Kang Million Manor, backed by Mangshan Mountain and facing Luoshui, is a treasure trove of geomantic omen, and also a representative of fortress-like buildings on the Loess Plateau in northern China in the 17th and 18th centuries. According to the traditional culture of "harmony between man and nature, learning from nature", it chooses the location of "building caves by mountains, buildings by streets, docks by rivers and walls by risks". In 200 1 year, Kang Million Manor was announced by the State Council as a national key cultural relics protection unit, and was awarded as a national tourist scenic spot in 2005.

"Kang Million" is a general term for the whole family represented by Kang Yingkui since the Ming and Qing Dynasties, and it is famous all over the world because of the gift of Empress Dowager Cixi. From the middle of the Ming Dynasty, the Kang family started from running shops, made a fortune by water, made a fortune by land, stayed at home and studied family heirlooms. From the sixth ancestor Kang Shaojing to the eighteenth ancestor Kang Lanting, he has been rich for 12 generations for more than 400 years. On the basis of predecessors, Kang Yingkui, the 14th generation in the middle of Qing Dynasty, took advantage of the opportunity of the Qing court to suppress Anbailism to "get rich". He is richer than three provinces and six rivers, with land of 6.5438+0.8 million mu and countless wealth. Folk call him "sleeping in Jingyang, Xi 'an, stepping on Linyi, Jinan, running thousands of miles without eating other grass, traveling thousands of miles full of Kangjiatian!" "Things are in full swing. During the Ming and Qing Dynasties, Kang Million, Shen Wansan and Ruan were called the three "living gods of wealth" by China people. During the Republic of China, "Liu in the east, Zhang in the west and Lao Kang in the middle" were the three richest people in the Central Plains. In the sixties and seventies, Kang Million Manor in Henan, Liu Manor in Sichuan and Mouerhei Manor in Shandong were called the three major manors in China. On the left front, you can see the four characters "Home of Henan Merchants". The Kang family has carried out the Confucian ethics of "benevolence, righteousness, courtesy, wisdom and trust" in business operations. For more than 400 years, it has been extremely rich and is a model for Henan businessmen.

Kang Million Manor covers a total area of more than 240 mu and consists of 19. At present, the main residential area, warehouse area, workshop area, south yard and ancestral hall area are preserved. There are 33 courtyards, 53 buildings, 73 caves and 97 bungalows with a total area of 64,300 square meters. Here, let's take a look at the whole manor in Ming and Qing Dynasties. At present, we are in this situation. Today, I mainly visit the board house area, the main residential area and the south courtyard of the manor. In addition, the Kang family also owns its own forest farm and timber factory ... behind closed doors, the Kang family can be self-sufficient and produce and sell itself. In 2003, a treasure cave was found in a cave in the main residential area, which can lead directly to Jinguzhai, Mangshan, 2 kilometers away. Leaders, please come this way. Let's visit the board house area first.

Banfang District was built in the 11th to 18th year of Guangxu in Qing Dynasty (1885 ~ 1892). At that time, the Kang family used the Luohe River in front of the door to do water transportation business, and the board house was originally used as a stop for ships to load goods after traveling around the country. With the growing business and continuous improvement of board houses, it has now become a commercial center integrating warehouse, office and business. In its heyday, Konka board houses spread all over the country, east to Japan, west to Lanzhou, south to Shanghai and Hangzhou, and north to Tianjin. The board house in Kangdian that we saw today is completely a board house in Konka. At that time, the Kang family recruited talented people, collectively known as "xianggong", which was divided into four old xianggong, eight big xianggong and thirty-two small xianggong, forming a pyramid management structure and managing simple houses step by step. Here, please look up at the abacus above. Its length is 9.99 meters, which means that the Kang family's business is very long. In addition, the abacus is hung in this place to remind visitors that the financial center of the Kang family is in front, and irrelevant personnel are not allowed to enter or leave at will.

