Sun Wu, whose real name is Changqing, is his grandson. His date of birth and death is unknown. At the end of the Spring and Autumn Period, he was born in Le 'an (now Huimin County) in Qi State. His grandfather, Shu Tian, was a doctor in the State of Qi, and was very active when he attacked Ju 'an. Make him a grandson, and make Le 'an a country.
After the civil strife in the State of Qi in 532 BC, Sun Wu resolutely went to the southern State of Wu, devoted himself to studying the art of war, and wrote Thirteen Articles on the Art of War by Sun Tzu. In 5 12 BC, Sun Wu went to see the king of Wu with his Ten Articles on the Art of War, which was recommended by Wu Zixu, a counselor of the State of Wu. When answering the prince's question, Sun Wu's comments were shocking, and his insights were unique and profound, which caused the prince who was bent on dominating the country to praise Sun Wu deeply, praised Sun Wu's insights repeatedly, and asked Sun Wu to take 180 ladies-in-waiting to practice the array and test Sun Wu's military talents face to face, so he appointed Sun Wu as a guest star of the general. In 506 BC, when the Wu Chu War began, Sun Wu commanded Wu Jun to attack from 30,000 miles away, went deep into the big country, won five wars and won the capital of Chu, which created a miracle in the military history of our country and made great contributions to the State of Wu.
Sun Wu was a great strategist in ancient China and a world-famous military theorist. Sun Tzu's Art of War, which has been handed down to this day, is the earliest, most complete and systematic art book in existence in China. In northern Song Shenzong, it was listed as the first of seven military classics. The book is divided into thirteen chapters with more than 5,900 words, such as planning, campaign, planning and attack, shape, situation, reality, military struggle, nine changes, marching, terrain, nine places, fire attack, interrogation and so on. Sun Tzu's Art of War reveals the laws of war and discusses the laws of war, the theory of running the army and the theory of winning. , and with simple materialism and dialectical thought, known as "military classics" and "the originator of military strategists."
The Art of War has been translated into English, Japanese, German, French, Russian, Czech and Korean. Known internationally as "the first ancient art book in the world", it has been paid attention to and applied not only in the military field, but also in the fields of economy and sports.
Yue Fei (1103-1141) was a military strategist and national hero in the Southern Song Dynasty. Word Ju Peng, Xiangzhou Tangyin (now Henan) people. When I was young, I was diligent and eager to learn, and I developed a good martial arts. Yue Fei's father Yue and his mother Yao Shi have been farming for generations. As a teenager, Yue Fei learned archery and gun skills from Zhou Tong and Chen Guang successively, and became the strongest martial artist in the county. However, due to his poor family, he later came to Xiangzhou (now Anyang) to "make a living as a guest in the Han and Wei Dynasties." /kloc-joined the army at the age of 0/9 to fight against Liao. Soon after, due to the loss of his father, he retired and returned to his hometown to observe filial piety. 1 126, the nomads from the Jin army invaded the Central Plains on a large scale, and Yue Fei joined the army again and began his military career against the Jin army and protecting his family. Legend has it that when Yue Fei left, his mother, Yao Shi, tattooed on his back the words "faithfully serve the country", which became the creed that Yue Fei followed all his life. .
After Yue Fei joined the army, he was quickly promoted to Bing Yilang for his bravery in combat. At this point, Kaifeng in the capital of song dynasty was besieged by 8 Jin Army. Yue Fei went to the rescue with Zong Ze, the deputy marshal, and defeated the 8 Jin Army many times, which won Zong Ze's appreciation and praised him as "a talented person with both wisdom and courage, and an ancient warrior could not pass". In the same year, 8 Jin Army attacked Kaifeng, captured Hui Di and Emperor Qin, and the Northern Song Dynasty perished. In May of the second year of Jingkang, Zhao Gou, King Kang, ascended the throne as Emperor Gaozong, moved the capital to Lin 'an and established the Southern Song Dynasty. Yue Fei wrote to Gao Zong, demanding to recover lost ground, which was rejected. Yue Fei then moved to Zhang Suo, the commander-in-chief of Hebei Province, where he served as the commander-in-chief of Zhongjun, and fought against the 8 Jin Army in Taihang Mountain area, making repeated military exploits. After returning to Tokyo and staying in Zong Ze, he turned to Kung Fu Lang and the meritorious military service. After Zong Ze's death, he succeeded to Tokyo and stayed in Du Chongshou Kaifengfu.
