The supervision of the people's congress over the government, courts and procuratorates (including work supervision and legal supervision) is an important authority entrusted to the people's congress by the Constitution and laws, a legally effective supervision on behalf of the state and the people, and an important part of the supervision system of the party and the state. Its purpose is to ensure the correct implementation of the Constitution and laws, the correct exercise of administrative power and judicial power, and the respect and protection of the legitimate rights and interests of citizens, legal persons and other organizations. The Standing Committee of Beijing Municipal People's Congress has always attached great importance to the exercise of supervision. Over the years, around the major issues related to the overall situation of reform, development and stability in the capital, the vital interests of the people and the general concern of the society, safeguarding the interests of the people has been regarded as the starting point and the foothold of supervision work, and enhancing the effectiveness of supervision has been regarded as an important criterion to measure the quality of supervision work. Constantly strengthen supervision, improve supervision mechanism, improve supervision procedures, improve supervision methods, highlight supervision key points, and strive to enhance supervision effectiveness.
Food hygiene and food safety are important events related to people's health and life safety, economic development and social stability in the capital. Since the promulgation and implementation of the Food Sanitation Law of People's Republic of China (PRC) in 1995 (hereinafter referred to as the Food Sanitation Law), the Standing Committee of the Municipal People's Congress has continuously supervised and inspected the implementation of the Food Sanitation Law in 13 with the spirit of being highly responsible for people's interests, the style of seeking truth from facts and the persistent attitude, which has enhanced the effectiveness of supervision and effectively urged it.
During the continuous supervision period of 13, the Education, Culture, Health and Sports Committee of the 12th Municipal People's Congress and the Culture, Health and Sports Committee of the 10th and 11th Municipal People's Congress Standing Committee were entrusted by the Standing Committee to explore and gain some experience in organizing and implementing supervision.
First, according to the characteristics of repeated food hygiene problems, determine the working ideas of continuous supervision.
In the process of supervision, the Committee has been exploring and summing up experience, and gradually formed the idea of classifying supervision projects according to different types of problems and determining supervision work. One-time centralized supervision of problems that can be solved in a short time; Follow up and supervise the problems that need to be solved after a period of time. Food hygiene and food safety are important livelihood issues and one of the most concerned, direct and realistic interests of the people. Supervising the correct implementation of food hygiene and food safety laws and regulations is an important measure for NPC and its Standing Committee to safeguard the vital interests of the people. At the same time, because China is still in the primary stage of socialism, the overall productivity level of the food industry is not high, the sense of honesty is not strong, the level of food consumption is low, and the awareness of consumption safety is poor. The application of new raw materials and new technologies in food production brings new challenges. The problem of food hygiene and food safety is a long-term, complex and arduous problem, which cannot be achieved overnight. Therefore, the Committee has established the idea of long-term, repeated and continuous supervision of the implementation of food hygiene laws and regulations, and has never stopped supervising the implementation of food hygiene laws and regulations since 13. During this period, the Standing Committee reviewed the implementation of food hygiene laws and regulations in this Municipality for seven times. The National People's Congress Standing Committee (NPCSC) attaches great importance to food hygiene and food safety. In 2003 and 2005, a large-scale law enforcement inspection was carried out on the implementation of laws and regulations on food hygiene and food safety in this city. Especially this year is the year of Olympic decisive battle. The Standing Committee of the Municipal People's Congress actively participates in the preparations for the Olympic Games, performs its duties according to law and gives full play to its role. Once again, food hygiene and food safety will be listed as one of the key law enforcement inspection items, and a law enforcement inspection team will be formed to carry out law enforcement inspection on the implementation of laws and regulations on food hygiene and food safety in this city, and strive to promote the implementation of laws and regulations to provide guarantee for the smooth convening of the Olympic Games.
Two, concentrate on the supervision of key issues, and strive to achieve practical results.