The gold and silver vault is where Kang Million keeps gold, silver, jewels and valuables. Here, the original appearance has been restored, and some official kiln porcelain, antiques, gold and silver jewelry, silver tickets, contract jewelry boxes, antique shelves and Qing Dynasty crates are displayed for visitors to visit. "Kang Million" is the richest man in the Central Plains, and their first consideration should be the soft storage of gold and silver. So Kang Million Manor has gold and silver vaults, treasure caves, escape caves and so on. , for them to hide treasure in troubled times. In order to ensure the safety of wealth, the Kang family thinks that the most dangerous place is also the safest place, so the Kang family sets the gold and silver vault in the commercial warehouse area. One of the most ingenious features of the gold and silver vault is the internal and external call. The external summons is located outside the door, and the internal summons is located under the eaves of the Third Hospital. You won't find it easily without careful observation. If something unusual happens, the external summons will immediately notify the internal summons, and the internal summons will immediately take measures to ensure the safety of funds after receiving the news. In the main residential area we will visit later, we will also see the Kang family's treasure cave, which, like the gold and silver vault, is the need for the owner to treasure his property and protect his own safety.

The workshop area was the main producing area of Konka in that year, and the interior mainly restored the scenes of Konka's textile flowers, weaving, brewing and smashing rice in that year, with a rich flavor of life.

Leaders, through the 30-meter-long tunnel, we are about to reach the main residential area. The main residential area is where the main population lives and lives. It is the most complete and important area in the whole park, covering an area of more than 8,000 square meters and consisting of seven courtyards. The five characters "Kang Million Manor" in the picture were inscribed by Mr. Luo, a famous ancient architecture expert in China. * * * There are three defense facilities. The first one is the tunnel that we pass through now, which is covered with high walls and battlements. The city gate is closed, and there is a tendency that "one person guards it, and ten thousand people cannot force it"; The second defense facility is the patrol passage above, where servants patrol day and night to protect the safety of the Kang family. The third defense facility is the top guard yard, and the family is condescending to protect the safety of the manor at all times.

When you enter the main residential area, you first see the ancient well in front of you, named "Ye's Well". It turns out that this land belongs to the Ye family. The Kang family took a fancy to Mr. Feng Shui when he asked him to look at the land. When he wanted to buy it, Ye Jia insisted on selling land instead of wells, because water represents financial resources and there is no such thing as selling money. At that time, Kang Jia piled up the whole well platform with gold, but Ye Jia still didn't sell it. In the end, the Kang family can use it, but this ownership is still owned by the Ye family.

This way, please Let's visit the first yard first. These plaques hanging on it are all used to praise the Kang family. At that time, the Yellow River was built, schools were built, and porridge was delivered free of charge, so it was called Kang. The main residential area is where the owner of the Kang family lives and lives. It sits facing south, from east to west, and consists of a south courtyard and a north courtyard. There are five courtyards in the North Courtyard and two courtyards in the South Courtyard.

The courtyard where everyone is standing now was built by Kang Dayong, the 12th generation manor owner of the Kang family, in the early years of Qianlong. Commonly known as the "old courtyard", it is a typical quadrangle with front hall and back bedroom in China. Let's look at the front picture of the couplet, which says, "Before you are determined to be brilliant, you should only study and teach your children, but after you are rich, you should be frugal with your family." That is to say, if you want to honor your ancestors, you must study and teach your children, and the best way to benefit future generations is to let your family be thrifty. The luxurious and spacious hall we came to now was the main living room of the Kang family at that time. "Into Kang million, look at the residual plaque first." Here, I would like to focus on the symbol of Konka Manor culture and the treasure of the town hall-"Yu Yu". Please look up. This unique plaque hanging directly above the hall belongs to the Kang family. The family instruction plaque "still exists". The first two prominent seal characters are the word "Yu Yu", leaving room. At the beginning of its content, it mentioned: "Liu Siming, a Taoist priest, said: I have more than enough, and I can't take it back; Leave more than enough to repay the court; Leave more than enough and inexhaustible wealth to repay the people; Leave more than enough, endless blessings to repay future generations. " Here I quote four maxims of Wang Boda, a Taoist priest in the Southern Song Dynasty, to warn future generations to leave room for everything. When they are alive, don't use up all their wealth and leave it to those in need. He also quoted Gao Jingyi, a scholar in the Ming Dynasty, as saying: "There is something to do; When the money is relaxed, there will be a aftertaste. " It can be said that the residual thoughts have been brought to the extreme. In fact, not only its content, but also a unique feature of this plaque is its unique shape. Can you see it looks like a flag flying in the wind? In other words, Master Kang hopes that the idea of "surplus grain" will be passed down from generation to generation like a banner. More subtly, you should leave a few more days on the word "leftover" and leave some room under it to warn future generations to be worthy of the national court and the Lebanese people. From the reading point of view, this plaque looks like an open book, which is helpful to remind people to open the book. This plaque was inscribed by Niu Jueyu, the literary champion of Gongxian County 187 1. Now it has been included in one of the famous plaques in China.

