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Coffee culture

As a representative of fashion and delicacy, coffee has been favored by countless beautiful women. However, if we don't pay attention to the time, it will do harm to the health of coffee beauties.

Coffee contains caffeine, which will stimulate sympathetic nerves after entering the body, thus eliminating drowsiness, improving blood circulation and making the body feel warmer without fatigue, so it has a "refreshing" effect. But the stimulation and excitement of sympathetic nerve has a negative effect on appetite, that is, appetite will decrease, so drinking coffee before meals will make you unwilling to eat. In addition, because the stomach is stimulated, the secretion of gastric juice increases, which stimulates fasting, which is not good for patients with gastric ulcer. This can be said to be the negative effect of coffee. But drinking after meals will help digestion, because the secretion of gastric juice will increase. So it's absolutely no problem to drink after meals. In addition, some people think that adding some milk can alleviate its stimulating effect, but how much caffeine can a small amount of milk neutralize? Unless it is half milk and half coffee, making coffee milk or milk coffee may be effective. For example, drinking coffee and milk for breakfast, because milk is more than coffee, although it is drunk on an empty stomach, it still has the effect of relieving gastric juice. The ideal thing is to drink it after meals, which is beneficial and harmless. One of the benefits is to prevent allergic attacks. Asthma or allergic rhinitis is caused by parasympathetic nerve excitation of allergic system. If we can stimulate the sympathetic nerve and inhibit the parasympathetic nerve, it will help to prevent the attack. Especially for patients with severe allergies, some slight incentives can cause physical discomfort, coupled with psychological fear of allergies, often out of control. Therefore, it is suggested to use caffeine to have a cup of coffee in advance (the patient can feel it himself) when allergies and asthma are about to attack, which is quite preventive. In addition to the exciting effect of caffeine, patients also have a sense of security after drinking coffee, and the possibility of seizures is small.

Of course, the so-called "too much is too late", no matter how good things are, we must "enough is enough." Otherwise, whether drinking before or after meals, excessive caffeine will cause palpitations (heart beating badly), and even side effects such as trance and unstable walking center of gravity.

In principle, two or three cups of coffee a day are appropriate. Most people will feel sick if they drink four or five cups, so be careful. In principle, no matter what kind of stimulating drinks, it is better not to exceed three cups a day.

(1) Colombia

-coffee production ranks second in the world, second only to Brazil. Coffee beans are picked and washed by hand. The best Colombian coffee is as famous as Jamaican Blue Mountain coffee and Costa Rican coffee, and is listed as a classic variety. Its aroma is rich, its acidity is moderate, its color is rich, and its taste is slightly alcohol, which is generally acceptable.

(2) Costa Ricans

-It has all the characteristics of coffee. Strong fragrance and high acidity. Good Costa Rican coffee will give people a strong feeling.

(3) Caffeine-free Colombian coffee

-before frying coffee beans, remove caffeine to avoid oil secretion in beans.

④ Quatmara Antigua.

-produced in the old Antigua suburb of Guatemala, hence the name. Its color, aroma and sour taste are very strong and special, which is different from other varieties of origin and is a good choice for people who like espresso.

5] Kenya AA (Kenya AA)

-It is found on the hillside of Mount Kenya near Nairobi, Kenya, at an altitude of 17000 feet. Kenya AA is the largest coffee bean in the country, followed by A and B. Its unique bitterness and wine taste are the most praised. The richness is not as good as that of the famous Moga and Ethiopia.

(6) Mocha Ji Ma

-named after the ancient Arabian port in the Red Sea. This variety is produced in Ethiopia. After cleaning, Mojia has low acidity, moderate concentration, rich flavor, slippery if frozen, and the aftertaste is similar to chocolate.

(7) Santos of Brazil

Brazil is the largest coffee producer, accounting for more than 30% of the world, so coffee is generally named Brazil to show its importance. Sandoz is a good Brazilian coffee, which is only grown in Sao Paulo. It has good color, fragrance and taste, moderate acidity and is easy to accept.

(8/9) Java/Sumatra Indonesia

-Indonesian coffee is famous for its rich flavor and high acidity. Among them, mandolin and Ancora coffee are considered to be the best varieties in the world, which are highly respected for their rich Lintong flavor and the fragrance on teeth and cheeks after drinking.

(10) Mysore, India

-Mild color and fragrance, low acidity and generally rich taste.

(1 1) malagpe

-Maragogipe is one of the coffee tree species, with huge fruit and strong permeability. Low acidity, moderate color and fragrance.