The work of food hygiene and food safety is comprehensive and involves a wide range, which is a complex systematic project. Every year, the Committee will concentrate on the supervision and inspection of the most prominent key and difficult problems at present, earnestly urge the government to solve the problems, and push the food hygiene work to a new level by stages. For example, 1995, based on the implementation of the Food Hygiene Law (for Trial Implementation) for many years, the state formulated and promulgated a new Food Hygiene Law in 10. However, there is only one trial "Administrative Measures for Food Hygiene in Urban and Rural Fairs" in Beijing, and the food hygiene work in the whole city is at a low level. In summer, the Committee, together with relevant government departments, conducted a comprehensive inspection on the food hygiene status of bazaars, large food wholesale markets, food stalls, collective canteens, large food shopping malls and non-staple food supply points, foreign-related hotels, restaurants and guest houses in this city, in order to find out the problems existing in the food hygiene management in this city. So as to put forward constructive opinions and suggestions for the municipal government and the municipal health department to do a good job in food hygiene in this city and lay the foundation for food hygiene legislation in this city. 1996 in view of the actual situation of food hygiene in this city, according to the superior law, the Measures for the Implementation of the Food Hygiene Law of People's Republic of China (PRC) in Beijing were formulated. Strengthening the publicity of these two newly promulgated laws and regulations and raising people's awareness of food hygiene are the primary tasks of implementing the laws and regulations. Focusing on the publicity and training of laws and regulations, the Committee organized members and representatives to conduct inspections, urged the government and relevant departments to carry out various forms of publicity activities, and promoted the gradual penetration of laws and regulations into the hearts of the people. From 65438 to 0997, combined with the inspection contents of NPC law enforcement inspection team in Beijing, the health food, infant food and children's food that were greatly reflected by the masses at that time were inspected, and the government departments were urged to solve the hot issues that the masses were concerned about. 65438-0998 combined with the work of "National Urban Hygiene Inspection and Appraisal", it focused on the food hygiene status of catering industry with outstanding problems, and put forward opinions on the poor basic conditions such as facilities and equipment of small catering industry in this city, which prompted the health administrative department to issue "Hygienic Standard for Production and Operation Places and Facilities of Small Catering Industry in Beijing" and carried out centralized transformation of small restaurants in this city on a large scale. Since then, the Standing Committee has concentrated on inspecting the weak links in the catering industry, such as small and medium-sized restaurants, site canteens and food delivery enterprises, and strived to make breakthroughs on key issues. During the follow-up inspection from 65438 to 0999, the delegates affirmed the progress in hardware level and standardized management of the small catering industry in this city. In 2000, the Committee inspected the implementation of the Hygienic Standard for Food Delivery Enterprises in Beijing, focusing on the food delivery industry, to ensure the safety of meals for primary and secondary school students and groups. 200 1 the public has a strong reaction to the pollution of vegetables and the hygiene problems of directly imported food such as cooked meat products and bean products. During the Fourth Session of the Eleventh National People's Congress, three delegations and 1 17 delegates put forward suggestions on food hygiene and safe food production. Therefore, the Committee focused on inspecting the sanitary conditions of vegetables, bean products and cooked meat products, and investigated and dealt with illegal slaughtering and illegal food sales, effectively purifying the food market and effectively ensuring the food hygiene and food safety of the people. Since 2003, the current Standing Committee has carried out three large-scale law enforcement inspections to supervise food hygiene and food safety from farmland to dining tables, marking a new stage in the law enforcement inspection of food hygiene and food safety in this city. At the same time, the government departments are urged to comprehensively manage the corresponding problems, so that food hygiene and food safety work can develop in depth and breadth.
Third, improve the way of supervision and effectively promote the implementation of laws and regulations.
In the process of supervision, the Committee has continuously improved its supervision methods, and carried out supervision in various forms, such as the combination of law enforcement inspection and bill handling, the combination of law enforcement inspection entrusted by the National People's Congress, the combination of unannounced visits, the combination of fixed-point inspection and random inspection, the combination of centralized inspection and representative inspection with certificates, and the combination of self-inspection by government departments and rectification as required. Basically, there are new practices every year to continuously promote the implementation of laws and regulations on food hygiene and food safety. For example 1995, the Municipal Food Hygiene Supervision Office is composed of the Committee, the Legislative Affairs Office of the Municipal Government, the Cultural and Educational Office of the Municipal Government, the Municipal Health Bureau, the Municipal Administration for Industry and Commerce, the Regional Administration of the Municipal Government and the Municipal Public Security Bureau, and members and representatives are organized to conduct joint inspections in a large area of the city by means of spot checks, unannounced visits and certified inspections. 1999 in view of the characteristics that food hygiene problems are easy to recur, at the request of the delegates, the law enforcement inspection was carried out by randomly checking the places without notifying the inspected units in advance, so that the delegates could see more real situations, which was conducive to discovering practical problems and improving the effectiveness of supervision. In 2000, the law enforcement inspection increased the way of linking up and down with the district and county people's congress standing committees, expanded the inspection coverage, formed an overall joint force from top to bottom, and strengthened supervision. 200 1, the Standing Committee further clarified that the supervision object of law enforcement inspection is the competent authority responsible for law enforcement, and the inspection work has shifted from joint work with government departments to supervision of government departments' law enforcement, urging administrative departments to strengthen the daily management of food production and sales units and rationalize the responsibility of supervision and law enforcement. In 2002, in order to improve the supervision efficiency and reduce the supervision cost, the Standing Committee of the Municipal People's Congress organically combined the food hygiene and food safety law enforcement inspection with the handling of food safety bills, the inspection of the implementation of rectification measures in the previous year's food hygiene law enforcement inspection and the food hygiene law enforcement inspection entrusted by the National People's Congress. Under the unified leadership of the deputy director of the Standing Committee of the Municipal People's Congress, the Culture, Health, Sports Committee, Finance and Economics Committee and Rural Committee jointly organized and formed a joint force, which was consistent in many aspects. In 2005, the Standing Committee entrusted some districts and counties to inspect the implementation of food hygiene and food safety laws and regulations in their respective jurisdictions according to certain topics; In 2007, the Standing Committee fully entrusted 18 district and county people's congress standing committees to carry out corresponding law enforcement inspections according to their own actual conditions and around the inspection priorities, and achieved good supervision effects and social impact. Especially in 2003, 2005 and 2007, the Standing Committee carried out three large-scale law enforcement inspections, and each time carried out a more in-depth supervision mode of urging rectification while inspecting, and achieved good results. For problems that can be solved quickly, urge the municipal government and its relevant departments to rectify immediately; For problems that need to be solved for a period of time, the Standing Committee put forward rectification opinions and asked government departments to feedback the rectification within a time limit. During the inspection of law enforcement in 2007, we found that the school canteens of four universities and 13 primary and secondary schools in the city were displayed as Grade D on the quantitative classification management platform of food hygiene supervision, indicating that food hygiene was unqualified. Therefore, the Municipal Health Bureau and the Municipal Education Commission are immediately required to rectify this 17 school canteen, and formulate detailed rules for quantitative grading management of food hygiene supervision in school canteens, resolutely put an end to the appearance of Grade D in school canteens in this city, and effectively improve the food hygiene level in school canteens in this city. At the same time, the Standing Committee set up a special publicity report group on law enforcement inspection to follow up the report all the time, and publicly solicited opinions from the society on the website, organically combining the supervision of the National People's Congress with the supervision of public opinion and the supervision of the masses, intensifying law enforcement inspection and enhancing the effect of law enforcement inspection.