Suggestions for three years (1 129), Jin general Wu Shu led the Jin army to invade south again, Du Chong led the army to abandon Kaifeng and fled, but Yue Fei had no choice but to go south. That autumn, Wu Shu continued to invade the south, and Du Chong, who was left behind by Jiankang (now Nanjing, Jiangsu), surrendered without a fight. Jin Jun was able to escape the natural barrier of the Yangtze River and quickly captured Lin 'an, Yuezhou (now Shaoxing), Mingzhou and other places, and Gaozong was forced to exile at sea. Yue Fei led a lone army to fight behind enemy lines. First attack Guangde Jin Jun defenders, and win six out of six. When Jin Jun attacked Changzhou, he led the troops to help each other, winning four out of four. The following year, Yue Fei set an ambush in Niutou Mountain, the martial arts of Jin Wu were broken, Jiankang was recovered, and 8 Jin Jun was forced to withdraw northward. Since then, Yue Fei's reputation has spread all over the country, and the sound has shocked the country. In July, Yue Fei was promoted to the governor of Tongzhou Town and Taizhou, with more than 10,000 troops, and established a disciplined and brave anti-gold force-Yue Jiajun.
In the third year of Shaoxing, Yue Fei was awarded the banner of "Loyal Yue Fei" by Emperor Gaozong for destroying Li Cheng and Zhang Yong. In April of the following year, Yue Fei sent his troops to the north, crushed the puppet troops of the rulers and recovered six counties, including Xiangyang and Xinyang. Yue Fei was also promoted to the Qingyuan Army for his merits. In December of the same year, Yue Fei defeated the nomads from Luzhou (now Hefei, Anhui) and the nomads were forced to return to the north. In the fifth year of Shaoxing (1 135), Yue Fei led the army to suppress Yang Yao's rebel army and recruited 50,000 to 60,000 elite soldiers, which greatly increased the strength of Yue Jiajun.
In the sixth year of Shaoxing, Yue Fei made another northern expedition and captured Yiyang, Luoyang, Shangzhou, and then besieged Chen and Cai areas. However, Yue Fei soon found himself alone, without reinforcements and food, so he had to withdraw to Ezhou (now Wuchang, Hubei). In the Northern Expedition, Yue Fei's ambition was unfulfilled, and he wrote the word "Manjianghong", the eternal swan song:
Angry, leaning on the railing, resting in the rain.
Looking up, screaming in the sky, strong and fierce.
Thirty fame, dust and earth, eight thousand miles of clouds and the moon.
Don't be idle, white and sad!
Jingkang is ashamed, but it is still snowing.
When will courtiers hate it?
Take a long-distance bus and break through the Helan Mountain Que! The monk longed for pork, but he said he longed for Hun blood.
Stay from the beginning, clean up the old mountains and rivers, and go to the sky!
In the seventh year of Shaoxing, Yue Fei was promoted to Qiu. He repeatedly suggested that Emperor Gaozong start the Northern Expedition and recover the Central Plains in one fell swoop, but all of them were rejected by Emperor Gaozong. In the ninth year of Shaoxing (1 1 19), he made peace with Jin and paid tribute to Jin in the Southern Song Dynasty. This made Yue Fei very angry, and the above table demanded that "the military affairs be dismissed and Lin Quan abdicated" in protest. The following year, Wu Shu tore up the peace treaty and invaded the south again. Yue Fei was ordered to send troops to fight back. Zhengzhou, Luoyang and other places have been recovered one after another. The elite fighters of 8 Jin Army "Tiefutu" and "Kidnapping Horse" were defeated in Yancheng, and Zhuxian Town was occupied, only 45 miles away from Kaifeng. Wu Shu was forced to retreat to Kaifeng, 8 jin j morale is low, issued a "easy to shake mountain, difficult to shake YueGuJun" lament, dare not play.