(12) Kona, Hawaii

-The most famous variety of Hawaiian coffee, produced in Kona Island near the low slope of the Pacific Ocean, is famous for its moderate concentration, slight acidity, light wine taste and extremely fragrant smell when fresh.

(13) Noble Coffee

There is a coffee variety that has been blown by the humid monsoon for several weeks. Its coffee beans are yellow, sweet and slightly sour. Because of the infinite reverie caused by the growth process, it has a special mood, so it is regarded as the most detailed variety. Among the monsoon coffees, the one produced on the coast of Manaba is the best.

(14) New Guinea

-This product is planted in rugged mountain areas, which is lighter than coffee produced in Indonesia, slightly less fragrant and sour, and it is desirable to be plain and mellow.

(15) Blue Mountain in Jamaica

-The advantages and disadvantages of Shanshan Coffee are obvious. The best is the Blue Mountain in Jamaica, which is produced on the plateau. In recent years, it is highly respected and is the forefront of coffee, which is expensive. This variety is impeccable in color, smell and acidity. At present, the blue mountain coffee bought in the world market has been improved, retaining the traditional strong color, aroma and acidity to adapt to the taste of coffee lovers.

Coffee culture in Italy

There are two things to be careful about when traveling to Italy: first, men; One is coffee. In Italy, coffee and men are actually two different things, with the same effect, so there is a famous Italian saying: men should be as strong and enthusiastic as good coffee! In recent years, the Italian coffee named Espresso in English has been well known to coffee lovers in China. This pure black coffee is thick and fragrant, with a layer of golden foam floating on the surface. It is thick and boiling, like a devil who escaped from hell. It's unforgettable. The characteristics of Italian coffee are reflected in its English name, which is a fast word; I finished it in less than ten seconds, because there were only two or three mouthfuls. The average Italian makes a cup of coffee as soon as he gets up. Men and women drink almost from morning till night. Coffee shops called BAR can be seen everywhere in the street, selling a cup of coffee of about 400 lira, about 10 yuan NT, for people to stand and drink it off.

Italians drink an average of 20 cups of coffee every day. Coffee beans mixed with Italian coffee are the deepest fried beans in the world, which accords with the special function of instant coffee extraction in Italian coffee pots. Because the weight of a cup of Italian coffee is only 50 cc, and the consumption of coffee beans is only six to eight grams, this seemingly rich coffee actually does not hurt the stomach at all, and even helps digestion! There is also a drinking method of Italian coffee with milk, called cappuccino, which uses the steam of Italian coffee pot 130 degrees Celsius to soak the milk first and then float on the black coffee. Sweet milk, pure white and lovely; The charming espresso devil suddenly became a wonderful angel under its embellishment!

Coffee culture in Turkey

Coffee in the ancient Middle East, like the legendary myth in Arabian Nights, is a veiled girl with thousands of faces, which can not only help to get close to God, but also wash away the sad spring.

If you want to talk about coffee, you can't help but mention Middle East (Turkey) coffee, because from the standpoint of Islam or Christianity, the origin of coffee is in the remote and mysterious Zhongdongshan District. 13 to 15 centuries later, the Muslim religious community banned the role for 300 years. /kloc-In the 6th century, coffee was officially introduced into Turkey, and began to be commercialized, and spread to the European continent rapidly. This popular coffee drinking method in Greece, Eastern Europe, the Middle East and North Africa, commonly known as Turkish coffee or Arabic coffee, still maintains the mystery of early religious ceremonies.

In traditional Turkish coffee, roasted black coffee beans are ground into fine powder, and then sugar and cold water are put into a deep spoon-shaped coffee pot (IBRIK) made of red copper. After slow boiling, repeated stirring and adding water for about 20 minutes, a small cup of 50 cc espresso is finished. Because the local people don't filter coffee, this cup of coffee as thick as soup is poured into the cup, not only with sticky foam on the surface, but also with dregs at the bottom. In the Middle East, being invited to someone's house for coffee represents the most sincere respect for the host. Therefore, in addition to praising the mellow coffee, guests should also remember not to drink water even if it is full of dregs, because it implies that coffee is not delicious. Arabs drink coffee slowly, and they even have a set of exquisite coffee lanes. Just like the China Tea Ceremony, when drinking coffee, you should not only burn incense, but also sprinkle spices and smell it. A dazzling array of coffee pots is full of Arabian nights. A cup of Middle Eastern coffee, clove, cardamom and cinnamon, is full of fragrance when it is hot. No wonder Arabs praise that musk is as charming as the human heart.

