1. College graduates start their own businesses within two years after graduation, and apply for business licenses at the industrial and commercial departments where the entrepreneurial entities are located. If the registered capital (capital) is less than 511,111 yuan, they are allowed to be put in place by stages, with the initial capital not less than 11% of the registered capital (capital contribution not less than 31,111 yuan), and the paid-in registered capital will be increased to more than 51% within 1 years, and the balance can be put in place by stages within 3 years.
(2) Enterprises or business units newly established by university graduates in consulting, information and technical services are exempted from enterprise income tax for two years with the approval of the tax authorities; Newly established enterprises or business units engaged in transportation, post and telecommunications shall be exempted from enterprise income tax in the first year and levied enterprise income tax by half in the second year with the approval of the tax authorities; Newly established enterprises or business units engaged in public utilities, commerce, materials industry, foreign trade industry, tourism, logistics industry, warehousing industry, residential service industry, catering industry, educational and cultural undertakings and health undertakings shall be exempted from enterprise income tax for one year with the approval of the tax authorities.
(3) Commercial banks, joint-stock banks, city commercial banks and qualified urban credit cooperatives in various countries should provide small loans to graduates who start their own businesses, simplify procedures and provide convenience for opening accounts and settlement, with a loan amount of about 21,111 yuan. The longest loan period is two years. If it is determined that it needs to be extended at maturity, you can apply for an extension once. The loan interest is determined according to the loan interest rate published by the People's Bank of China. The maximum amount of guarantee is five times that of the guarantee fund, and the term is the same as the loan term.
(4) The personnel intermediary service institutions affiliated to the personnel administrative department of the government keep personnel files (including handling social security, professional titles, file wages and other relevant procedures) for self-employed graduates for 2 years free of charge; Provide free information about the supply and demand of talents and labor force, and release free recruitment advertisements and other services; Appropriate reduction and exemption of fees for participating in talent fairs or talent labor exchange activities; Offer to provide a training and evaluation service for employees who start a business.
The above preferential policies are formulated by the state for all college students who start their own businesses. In order to support local college students to start their own businesses, local governments have also issued relevant policies and regulations, which are more detailed and closer to reality. Understanding these preferential policies will make college students feel the support of the state and the government and strengthen their determination to start a business.
College students are enthusiastic about starting a business, but the success rate of starting a business is obviously low due to lack of experience, lack of ability and deviation of consciousness. In this regard, Xu Benliang, an expert in entrepreneurship guidance for college students and the president of Shanghai Entrepreneurship Education and Training Center, believes that college students must have the following hardware for starting a business:
Hardware 1:
Reserve of entrepreneurial knowledge; It is easy for college students to fall into the misunderstanding that they are too arrogant and too armchair. Because they stay on campus for a long time, they lack understanding of society, especially in market development and enterprise operation. Therefore, college students should be fully prepared before starting a business. On the one hand, they should rely on working or internship in enterprises to accumulate relevant management and marketing experience; On the other hand, by participating in entrepreneurship training, accumulating entrepreneurial knowledge, receiving professional guidance and charging yourself, we can improve the success rate of entrepreneurship.
Hardware II:
Preparation of funds; You cannot make a silk purse out of a sow's ear. Nearly half of college students think that "capital is a roadblock to starting a business". Without funds, even the best ideas can hardly be transformed into realistic productivity. Before obtaining funds, you must first understand how much money you need, how to obtain funds, and how the sources of funds are. Entrepreneurs must have a certain business concept, whether to choose creditor's rights as the source of funds or equity as the source of funds, and what you choose to protect your investors. These basic issues will determine the success of the early stage of entrepreneurship. College students should broaden their thinking and raise funds through multiple channels. Besides traditional channels such as bank loans, self-raised funds and private loans, they can also make full use of financing channels such as venture capital and venture capital.
Hardware III:
Technology and interests; Exchanging intelligence for capital is a characteristic way for college students to start their own businesses. Some venture capitalists are often willing to fund their entrepreneurial plans just because they take a fancy to the advanced technology that college students have mastered. Therefore, college students who intend to start businesses in high-tech fields must pay attention to skills <: BR> Technological innovation, the development of products with independent intellectual property rights, to attract investors' funds.
Hardware IV:
Personal ability; Entrepreneurship is a process from simple to complicated. For example, if you lack judgment on the market at first, you should start with a simple market and accumulate experience. College students are outstanding in technology, but their abilities in financial management, marketing, communication and management are generally insufficient, and they are not familiar with the "rules of the game". In order to succeed in starting a business, entrepreneurs should not only have strong execution ability (perseverance and persistence), but also have basic business ability.
Although there are unlimited business opportunities in today's entrepreneurial market, for college entrepreneurs with limited funds, ability and experience, it is not "bending over to pick up the wealth on the ground". In this case, only according to their own characteristics, can college students find the right place to start a business, and then they can break into a new world that really suits them.
Direction 1:
College students who are in the forefront of high-tech fields have the advantage of being close to the water, and the success of college students' entrepreneurial enterprises such as Netease and Tencent is due to the technological advantages of entrepreneurs. But not all college students are suitable for starting a business in the high-tech field. Generally speaking, college students with profound technical skills and outstanding academic achievements have the hope of success. College students who are interested in starting a business in this field can actively participate in various entrepreneurial competitions and get the opportunity to stand out in order to attract venture capital.
recommended business opportunities:
software development, network services, game development, etc.
direction 2: the field of intellectual services. In the field of intellectual services, college students are comfortable, and intelligence is the first capital for college students to start a business. For example, the field of family education is very suitable for college students to start businesses, especially those majoring in normal universities. On the one hand, family education is a traditional channel for college students to work and study, and has accumulated rich experience; On the other hand, college students can make full use of the educational resources of colleges and universities, and it is easier to find the "first bucket of gold". The cost of this kind of intellectual service entrepreneurship project is low, and a desk and a phone can be opened.
recommended business opportunities:
tutor, tutor agency, design studio, translation firm, etc.
direction 3:
franchise chain field According to the survey, in the same business field, the success rate of individual entrepreneurship is less than 21%, while those who join in entrepreneurship are as high as 81%. For college students with limited entrepreneurial resources, with the help of franchise chain's brand, technology, marketing and equipment advantages, they can start their own businesses with less investment and lower threshold. However, franchise chain is not "zero-risk". Under the mixed market, college students are not deeply involved in the world, so they should pay more attention to avoiding risks when choosing projects to join. Generally speaking, college students' entrepreneurs are weak in financial strength, so they are suitable for joining projects with little start-up capital and low staffing requirements, and it is appropriate to start with small business; In addition, it is best to choose mature brands that have been operating for more than 5 years and have more than 11 franchise stores.