In Zhuxian Town, Yue Fei recruited soldiers, contacted the Hebei Rebel Army, and actively prepared to cross the Yellow River to recover lost ground and take Huanglongfu directly. He excitedly said to the generals, "Go directly to Huanglongfu for a drink!" At this point, the emperor and Qin Gui made peace with one heart, and sent 12 inscriptions in succession, ordering Yue Fei to withdraw. Yue Fei couldn't restrain his inner sadness and sighed: "Ten years of hard work was destroyed! States and counties will be closed once and for all! The country is difficult to revive! Gankun world, there is no reason to reply! "His ambition is hard to pay, so he will shed tears.
After returning to Lin 'an, Yue Fei was relieved of military power and served as a Tang Dynasty envoy. In August of the 11th year of Shaoxing, he sent someone to make peace with Jin, and Jin Wushu demanded that "the flies must be killed before making peace". Qin Gui falsely accused Yue Fei of rebellion and imprisoned him. In the 11th year of Shaoxing (1 142), on December 29th, Qin Gui poisoned Yue Fei to Fengbo Pavilion in Lin 'an on trumped-up charges. Yue Fei is only thirty-nine years old. His son Yue Yun and his subordinate Zhang Xian were also killed. Ning Zongshi, Yue Fei was able to get revenge and was hunted down by the king of Hubei.
Yue Fei is skilled in strategy and rigorous in running the army. His army is famous for "freezing to death without demolishing houses and starving to death without exile". During his military career, he personally participated in and commanded 126 battles, never losing, and was a veritable victorious general. Yue Fei did not leave any special military works, but his military thoughts and general plans for running the army were scattered in books, memorials, poems and so on. Later generations compiled Yue Fei's articles and poems into Legacy, also known as Collection of Yue Zhong and My King.
Third, Chen Qingzhi.
Chen Qingzhi, General Liang Chao of China. Zi Ziyun was born in Yixing Mountain (now Yixing, Jiangsu). There is even less talk about Liang Wudi Xiao Yan. Then came General Wuwei, who was courageous, good at planning, well-directed and won the hearts of the people.
In the first year of Liang Datong (527), Wei sent Yuan Zhao, a general from the south, to save him with tens of thousands of steps. Chen Qingzhi came all the way from Wei Jun, and only led two hundred riders to break his striker. After joining forces with people, Yang Guocheng and Wei Jun were at loggerheads. From spring to winter, wars were frequent and soldiers were tired. Some generals suggested withdrawing troops, and he advocated decisive battle. Wei Junjian 13 base controlled Liang Jun and led the troops out at night, breaking its fourth base. Wang Wei, Duke of Yang Guo, asked for surrender. Liang Jun took advantage of this attack, captured a lot, and the rest of the ninth base collapsed.
In the second year of Datong, Liang Wudi took Yuan Hao as Wang Wei and Chen Qingzhi as a holiday. He was a brave general who led 7000 troops to escort Yuan Hao back to the north.
In April of the first year of Datong (529), when Chen Qingzhi led his troops to conquer the Northern Wei Rebels, he seized Eorlson Xing (now Shangqiu East, Henan Province) and advanced on Liang (now Shangqiu, Henan Province). Wei will lead Qiu Daqian to build a nine-city 70,000-point resistance against Liang Jun, and Chen Qingzhi will lead an army to attack and capture three cities in one day, forcing Qiu Daqian to surrender. Yuan Hao proclaimed himself emperor in Suiyang South (now Shangqiu South, Henan Province). Awarded to Ambassador Chen Qingzhi, General Zhenbei, Guards and former viceroy. At that time, Wang Wei led Yu Linjun twenty thousand to aid and entered Tunkao City (now northeast of Henan civil rights). The experimental city is surrounded by water, and the garrison is tight and solid. Chen Qingzhi ordered his men to build a base on the surface of the water, capture the city, adowa twenty thousand, capture Hui Yuan, and rent seven thousand eight hundred cars.
In May, after Yuan Hao captured, he named Chen Qingzhi General Wei, Xuzhou Secretariat and Wudu Gong, and ordered him to continue to attack Xingyang from the west. Wei shot, yes, Yuan, the general of the government army, and other generals led Yulin army to keep seventy thousand in Xingyang. According to Liang Jun, Wei Jun's troops were very sharp, Xingyang was strong, and Chen Qingzhi could not attack.
