheng" (征).

Qin Shi Huang's father's name was Zi Chu. The name of his father was Zi Chu, which was then changed to Jing.

The name of Empress Lu was Pheasant. At that time, the word Pheasant was replaced by the word "pheasant" in all documents.

The name of Emperor Wen of the Han Dynasty was Liu Heng, so he renamed [女亘chang]'娥' to 'Chang'e', and Hengshan (恒山) to 'Changshan (常山)'.

Han Wu Di called Liu Che, Han Feudal Society Qin Shi Huang Han Wu Di Tang Taizong at the beginning of a well-known debater called Kuai Che, history books on the Kuai Che was renamed Kuai Che as "Kuai Tong".

The Han Guangdi named Liu Xiu, once changed the name of Xiu Cai to "Mao Cai".

The Han Ming Emperor, whose name was Liu Zhuang, went so far as to change the name Zhuangzi to Yanzi at that time.

The Tang Emperor, Li Shimin, changed the name of the Ministry of Civil Affairs, one of the six central ministries, to "Ministry of Households".

Song Renzong name Zhaozhen, steamed buns steamed bread "steam" word will have to be changed to "cooking" word.

What's more, Song Gaozong name structure, in order to avoid "structure" and involved enough, coitus, purchase,遘****** avoidance of the word up to more than 50!

Methods of avoidance

Change of words

When encountering the word to avoid the use of other words instead.

Empty words

Don't fill in the words to be avoided when encountered.

Missing Stroke Method

When encountering a word to be avoided, write one less stroke on the word.