Four, the implementation of comprehensive supervision, food hygiene and food safety have made great progress.
The current Standing Committee's law enforcement inspection on the implementation of food hygiene and food safety laws and regulations is headed by the deputy director of the Standing Committee of the Municipal People's Congress, and the law enforcement inspection team is composed of members of the Standing Committee of the Municipal People's Congress, members of the Municipal People's Congress Education, Culture, Health and Sports Committee, members of the Municipal People's Congress Financial and Economic Committee, members of the Municipal People's Congress Rural Committee and some Municipal People's Congress representatives. It is divided into three themes. Led by the Office of Education, Culture, Health and Sports of the Standing Committee, it will organize members of the law enforcement inspection team in conjunction with the Financial Affairs Office and the Rural Office, focusing on the supervision of agricultural product production, food production, processing and circulation, and food hygiene supervision and management in the catering industry. Implement the Food Hygiene Law of People's Republic of China (PRC) and the implementation measures of this Municipality, the Standardization Law of People's Republic of China (PRC), the Product Quality Law of People's Republic of China (PRC), the Regulations of Beijing Municipality on the Supervision and Administration of Product Quality, the Law of People's Republic of China (PRC) Municipality on the Quality and Safety of Agricultural Products and the Law of People's Republic of China (PRC) Municipality on Animal Epidemic Prevention. In the next year's law enforcement inspection, the relevant special committees shall conduct follow-up inspection according to the deliberation opinions of the Standing Committee on law enforcement inspection. After nearly five years of continuous comprehensive supervision, the city's food hygiene and food safety have made great progress. By the end of 2006, there were 65,438 standardized agricultural production bases at the municipal level and 65,438 standardized agricultural production bases at the district and county levels. Consumers can query products through traceability codes. The output of green food and organic food accounts for more than 30% of the total agricultural output in the city, and the annual slaughter of modern large and medium-sized enterprises accounts for 79% of the total slaughter in the city, which is 20% higher than that in 2005. The pass rate of pork sampling inspection reached 98%. The dynamic monitoring results of the Ministry of Agriculture for five consecutive years showed that the rate of pesticide residues in vegetables exceeded the standard from 40.3% in 200 1 year to about 3% in the first quarter of this year. The detection rate of live pig product "Clenbuterol" was zero for two consecutive years, and the safety status of edible agricultural products was among the best in 37 pilot cities of pollution-free food action plan in China. In 2006, 59 categories and 550 varieties of 10369 1 sample were monitored and randomly selected in the whole city, and the overall qualified rate reached 95.28%, among which the qualified rate of 6 categories of food related to national economic and social development indicators was 95.78%. Completed the assessment of 9 major items and 67 minor items of food hygiene supervision, quantitative classification and management in 35,463 catering units in the city. At present, the units with food hygiene qualification above Grade C have reached 91%; According to HACCP (Hazard Analysis and Critical Point Control), a food poisoning prevention and security system was established in 60 enterprises supplying 350,000 primary and middle school students in the city. Compared with 2005, the number of food poisoning cases decreased by 12.8%, and the number of poisoned people decreased by 42.9%. There was no major food poisoning incident in the whole year. In the comprehensive evaluation of food safety engineering carried out by six ministries and commissions, including the US Food and Drug Administration in 2006, consumer satisfaction, food testing and government management ranked first among the four municipalities directly under the central government.
After years of continuous supervision, the legal awareness of the municipal government and its relevant departments has been continuously enhanced, the ability of administration according to law has been further improved, the food hygiene and food safety supervision system has been continuously improved, the ability of food safety rapid response and market control has been gradually enhanced, the ability of emergency response to sudden food safety incidents has been significantly enhanced, and the overall level of food hygiene and food safety work has been continuously improved.