Soon, Yuan Tianmu and others led the troops to attack the city, and Chen Qingzhi led 3000 elite cavalry to attack the back of the city. When Lu 'an surrendered, Yuan Tianmu and Tu were saved from riding alone. Chen Qingzhi confiscated Xingyang's reserves, and all the cattle, horses, grain and silks could not be counted. Chen Qingzhi immediately attacked Tiger Prison, but Zhu Shilong did not dare to fight, so he abandoned the city and fled. Liang Jun captured Wei Dong's corps commander.
In order to avoid the sharp edge of Chen Qingzhi, Emperor Yuan Ziyou of Zhuang was forced to retreat to his eldest son (now the eldest son of Shaanxi). Yuan Haowen changed Yuan's Amnesty, supplemented by Chen Qingzhi, the general rode with the doctor Zuo Guanglu, and increased the number of households in the city. Soon, Shangdang Tianmu, Wang Laosheng and Li led another 40,000 troops to conquer the girders. Hearing this, Chen Qingzhi led the army to attack, and Wei Jun surrendered. Yuan Tianmu led more than ten people to cross the Yellow River in the north and fled. Fei Mu attacked the tiger prison and suffered a crushing defeat. Suddenly, he heard that Yuan Tianmu fled to the north, thinking that there was no successor, and he surrendered to Chen Qingzhi. Chen Qingzhi attacked Guo Liang and Guo Liang, both of which were defeated. After hearing the news, Liang Wudi wrote letters and letters again to praise him. Chen Qingzhi and his men were all dressed in white robes, and they were invincible all the way. Therefore, a nursery rhyme in Luoyang City says that "famous teachers and generals should not be imprisoned, and hordes of horses are exempt from white robes" (Biography of Liang Shu and Chen Qingzhi). Chen Qingzhi led 7,000 people from Luoxian to Luoyang, fought 47 times before and after, and besieged 32 cities, all of which were invincible.
Soon, Wei Dajun fought back and captured Luoyang. Because of the failure of the serenade, he sneaked back to the south.
In the fourth year of Datong (532), Gao Huan killed Jules (see the battle between Gao Huan and Jules) and seized the Northern Wei regime. In the sixth year (534) and the seventh year (535) of Datong, China, Gao Huan and Yu Wentai successively established Yuanshan Bamboo Slips and Yuanbaoju as emperors (see the battle to split the Northern Wei Dynasty), which was called the Eastern Wei and the Western Wei Dynasty in history, and the Northern Wei Dynasty was destroyed from then on. After Chen Qingzhi returned to the south, he showed great respect to northerners. Zhu Yi was surprised and asked him: Chen Qingzhi said, "I thought that the north of the great river was Rong Di's hometown, but compared with Luoyang, people who know clothes are all in the Central Plains, which is beyond the reach of Jiangdong, so why not take it lightly?"? In December, Liang Wudi took Chen Qingzhi as the festival, and was subordinate to the military department, General Fenwu and the secretariat of Beiyan Prefecture. Sometimes a demon monk claimed to be the son of heaven, and local tyrant Cai Bolong also took 30 thousand troops and captured North Xuzhou. Said satrap Yang, abandoned the city and left. Taishou Li Zhong was killed. Liang Wudi ordered Chen Qingzhi to make a crusade and personally went to Baixia to see him off. Liang Wudi said to Chen Qingzhi, "Although the Jianghuai army is strong, it is in a difficult position. You can control them, but it is not suitable for decisive battle "(Biography of Liang Shu and Chen Qingzhi). Chen Qingzhi was ordered to go. Before the 12th, he beheaded Cai Bolong and the monk Qiang, and preached health first. In the second year of Datong, China (AD 530), Liang Wudi took Chen Qingzhi as the commander-in-chief of military affairs in the four states of South, North, West and Henan, and the secretariat of the two states of South and North remained unchanged. After Chen Qingzhi came to power, he surrounded Xuan (now Runan, Henan Province), broke the platform of Yangzhou secretariat, Cheng Chun secretariat, Hou Jin, Yuzhou secretariat, Yao Xiong and Liangzhou secretariat. Chen Qingzhi immediately reduced the military service in Yiyang Town and stopped the water supply, which