Coffee culture in Vienna

Coffee is something that Viennese talk about and are proud of. Viennese even compare it with music and waltz, and call it "the three treasures of Vienna", which shows the love between Viennese and coffee. Some people say that Vienna is "five steps and one coffee", which may be the poet's exaggeration, but there are indeed many cafes in Vienna. From the coffee kiosks on street corners where people stand and drink, to the coffee shops where students gather near universities, and then to the luxurious coffee shops next to theaters and the Imperial Capital, there are at least dozens of them, some of which open at 6: 30 in the morning and don't close until 2: 00 in the morning. Therefore, it is no exaggeration to say that the air of "Music City" is filled with not only the rhythm of music, but also the fragrance of coffee.

The history of Viennese drinking coffee can be traced back to17th century. At that time, there were many cafes in many cities in Islamic countries, and coffee has become an indispensable part of people's lives. But in Europe, people still don't know what it is

1683, Turkey attacked Vienna for the second time. At that time, Austrian Emperor Obeid I signed a military alliance with Polish King Augustus II, and the Austrian-Polish Coalition forces crushed the Turkish attack. The fleeing Turkish army abandoned a large number of weapons and ammunition and hundreds of big bags containing mysterious brown beans on the battlefield around the walls of Vienna. The winning Viennese didn't know what to do with the beans. As it happens, Kolszicki, a Polish spy lurking in the Turkish army, once tasted the thick black drink cooked with this baked adzuki bean in Constantinople. Turks call it "Kahve", which is now coffee. As a reward, the Poles got all the coffee seized on the battlefield and opened the first coffee shop in Vienna history. Today, there are still many cafes claiming to be the first opened by Poles to attract customers.

But at first, the coffee shop business was not good, and Viennese still preferred drinking tea. Later, the businessman changed the recipe and added milk to his coffee. The effect is surprisingly good, and it was all the rage in the 80s of 17. To this day, coffee is still the most popular drink in Vienna, although there are many kinds.

Drinking coffee has become a part of life in Vienna. In a laid-back atmosphere, people can get together with friends, play chess, read books, write books, read newspapers (usually providing newspapers from many countries) or watch TV in an inconspicuous corner as long as they pay for a cup of coffee. Some coffee shops have their own kind of customers-countries, writers or politicians, while most coffee shops are crowded with all kinds of customers. The most famous cafe in Vienna is the central cafe in the city center. Before World War I, it was always a gathering place for famous poets, playwrights, artists, musicians and diplomats. Some people say that it is the cradle of many Austrian poems, plays and novels, which may be exaggerated, but Mozart, Beethoven, Schubert and "Waltz Dynasty" Strauss and his son were all frequent visitors here. Today's Central Cafe is very prosperous, but no matter how crowded, guests can stay as long as they want, which is a century-old tradition of Vienna Cafe.

There are many famous cafes in Vienna, which are always closely related to some famous people in the past or present. Viennese like to tell tourists which artists and writers often meet in which cafe, and which politicians like to meet reporters in which cafe. There are many kinds of coffee in Vienna, from black coffee to various colors of milk coffee, each with its own characteristics, suitable for different tastes and names. Therefore, if you simply ask for a cup of coffee as soon as you step into a coffee shop in Vienna, the waiter will be at a loss, because there are at least 40 kinds of coffee. If you don't know much about coffee, but want to experience the unique atmosphere of Vienna cafe, then order the "Melange" we mentioned earlier. This kind of espresso is completely Viennese and has an endless aftertaste. No matter what kind of coffee you want, you will get a glass of water at the same time-for no reason, just because the water in Vienna is particularly cold and delicious. But if the waiter brings the guest a second glass of water, it means "you have stayed here too long".

Viennese like sweets. They like to add a delicate dessert when ordering a cup of coffee. There are many desserts in Vienna, but when drinking coffee, people like Gugelhupf best, which is a unique hollow egg roll in Vienna.

Having newspapers, pictorial and magazines for readers is a major cultural feature of Vienna Cafe. This feature also has a historical origin. It is said that before coffee was widely accepted, many cafes in Vienna had to provide newspapers for free to attract customers, because newspapers were expensive at that time, and the price of a newspaper was twice that of a cup of coffee. Of course, this hospitality function of newspapers no longer exists today, but this practice has been preserved and constitutes the cultural taste of Vienna cafes.

Coffee culture in San Francisco

San Francisco is really a paradise for holidays. The cultural and historical landscape is pleasing to the eye, the restaurant food is surprising, and the richness of the hotel is beyond imagination. There are also various cultural performances and sports in American big cities that tourists expect.

Looking down at San Francisco from the air, the city is as neat as a transistor radio: exquisite Victorian buildings, square parks, beautiful beaches, beautifully decorated skyscrapers, beautiful street views reflected by reflective glass, and winding expressway stretching into the towering business district.