This is a standard quadrangle building. The building structure has the saying that "the balcony does not press the right, and the west does not press the east". Behind it is the main house, where the elders live, and on both sides of it are the wing and the wing. Therefore, the east wing is the place where the eldest son lives. The house in the west is slightly lower than the house in the east, which is occupied by the second son and the wing is occupied by the servant.

This is the tallest building in the manor, and it can also be said to be a symbol of power and status. All the elders of the Kang family live here. Here, please enjoy the most beautifully preserved dingzi bed in Kangjia. It is carved with golden nanmu, and it took ten skilled craftsmen 1700 man-hours and nearly five years to make it. Through carving and hollowing out, there are more than 80 patterns. The carvings of bedposts are all bamboo-shaped, symbolizing the peace and rise of bamboo newspapers. Carved in the middle is Fu Lushou's Samsung, which symbolizes "Samsung shines high, longevity and well-being". The top floor is carved with an official riding a burly horse, with neat guard of honor on both sides, symbolizing soaring. The second floor is engraved with spring, summer, autumn and winter, symbolizing the peace of the four seasons. On the third floor, there are characters' stories such as comity, class reading and game diagram. There are children playing with golden rooster and unicorn to send pictures, which means "good luck". In a word, the symbolic meaning of carving these figures and flower patterns is to have more children, be happy and live longer, which is a reflection of people's good wishes. Another beauty of this bed is that it can be disassembled freely. It consists of 37 parts, and the whole body is riveted without a nail, which is equivalent to our present combined furniture. You see, the place where the servants temporarily rest is the rectangular place in front of the pedal. Because they always serve the elderly, they sleep in front of their beds and are on call. This bed can be said to be an outstanding representative of wood carving.

This treasure cave was discovered and excavated in April 2003, and it was learned from Kangjiadi19th generation Kangsu Zen Pass. After investigation and measurement, for safety reasons, only more than 50 meters have been dug at present. The treasure cave is cleverly designed for two purposes: if you are rich, you will hide the treasure, and if you are chaotic, you will flee. Inside this hole are holes-to-holes, kiln-to-kiln, and hole-to-hole connections. The mechanism is ingenious. It is said that there are two exits, one leading to Jinguzhai, a military fortress of Konka, 2 kilometers away, and the other leading to Mangshanling, which fully embodies the residents' situation and architectural characteristics of the ancient Central Plains during the war years. When the time is ripe, we will continue to develop, and then everyone can see the mysterious style of the treasure cave.

This is the end of the visit to the First Hospital. Let's cross this aisle and visit Xiuzhi Courtyard, the second courtyard. Please come in.

What we are seeing now is the representative of the cave-the three-story kiln building. This form is very rare in the Central Plains and even the whole country, and it is called kiln site building. On the one hand, it can be seen from the appearance that it has three floors, the upper two floors are separated by wooden shed boards for storing goods, and the first floor is inhabited. This courtyard is the courtyard where the outstanding children of the Kang family live. The jujube trees in the yard are nearly 200 years old, which means that they will become talents as soon as possible. What you will see is a living relic of the manor, a 300-year-old vine. This vine was planted during the Qianlong period of the Qing Dynasty and has a history of nearly 300 years. As a vine, it is very rare for grapes to grow into trees. It is also unique in other parts of the country that branches pass through the wall and cover two yards like this. Although this vine has experienced 300 years of vicissitudes, it is still flourishing and fruitful year after year. Moreover, the variety is Xinjiang seedless grape, which matures in mid-July every year. At that time, we will hold a "Grape Festival", and welcome leaders to come and taste it for free.