enabled Jiangxiang Prefecture to recuperate. And cultivated 6000 hectares of land, and two years later, the grain was enriched. To this end, Liang Wudi often praised Chen Qingzhi. At the same time, Chen Qingzhi also requested that the four southern states should be simplified as anlu county and placed under Ming County. In February of the first year of Datong (AD 535), Chen Qingzhi attacked the Eastern Wei Dynasty and fought Yao Xiong, the secretariat of Yuzhou in the Eastern Wei Dynasty, and suffered a heavy defeat. In October of the second year of Datong (AD 536), Hou Jing, the secretariat of Dingzhou in the Eastern Wei Dynasty, led 70,000 people, took command of Chuzhou, captured He Huan, the secretariat of Chuzhou, and Hou Jing marched into Huaishang, advising Chen Qingzhi to surrender. Liang Wudi sent Hou tui, Hou Kui, etc. To help, the army came to Li Jiang, Chen Qingzhi has defeated Hou Jing. It was a cold and heavy snow. Hou Jing abandoned the trench and fled, while Chen Qingzhi returned it. In the same year, there was a famine in Yuzhou, and Chen Qingzhi opened a warehouse to help the poor, so that most of the victims survived the famine. More than 800 people, led by Dr. Li, asked to eulogize Chen Qingzhi in Yuzhou and sent letters of consent. In October of the fifth year of Datong (AD 539), Chen Qingzhi died at the age of 56. Loyal to his duties, he made outstanding achievements in military exploits and made remarkable achievements. He was posthumously awarded as a constant servant and general in Sanshui, and advocated a school called "Wu", and ordered 500 people in Yixing County to mourn. The eldest son Chen, Chen Qingzhi's character is only cautious, and every time he is given a letter, he will bathe and worship; Simple life, only wearing plain clothes, not good at silk and bamboo; Although he is a military commander, he can't shoot arrows or ride horses, but he is good at caressing foot soldiers and can make his subordinates work for him. What's more, Chen Qingzhi comes from a poor family. In the history of Liang Dynasty, only he and (Qi General Guan Anzhou Secretariat) can achieve such achievements. Comments: Chen Qingzhi fought all his life, always scheming, mostly winning more with less, and was good at attacking the city. Whether the Northern Expedition swept Heluo or marched across the border, it fully demonstrated its outstanding military talents. The Battle of the Northern Expedition can be said to be a tiger swallowing Wan Li. Even Mao Zedong's Biography of Chen Qingzhi is not completely fascinating. "Chen Qingzhi will be slightly, win the captured, cover quite, animal husbandry, health,. Celebrating success as a warning, serving the great-grandfather, has both ex ante gratitude and sincerity, and it is the glory of a lifetime "(Biography of Liang Shu and Chen Qingzhi). "At the beginning of Chen Qingzhi, he swam with the birds, and finally he had a great ambition. Seeing Ren Wei, he drove Iraq and Romania. There was no strong array before, and we attacked the city slightly. Although Nanfeng did not participate in the competition, it was overturned late and its success was sufficient. " (Biography of Nan Shi Chen Qingzhi).
After liberation, Mao Zedong read and reread The Official History of Chen Qingzhi, circled and underlined many places in the biography, and wrote affectionately: "Read this biography again, and be fascinated by it" (Zhang Yijiu's Reading History).
Fourth, Wuqi
Wuqi (? ~ 38 1 years ago), a politician and strategist in the warring States period. Left (now Dingtao County, Shandong Province) people. I study in Ceng Zi. Later, he became a general in Lu, went to Lu when he heard of the sage, and served as the prefect of Xihe River in Wuhou. Wu Qi was influenced by Confucian thought of ruling by virtue in treatment. For example, Wuhou once regarded "the solidity of mountains and rivers" as the treasure of Wei, and he thought that "morality is not dangerous". He also believed that he could make Wei "an example within the four borders, changing customs, the righteousness of monarch and minister, and the order of father and son." It shows that he attaches great importance to political innovation.