The strongest sound in San Francisco is the enthusiasm of immigrants, which is an intoxicating cultural mixture: Italians, China, Spaniards, Japanese and South Asians with their own characteristics are scattered in different settlements in California. It is this city that has given us the "beat generation", the "hippie" revolution, gay demonstrations and yuppies. Whether you like raving or Frank sinatra, whether you are addicted to ballet or prefer skateboarding, you can find fun here. Welcome to San Francisco, because it is the most generous city in America and one of the greatest cities in the world.

Sometimes, San Francisco looks like a replica of Europe, because there are too many cafes here. San Francisco people love coffee very much, and they tend to measure their life with a coffee spoon. There are at least 40 ways to order coffee, and about 250 coffee recipes are worth a try. People in San Francisco are used to taking cafes as the center of the community, where they make friends, listen to poems and read alternative publications. Poetry reading and newspaper reading are the basic components of coffee culture, and specialty coffee is the essence of coffee culture. There are four kinds of specialty coffees here: Espresso is black coffee, Cappuccino is black coffee with foamed milk, Ratt is hot milk with black coffee, and Moka is hot milk with chocolate and cream. In addition, lemon juice and vanilla are also very popular among San Francisco people. They are good spices for drinking coffee.

Coffee Culture in Central and Northern Europe

They are not as passionate as the Italians and romantic as the French. Central and northern Europeans drink coffee rationally and gently, just like their national characteristics. European life and coffee have almost become inseparable. In addition to the unique coffee drinking methods of Italy and France, the coffee tasting habits and tastes of Austria, Switzerland and Germany, as well as several Nordic countries, can be said to be similar. They are well versed in the golden mean, and belong to the medium-concentration taste. Central and northern Europeans brew coffee at home, the most commonly used simple hand-washed filter paper coffee pot, and the ordinary electric coffee pot used in Taiwan Province Province. Among them, the paper drop method originated in Central Europe, was invented by German Madame Merita at the beginning of this century, and was widely spread in European countries. However, the coffee in the business place is mainly from italian coffee machine because it needs a lot of fast supply, but the coffee beans used are different in taste.

Perhaps the biggest difference between coffee drinking in these countries and cafes in Taiwan Province province of China is that they clearly distinguish coffee, sugar and milk. Many cafes list different prices of black coffee and coffee with milk on the price list, and some even include the quantity.

Some countries in Central Europe, such as Austria and Switzerland, are famous for dim sum, and all kinds of cakes are naturally another wonderful performance on the coffee table. In recent years, the average coffee consumption of the people in the four Nordic countries has been in the top four in the world (more than 1000 cups per person per year). A lyric in Bach's opera can best describe their love for coffee: such wonderful coffee is sweeter than a thousand kisses and more intoxicating than aging!

Sino-French coffee culture

China

In China, people like drinking coffee more and more. The ensuing "coffee culture" is full of every moment of life. Whether at home, in the office or in various social occasions, people are enjoying coffee: it is gradually associated with fashion and modern life. Coffee houses all over the world have become good places for people to talk, listen to music and rest, and coffee has gradually developed into a culture. Whether it is freshly ground coffee beans or freshly brewed hot coffee, it exudes a rich aroma and is intoxicating. There are many ways to taste this intoxication: espresso, cappuccino, latte and flavored coffee; They provide a variety of choices for people who frequented coffee shops in Beijing, Shanghai and other big cities in China. People in China began to like to make their own coffee. Making a cup of fresh coffee with roasted coffee beans, percolator and filter paper also has a special taste.

With the well-known history of coffee, coffee is being accepted by more and more people in China. Statistics show that China's coffee consumption is increasing year by year, and it is expected to become an important coffee consumer in the world. Nowadays, Yunnan coffee produced in China, with its noble quality and low price, will promote this trend and guide this fashion, and become China people's own coffee brand, thus having China's own unique coffee culture. This chapter will be written by us! Have a cup of coffee, please. This is the taste of life!

France

I once heard that France once drank less coffee because of the shortage of coffee, and immediately saw more people taking a nap. This may seem exaggerated, but it is true that the French love coffee. 199 1 The Gulf War broke out in, and France was one of the participating countries. Some domestic people are worried that the war will affect the supply of daily necessities and have rushed to the supermarket to snap up. This incident shocked even the TV station. When the camera was aimed at those customers covered with "scarce materials", they found that they took the most coffee and sugar. This incident once became a big joke at that time.