We saw that the door pillow in front of us was a stone carving of the manor. The whole piece of bluestone is carved in three layers, and the top layer is carved with male and female lying lions. Common lions squat or stand, glaring and imposing. And this pair of lions are lying down, looking docile and lovely. On the one hand, it shows that the host family is well-off and heavily guarded, and even their own lions are full, so they don't have to get up to look after the house. Secondly, it also shows that family precepts are low-key, reserved and unobtrusive. The second layer is a group of character stories. It echoes the couplet on the door. The first part is: "There is no other way to do things well". We all know that "filial piety comes first and filial piety is good", so the front of the door pillow stone is carved with a picture of "respecting the old and loving the young". The inside is engraved with the picture of "Sister-in-law is harmonious" and "Everything is prosperous for collectors". The bottom line is "family heirloom or research." As the saying goes, "everything is inferior, only reading is high." So I carved out the corresponding "learning from" map. Be polite when reading. There is a group of traditional Chinese patterns carved on the third floor, and the front is carved with "phoenix peony", which means brilliance; It is engraved with pictures of "Kirin delivering the child" and "Golden Rooster announcing the dawn". Through this kind of content engraved on the door pillow stone, they can let future generations see that they must do it and practice it.

At the top of the Diaohuagatehouse, there is a picture of three lions dancing rope carved in turquoise, which is homophonic, that is, five generations live under one roof. The rope is endless, which means wealth is endless, and the lion dance and hydrangea are wonderful. The four Chinese characters "lead an honest and clean life" in the seal script teach future generations to be honest, modest and polite, which is also the family motto of the Kang family. This way, please Let's look at the genealogy. Let's take a brief look at the development history of Konka: Konka's family history can be traced back to the Hongwu period of the Ming Dynasty. Ancestor Kang Shouxin moved to Luohe with his mother Zhao from Hongtong County, Shanxi Province. In order to make a living, he opened a small shop on the bank of Luohe, called Konka Store, which mainly engaged in catering, accommodation and other businesses. Because of its reputation and humility, this store has gradually become famous. 1644, after the Qing army entered the customs, this place was officially renamed Kangdian according to the name of Konka Store. Now most residents in Kangdian are descendants of Kang Shouxin. The family business began to improve slowly from the sixth Kang Shaojing, who served as the history of Dongchangfu, Shandong Province, managing the local salt industry and land and water transportation. The salt industry has been monopolized by the state since the Han Dynasty, and developed into a commercial office under the supervision of officials in the Ming and Qing Dynasties, which made the exchanges between officials and businessmen very close and laid a very important foundation for Konka to do business in Shandong in the future. By the time of the 12th generation manor owner Kang Hui, he married the descendants of the Ming Dynasty royal family, gained a rich economic foundation and greatly increased his strength. After several generations' efforts, the business developed to the first12nd generation of Kang Dayong, and there was an important turning point. This period was the early years of the Qing Dynasty. Emperor Kangxi attached great importance to grain transportation. Kang Dayong seized the opportunity, resolutely changed the traditional secular concept of being an official and doing nothing, and opened up his own fleet. At that time, there were various Konka ships, the largest of which was called "Taiping Ship", which could carry 200,000 Jin of grain and goods at a time. Selling salt and grain between Shandong and Henan. The land of Kangjia reached thousands of acres during this period. By the 14th Kang Yingkui, taking advantage of the Qing court's crackdown on Bailian religion, he bribed the Qing court generals with Lebao, supplied the whole army with grain and cotton cloth for ten years, and made a fortune, opening up cotton bases in Sanyuan, Jingyang and Fuping. His family businesses are located in 18 counties in Henan, Shaanxi and Shandong provinces. The big family business in this period is described as "Jingyang and Xi 'an as pillows, Linyi and Jinan as feet, horses running thousands of miles without eating other grass, and pedestrians are full of Kangjiatian." "However, any large family, when it is prosperous, will inevitably decline, and Kang Jia is no exception. Several factors contributed to the decline of the Kang family. First, during the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom Movement, the Kang family's fleet all sank to the bottom of the river in the Qing army's "clearing the wild and rowing the river" campaign, and the Kang family was unable to conduct large-scale commercial activities from then on. Secondly, in 190 1 year, after the signing of the treaty of shame and ugliness, Emperor Guangxu and Empress Dowager Cixi passed by Kangdian on their way back to Beijing from An, and the Kang family received the two palaces at their own expense. After liberation, some ambitious young people at home embarked on the revolutionary road, and of course most of them became self-reliant workers.

