[Abstract] To fully and accurately grasp the profound connotation of Scientific Outlook on Development, we should always insist on using Scientific Outlook on Development to guide the development of county economy, innovate development ideas, develop modern agriculture, promote industrialization, improve the proportion and level of service industry, coordinate urban and rural development, build a new socialist countryside, and use Scientific Outlook on Development to lead the all-round development of county economy to achieve sound and rapid development.
Scientific Outlook on Development revealed the laws and essence of accelerating development, scientific development, harmonious development and sustainable development, and put forward scientific methods to achieve sound and rapid development, which is a scientific theoretical system on a series of major issues such as development direction, development goal, development concept, development strategy and development road. First of all, we must do a good job in economic development. It is a basic experience for our Party to lead Socialism with Chinese characteristics's construction to persist in taking economic construction as the center and solve the problems in progress through development. Only by accelerating economic development can we provide a solid material foundation for solving various problems. At present, the main problem of economic development is not speed, but improving the quality and sustainability of economic growth. The key to realize the development of county economy is to fully implement Scientific Outlook on Development, with Scientific Outlook on Development as the leader.
The first is to develop modern agriculture. Consolidate the industrial support of new rural construction
At present, the main counties in China are rural areas. In 2007, the Central Committee 1 document pointed out: "Developing modern agriculture is the primary task of building a new socialist countryside, and it is an inevitable requirement for Scientific Outlook on Development to lead rural work." Without modern agriculture, the construction of new countryside will lose its important industrial support. China's agricultural development has entered a new stage of development, and the outstanding contradictions and challenges it faces are mainly that the variety structure and quality structure of agricultural products supply do not meet the market demand; Small farmers' decentralized operation is not large enough to directly enter the social market; The separation of agricultural production, processing and marketing has a low overall benefit and cannot meet the needs of increasing farmers' income. In view of the above problems, under the guidance of the overall strategy of building a new socialist countryside, we should guide agriculture with modern development concepts, transform agriculture with modern science and technology, develop agriculture with modern management forms, equip agriculture with modern material conditions, increase agricultural investment, integrate financial resources, provide financial support for the development of modern agriculture, vigorously improve the innovation and transformation ability of agricultural science and technology, increase the content of agricultural science and technology, and improve the comprehensive production capacity and value-added ability of agriculture.
In accordance with the requirements of high yield, high quality, high efficiency, ecology and safety, adjust and optimize the agricultural industrial structure, speed up the construction of industrial belts of superior agricultural products, actively develop characteristic agriculture, green food and ecological agriculture, protect famous brands of agricultural products, and expand leading industries; Vigorously develop animal husbandry according to local conditions, expand the scale of subsidies for improved varieties of livestock and poultry, promote healthy breeding methods, strengthen the infrastructure construction for prevention and control of animal diseases, especially avian influenza, and improve the emergency mechanism for sudden outbreaks; Actively develop aquaculture, expand the cultivation of high-quality aquatic products, develop offshore fisheries and protect fishery resources. At the same time, promote agricultural industrialization, actively promote agricultural standardization, develop conservation-oriented agriculture, improve the international competitiveness of agricultural products, and expand the export of advantageous agricultural products such as gardening, animal husbandry and aquatic products according to local conditions.
Improve the added value of agricultural products while meeting market demand. Extend the agricultural industrial chain, focus on building an agricultural industrialization management system characterized by the integration of production, processing and marketing, solve the problems between the production and marketing of primary products, integrate production, processing and circulation, internalize the operation of related links, and guide and help farmers to embark on the road of specialization, socialization and intensification with agricultural integration organizations and service systems, so as to form economies of scale and enter the socialized market as a whole; Relying on the comprehensive agricultural management system, realize processing value-added, reduce intermediate links, reduce transaction costs and improve the comparative benefits of agricultural industry; Relying on the integrated management system, part of the external economy will be transformed into the internal economy, and the organizational synergy and industrial synergy effects will be brought into play, and a new benefit distribution mechanism will be constructed to prevent natural risks and market risks, improve farmers' operating efficiency and increase farmers' income.
Liberate the factors of production in rural areas, vigorously support the development of farmers' specialized economic cooperation organizations, further strengthen the government's support and guidance to rural specialized economic cooperation organizations, standardize the operation of specialized economic cooperation organizations, establish the legal person status of economic cooperation organizations, give preferential treatment such as tax relief and financial support to the processing and circulation entities run by specialized economic cooperation organizations for a certain period of time, and give full play to the role of farmers' specialized economic cooperation organizations in invigorating the circulation of agricultural products and providing rural public services.