Wuqi is not only talented in governing the country, but also good at fighting with soldiers. "Everything is done wrong" said that when he was in charge of the army, he could be as well fed and clothed as the foot soldiers, and the foot soldiers enjoyed it. In Wei Huiwang, some people think that Wei Bing is invincible, which is the result of Wuqi's legacy, and King Hui rewarded Wuqi's descendants for this.
Later, Wu Qi left Wei for Chu because of disagreement with the marquis of Wu. The king of Chu mourned Qi for his wife. At that time, the old patriarchal aristocracy in Chu was very powerful, which was not conducive to the monarch in the world, but harmful to the people in the next, and the soldiers were weak and the country was poor. So Wuqi made a plan to mourn the king, stripped the title of gentleman Sun, who was passed down to the third generation, exiled some nobles to remote places, and abolished those who had been alienated among the people, in order to change the situation of "too many ministers and too many princes" in Chu. Because of "stopping incompetence, abolishing uselessness, damaging officials who are not in a hurry, blocking the invitation of private doors" and saving money to "serve people who practice", Chu's strength gradually increased, and the south attacked Baiyue, and the north merged with Chen and Cai, which shocked Qin and Sanjin. Wu Qi reigned for one year and died in mourning for the king. A group of old aristocrats took the opportunity of insurrection and dismembered Wuqi. According to historical records, Wu Qi died beside Wang Ai. After he ascended the throne, he arrested more than 70 nobles on charges of hurting Wang Ai's body and awarded them to three families. Han Feizi thought that Chu failed to reuse Wuqi and the reform effect was not great. It is also said that Wuqi was killed because "ministers suffered from the law", which shows that Wuqi's failure was mainly caused by aristocratic opposition.
Hanshu said that Wu Qi, like Sun Wu, also had Sun Tzu's Art of War handed down. Everything is done wrong, everything is done wrong, everything is done wrong, there is a passage about Sun Wu, and then Sun Wu in the Warring States period is compared. Sima Qian also mentioned that in the Western Han Dynasty, "Wuqi's art of war was numerous in the world". It can be seen that Wu Qi's art of war was widely circulated in the Warring States and Western Han Dynasties. But whether this art was really written by Wu Qi is still unknown. There are 48 Wuqi articles in Hanshu Yiwenzhi, and this edition of Wuzi is a part of these 48 articles. There is Woods in the miscellaneous school of Yi Wen Zhi, whose book has been lost, and it is suspected that it was also written by Wu Qi.
Fifth, Han Xin.
Han Xin (? ~ former 196), a strategist in the early Han dynasty. Huaiyin (now Jiangsu) people. After the uprising of Chen Sheng and Guangwu, Han Xin began to vote for Xiang Liang, followed by Xiang Yu and then Liu Bang. In the first year of Emperor Gaozu (206 BC), Xiao He, the prime minister, recommended him as a general, and helped Liu Bang formulate a general plan to decide that the Three Qin Dynasties would seize the world. During the Chu-Han War, Han Xin led tens of thousands of soldiers to open up the northern battlefield. In the Battle of Wei, he deployed to attack Wei Jun, pretended to cross the river head-on, attacked from behind, and caught Wei by surprise. The battle of Jingxing, with the back of the water as the array, made the soldiers feel as if they were dead, fought on their own and defeated the Zhao army. In the battle of Huaihe River, with the help of the river, the Chu army was divided and the Qi-Chu allied forces were destroyed. In February of four years, he was named King of Qi. Participate in commanding the decisive battle of Gaixia (now Lingbi South, Anhui Province) and destroy the Chu army. Han Xin was familiar with the art of war and made outstanding achievements, which made important contributions to the establishment of the Han Dynasty. His combat tactics were highly praised by later strategists. Although Liu Bang had doubts about Han Xin, after the fall of Xiang Yu, he seized his military power and moved to Chu State, and later became Huaiyin Hou. Knowing that Liu Bang was suspicious of Han Xin, Lu conspired with Xiao He to lure Han Xin to Changle Palace in the first month of the eleventh year of Emperor Gaozu, and killed him on charges of rebellion. Han Xin wrote three art books, which have been lost.