The descendants of the Kang family are also talented: among them, the king of the 19 generation, formerly known as Kang Wusheng, was once the deputy minister of the Ministry of Civil Affairs of China; The 20th generation of Kang Dingjun, the current deputy secretary of Zhengzhou Municipal Committee ... In this series of figures, we can also see that most of the descendants of the Kang family are senior intellectuals.

Now we come to the fourth courtyard of the North Hospital and see a stone table, which was used by Yue Bai in the Kang family Mid-Autumn Festival. What is even more peculiar is that there is a thought-provoking inscription engraved on the bottom of the stone case: "A stubborn stone, with a spirit, can still be seen innocent after carving ..." The Kang family borrowed an inscription to remind future generations to enjoy and sacrifice the moon. This text is called "Inscription of Stone Cases". An irregular stone will become a beautiful jade after a long time of carving. Only through hard training and continuous progress can a person succeed. This is the main content of the inscription on the stone case, and it also reveals the truth that "jade can't be cut into a tool, and people can't teach it."

Next, we saw the Shiping kiln of the Kang family. The kiln wall is inlaid with sixteen carved bluestones, just like the nave paintings hanging on the wall. The content of the inscription mainly records the eulogy of local celebrities after Kang Daoping, the first generation of Kang Jia15th generation, organized a group training to resist the Nian army and ensure the safety of one side. So this cave is also called Gongde kiln. The art of 16-character calligraphy is first-class in the Central Plains in the past and even now, and there are all kinds of fonts, such as true, cursive, official, seal and line.

In A.D. 1900, Eight-Nation Alliance went to Beijing, and Empress Dowager Cixi fled to xi 'an with Emperor Guangxu. In the second year, that is, 190 1, Empress Dowager Cixi and Emperor Guangxu returned to Beijing and passed by Gongxian County. Due to the famine and financial deficit in Henan at that time, the local magistrate was unable to receive them. So, let's. Because I don't know whether Empress Dowager Cixi and Emperor Guangxu will go by water or land, I made two preparations. First, they built a palace in East Heishiguan and a pontoon bridge on the Luohe River. In addition, they also built five dragon boats on the Luohe River in Gongxian County. In order to park these five big ships, they specially built five docks on the east bank of Beiluoshui River in Nanyaowan Village, commonly known as Longyao. Please look at this magnificent picture of the Eastern Zhou Dynasty on the front wall, which vividly reproduces the scene at that time. The truth is that Cixi didn't go by water because of the flood in Luohe at that time. So, after arriving in Gongyi, she only stayed in this palace for one night. Before leaving the next day, Kang Jiande, the first17th generation patriarch of the family at that time, donated 6,543,800 taels of silver to Cixi through Li. Cixi was very happy and praised "I didn't know there were millionaires here!" If the former "Kang Million" was just a folk nickname and was widely circulated, then "Kang Million" became famous all over the world through the golden mouth of Cixi.

The South Courtyard is the official residence of the Kang family to receive dignitaries, a symbol of the peak of the Kang family's development, and an important place to show the taste, cultivation and lifestyle of the Kang family.

"Kang Million is a well-deserved representative of Henan merchants in history. Whether it is the way of management, cultural heritage or folk image, it can be called a model of Henan businessmen. " After large-scale publicity, the scenic spot attracted many tourists to visit, which made them deeply understand the cultural connotation of "tolerance, thrift, valuing righteousness and doing business to help the world".