Second, take the road of new industrialization. Promote the process of industrialization
Putting industry in the strategic position of giving priority to the development of counties (cities), promoting the optimization and upgrading of industrial structure and realizing industrialization are still the historical tasks in the process of China's modernization. In accordance with the requirements of the new road to industrialization, adhere to the principle of taking the market as the guide and enterprises as the main body, take strengthening the independent innovation ability as the central link, continue to give play to the competitive advantages of labor-intensive industries, adjust and optimize the product structure, enterprise organizational structure and industrial layout, enhance the overall technical level and comprehensive competitiveness of enterprises, and promote the county-level industries from small to large. Adhere to the road of new industrialization, achieve quantitative expansion, fundamentally shift to quality improvement and structural optimization and upgrading, take enterprises as the main body, give play to the role of market mechanism, rely on the market to allocate resources, adjust the industrial structure according to the carrying capacity of resources and environment, and achieve structural upgrading.
In view of the fact that the weak ability of independent innovation is the fundamental reason for the unreasonable industrial structure in the county, we should take accelerating the transformation of economic development mode as an important focus, insist on taking Scientific Outlook on Development as the overall situation of economic and social development, and realize sound and rapid economic and social development in the county. Take scientific and technological progress and innovation as the support to promote sustained economic growth and realize effective transformation of growth mode, strive to enhance the original innovation ability and digestion, absorption and re-innovation ability of enterprises, cultivate the core competitiveness of county industries, and improve the industrial technology level. Small and medium-sized scientific and technological enterprises are the main force of original innovation in the county, so it is necessary to strengthen the cultivation and support of small and medium-sized scientific and technological enterprises and enhance their original innovation vitality and motivation. Guide enterprises to increase the proportion of R&D investment, enhance the independent innovation ability of enterprises, build independent brands, rely on independent brands to accumulate and expand R&D investment in technology, improve the original innovation ability, form a virtuous circle and develop continuously. Give full play to the important role of private enterprises in independent innovation. Expand the main body of independent innovation. It is necessary to improve the system of policies and regulations that encourage innovation and strive to cultivate and expand a number of original innovative enterprise groups. It is necessary to invest funds in scientific and technological innovation of enterprises in different forms of investment, such as financial participation, subsidies and interest subsidies; At the same time, by providing tax policies that are conducive to the production and operation activities of enterprises, including accelerated depreciation, investment tax credit, break-even balance, tax deduction, preferential tax rate, tax exemption period, etc., the enthusiasm of enterprises to increase human capital investment and research and development is mobilized.
Adjust and optimize product structure, enterprise organizational structure and industrial layout. The optimization and upgrading of industrial structure includes not only the upgrading of product structure, but also the improvement of enterprise organizational structure and the optimization of industrial layout. It is necessary to support enterprise restructuring, focus on cultivating a number of leading enterprises with strong strength, wide radiation, high technology content and strong driving ability, and give full play to the scale effect and demonstration leading role of leading enterprise groups; Cultivate and expand a number of enterprises with a certain scale, popularity and great development potential, make them bigger and stronger, and improve their leading role. Implement the growth project of small and medium-sized enterprises, and give play to the role of small and medium-sized enterprises in independent innovation, job creation and meeting diversified needs. Eliminate backward technologies in accordance with the law and close down enterprises that destroy resources, pollute the environment and do not have safe production conditions. Guide the development of industrial clusters and optimize the industrial layout. In view of the unreasonable contradictions in the industrial structure of some industries in this county, such as overcapacity, backward technology and equipment, serious environmental pollution and low industrial concentration, we should strengthen policy guidance and adjust the industrial structure and layout through industrial policies. Strengthen the coordination of credit, land, environmental protection, power supply and other policies with industrial policies, strictly control new projects in surplus industries, and rationally distribute them according to market demand, resources and traffic conditions; In accordance with the principles of promoting industrial structure upgrading, rational energy saving and environmental protection, we will adjust and improve corresponding policies and establish an exit mechanism for backward production capacity; Fundamentally solve the deep-seated contradictions that lead to investment fever; Strengthen the development of information market and guide the investment behavior of enterprises.