It seems that the French pay attention not to taste, but to environment and mood. Most of them don't want to "drink alone" behind closed doors. They just want to join in the fun outside. Even a small cup is enough to cook a pot at home. They didn't rush to drink, but drank slowly and carefully, reading and reading newspapers, and talked for a long time. The French develop this habit of drinking coffee, consciously or unconsciously expressing an elegant charm, a romantic mood and a sense of enjoying life. It can be said that this is a traditional and unique coffee culture. Because of this, the places where people stop to drink coffee in France can be said to be all over the streets, roads, squares, river banks, cruise ships and even the Eiffel Tower. And the form, style and size are not eclectic. There are cafes, restaurants, halls and rooms. The most popular and romantic are those outdoor cafes, which almost reflect the life of the French. No wonder the tasteful French have a traditional saying that it may be more difficult to change a cafe by the Seine than to change a religion! In an authentic coffee shop, not only regular customers never change coffee shops easily, but also the time to come to the coffee shop and the habit of sitting on which coffee table are fixed. Of course, this loyal relationship is also reflected in the hospitable host. Without saying hello, an old waiter who knows the temper and hobbies of regular customers will bring his favorite kind of coffee, a special snack and even his favorite newspaper. Needless to say, thank you, these are taken for granted in authentic cafes.

How to get a coffee cup?

Coffee after a meal is usually served in a small cup. The ears of this cup are so small that fingers can't pass through them. But even if you use a bigger cup, don't put your finger through the ear and then end it. The correct way to hold a coffee cup is to hold the cup handle with your thumb and forefinger, and then lift the cup.

How to add sugar to coffee?

When adding sugar to coffee, you can scoop up the sugar with a coffee spoon and add it directly to the cup; You can also put the cube sugar near the coffee plate with a sugar clip first, and then add the cube sugar to the cup with a coffee spoon. If sugar cubes are put directly into the cup with a sugar clip or hands, sometimes coffee may spill, thus soiling clothes or tablecloths.

How to use a coffee spoon?

The coffee spoon is specially used to stir coffee, so you should take it out when drinking coffee. No more slowly scooping coffee with a coffee spoon, and no more mashing the cubes in the cup with a coffee spoon.

What if the coffee is too hot?

The freshly brewed coffee is too hot. You can gently stir it in the cup with a coffee spoon to cool it down, or wait until it cools naturally before drinking. It is very impolite to try to blow cold coffee through your mouth.

The use of cups and saucers?

The cups and saucers for holding coffee are all specially made. They should be placed in front of or to the right of the drinker, and the cup ears should point to the right. When drinking coffee, you can hold the cup ear of coffee in your right hand, gently hold the coffee plate in your left hand, and slowly move it to your mouth to sip. It is not advisable to hold the cup full, gulp it down, or bend down to get the coffee cup. Don't make any noise when drinking coffee. When adding coffee, don't take the coffee cup away from the coffee plate.

Coffee and snacks

Sometimes you can have some snacks when drinking coffee, but don't take a coffee cup in one hand and a snack in the other, take a sip and drink alternately. Put down the snacks when drinking coffee, and put down the coffee cup when eating snacks.

"coffee classification" coffee association

Espresso)-"espresso" originally means "fast", while Espresso Cafe refers to instant extraction of espresso. Cook and drink quickly, because there are only two or three bites. ※. This kind of pure black coffee is thick and fragrant, with a layer of golden foam floating on the surface, thick and hot, like the devil who escaped from hell. Every time it gets drunk, it falls into unspeakable charm and is unforgettable. Because the weight of a cup of Italian coffee is only 50 ㏄, and the consumption of coffee beans is only six to eight grams, this seemingly rich coffee actually does not hurt the stomach at all, and can even help digestion!

Cappuccino-there is a way to drink Italian coffee with milk, called cappuccino. Sweet milk, pure white, lovely and charming espresso devil suddenly becomes a wonderful angel under its embellishment. ※. At this time, the color of coffee, like the monks in cappuccino church wearing headscarves on dark brown coats, gave the name coffee.

Latte-latte is actually another change of espresso. The brewing steps are the same as cappuccino, but the proportion of coffee, milk and foam changes slightly. ※.

Creme-Creme coffee is also a change of espresso. Different from cappuccino and latte, it does not add milk, but adds thick milk foam to the thick espresso. It can be said that the taste is similar, which deeply embodies the golden mean and belongs to medium-strong taste. ※.

Chocolate coffee-chocolate has always been the favorite of Europeans, especially the Swiss. When it's cold, adding chocolate to coffee can temper bitterness and replenish calories. ※. Chocolate coffee has now become the favorite hot drink for Europeans when skiing in the mountains.