water pollution: 1, Hanjiang problem 2, Longhugou problem 3, red tide problem. Solid waste: 1, littering phenomenon 2, garbage bins distribution 3, psoriasis problem 4, white pollution noise pollution 1, building construction 2, street traffic air pollution

1, locomotive exhaust emission 2, street barbecue < P > Hanjiang River Basin problem < P > Basic evaluation of the ecological environment of Hanjiang River Basin (1) The quality of water resources is good and basically stable according to the monitoring results of environmental monitoring center stations in various cities in the region, In 1997, except for the pollutants in Changsha section of Meijiang District, the water quality of the main stream in Meizhou section was slightly out of the standard, and the water quality of other end faces met the national standard of surface water environmental quality above Class ii, and the water quality in Chaozhou section met Class ii standard, and the compliance rate of main drinking water sources in urban areas was 111%. The water quality in Shantou section has also maintained a good state, but the contents of nitrogen, oxygen, nitrite, nitrogen and bacteria in the water have increased year by year, and some rivers flowing through towns have begun to be seriously polluted.

(2) Initial achievements have been made in the construction of ecological environment. The atmospheric environment in the whole basin has reached the national second standard, and the sulfur dioxide pollution is the lowest in the province. Chaozhou has built a smoke control area with an area of 37.7 square kilometers. Shantou city has built a smoke control area with an area of 84.36 square kilometers, with a coverage rate of 95.1%, and the noise pollution level has been reduced. In 2197, Shantou city has built 11 environmental noise standard areas with an area of 51.5 square kilometers, with a coverage rate of 58.1%. In recent years, the Hanjiang River Basin has built a large number of ecological public welfare forests, and the forest coverage rate has been significantly improved. The main problem facing environmental protection is

(1) Soil erosion in the upper reaches is still serious. The problems such as river bed elevation, reservoir, waterway and port siltation caused by soil erosion have not been completely controlled.

(2) Water environmental pollution has a worsening trend, wastewater discharge is increasing year by year, and wastewater treatment rate and discharge compliance rate are low; The river sections flowing through cities and towns, especially the Lianjiang River flowing through Chaoyang City, are seriously polluted, resulting in water quality shortage; The coastal waters are also polluted. In 1997, the wastewater discharge of Shantou City increased by 16.8% compared with that of 1996, and by 11.52% compared with that of 1991. The contents of nitrogen oxide, nitrite nitrogen and bacteria in Hanjiang River water increased year by year, and the lack of water quality in Chaoyang City has greatly restricted its economic development.

(3) The urban environmental quality has declined, the total amount of exhaust gas has increased, the urban air quality has declined day by day, and the motor vehicle exhaust gas has declined. Some construction projects failed to implement the environmental assessment report and the "three simultaneities" system, resulting in new pollution. In 1997, the waste gas emission of Shantou City was 13.841 billion cubic meters, an increase of 4.971 billion cubic meters over that of 196, and an increase of 7.761 billion cubic meters over that of 191.

(4) The demand for capital investment in pollution source control is large, the financial pressure is great, the control task is heavy, and the monitoring equipment is backward. It is difficult to meet the needs of the continuous development of environmental protection.

Supplement: In recent years, the Hanjiang River, which is known as the "mother river" of Chaoshan, has fallen from the water level, resulting in "fish floating in the shallow bottom", the emergence of beaches, passing ships and extremely rare conditions. Although the dry season of Hanjiang River has been a problem for many years, it is necessary to maintain shipping by dredging and dredging for a long time, but recently the Hanjiang Water Supply Hub Project in Chaozhou officially entered a critical construction stage. The Mianhuatan Hydropower Station in Yongding County, Fujian Province, is shut down to store water, so the phenomenon of low water is more serious. The low water situation in Hanjiang River may not be alleviated until the flood period.

The problem of Longhugou

It is a well-known thing that Longhugou stinks. For many years, the surrounding residents have been suffering from the stench because of unreasonable construction planning. The problem of Longhugou has always been a disturbing problem. Long-term domestic sewage is discharged at will without treatment. The breeding of flies and mosquitoes in the ditch not only affects the appearance of the city, but also brings great inconvenience to the lives of nearby residents: doors and windows are closed for a long time, so people can't enjoy fresh air, and the ditch surface is overgrown, so people can't bear to see it. Tracing back to its roots, it is the chaotic drainage system, the restriction of management system, the imperfect supporting facilities, etc.

According to some historical records, previous reports and materials, we know that the pollution sources in Longhu ditch used to be mainly solid waste and domestic wastewater. Over the years, with the improvement of the quality of residents living around and the improvement of garbage management, domestic wastewater has become the main pollution source.

From the ecological point of view, the domestic wastewater of residents near Longhugou is mainly discharged into Longhugou through drainage pipes, while the flow of the source of Longhugou is very small, and it will pass through countless residential areas all the way to the sea. It can be seen that there are many sewage discharged into Longhugou, which mainly contains nitrogen and phosphorus. There is organic matter, which makes algae and heterotrophic bacteria in the ditch water multiply in large numbers and compete with other organisms in the water for nutrients and oxygen, so that organisms that can't get nutrients and oxygen die. The ditch water we see is black and dark green, and it has a foul smell, which is mainly the reason.

Red tide problem

Red tide phenomenon is becoming more and more frequent all over the world, and its harm is becoming more and more serious, and Shantou is no exception. In offshore areas, due to agricultural wastewater, The discharge of domestic sewage is increasing day by day, coupled with the pollution caused by shallow sea and beach culture in recent years, the pollution load in coastal waters is increasing, which is the cause of frequent red tides. The inorganic nitrogen concentration in water is in parallel with the use of chemical fertilizers. Domestic sewage, livestock manure and a large amount of nitrogen put in cage culture at present directly lead to the sharp increase of inorganic nitrogen in seawater.

The harm caused by red tides cannot be underestimated. Especially for Shantou, where the economy is starting to develop, the impact is even greater. When red tide algae proliferate rapidly, it consumes a lot of nutrients in seawater. When the latter is exhausted, red tide algae can't continue to grow and die in large numbers. Bacteria in seawater then decompose their oxygen consumption, consuming a lot of dissolved oxygen in seawater, forming an anoxic and anaerobic environment, thus causing suffocation and death of young fish, invertebrates and cultured animals in fish habitats. Some red tide algae themselves are poisonous, and will follow.