Rational development and economical utilization of resources, improving the efficiency of resource utilization, curbing environmental deterioration and taking the road of scientific, technological, resource-saving and environment-friendly economic development are the inevitable requirements for the implementation of Scientific Outlook on Development and the sound and rapid development of county economy. It is necessary to comprehensively use various means to promote the rational development and economical utilization of resources. Give full play to the role of the market mechanism, comprehensively use economic, legal and necessary administrative means, establish and improve the policy and regulation system and corresponding institutional mechanisms that are conducive to strengthening incentives and constraints, and promote resource conservation and rational utilization. By promoting reform and improving policies, we will strengthen the regulatory role of economic means such as prices and taxes. Actively and steadily speed up the marketization process of resource products prices, gradually establish a price formation mechanism that reflects the scarcity of resources and the relationship between market supply and demand, give greater play to the basic role of market in allocating resources in the development, production and use of resource products, use price mechanisms to adjust the relationship between supply and demand of resources, and promote intensive utilization of resources.
We must do a good job in environmental protection. It is necessary to coordinate population, resources, environment and development. According to the population size, resource endowment, environmental capacity and social and economic development level of each county (city, district), determine the regional development direction, development focus and development mode, optimize the distribution of regional productive forces, and promote comprehensive, coordinated and sustainable economic and social development.
Third, adhere to the direction of marketization, industrialization and socialization. Improve the proportion and level of service industry.
The service industry has the characteristics of less investment, low consumption, less pollution, high efficiency and great employment promotion. Therefore, accelerating the development of service industry is an urgent need to reduce energy and resource consumption, reduce transaction costs, improve the overall quality of the economy, and expand domestic demand and employment. In view of the outstanding problem of the lagging development of service industry, we should put accelerating the development of service industry in a prominent position in the development of county economy, and put the development of service industry in the same important position as the development of agriculture and industry. It is necessary to adhere to the direction of marketization, industrialization and socialization as the basic policy and fundamental driving force for accelerating the development of service industry. Promote the transformation of resource allocation of some service industries from government-led to market-led, break monopoly and relax access areas. Promote the transformation of the service field that should be operated by enterprises from government operation to enterprise operation. Promote the transformation of logistics services from self-service in enterprises and institutions to socialized services. Broaden the field, expand the scale, optimize the structure, enhance the function, standardize the market, and improve the proportion and level of the service industry.
Vigorously develop modern service industry, reorganize and transform traditional service industry, and implement classified guidance according to the characteristics of different industries to improve the quality and level of service industry development. Give priority to the development of producer services. The integration of modern manufacturing industry and service industry has become an important trend of contemporary economic development. The level and profit of manufacturing industry are more reflected in human resources development, R&D, marketing and other service fields. In view of the lack of development of producer services in counties (cities, districts), efforts should be made to give priority to the development of producer services such as transportation, modern logistics, financial services, information services and business services, and modern management methods and information technology should be used to upgrade traditional service industries and improve their proportion and level. On the basis of full competition, we will use advanced and applicable technologies and modern management methods to transform and upgrade traditional service industries such as commerce and catering, which have large employment capacity and are closely related to people's lives; Accounting, lawyers, consulting and other knowledge-intensive emerging service industries that play an intermediary role in the market should develop in a standardized way and achieve orderly development; For financial, insurance, telecommunications and other service industries involving the national economy and people's livelihood and national economic security, market access should be relaxed and effective supervision should be implemented; Increase support for education, culture, health and other undertakings to improve the quality of the people and enhance the country's development potential, and improve the development mechanism. Fourth, speed up the development and construction of small towns. Promote industrial agglomeration and population transfer
Small towns play an important role in promoting the development of agriculture and rural economy, and are an important carrier for coordinating urban and rural development and doing a good job in county economy. We should regard the construction of small towns as an important link in the development of county economy, promote the construction of small towns, and promote industrial agglomeration and rural population transfer.
It is necessary to make scientific planning and rational layout. Planning should conform to the natural bearing capacity, environmental capacity and geological structure of local water and soil resources, and adapt to economic development, employment space, infrastructure and public service supply capacity. It is necessary to highlight the characteristics, make steady progress, and do a good job in urban construction planning with a scientific attitude and long-term vision, with a high starting point and high standards. We should persist in strengthening central towns, downplay the development concept of ordinary towns, strive to improve the quality of small towns rather than the number of county-level urbanization development, and establish a county-level town system. County is the political and economic center of a county, and only with a good foundation can it become the core of county-level competitiveness. We should choose 3-5 central towns with location advantages, transportation advantages, resource advantages or scale advantages to give priority to development. Do a good job in the functional orientation of towns, rely on their own advantages, and focus on building a number of small town groups with different characteristics such as industry, commerce and tourism; It is necessary to revitalize this town with industry. On the one hand, we should guide private enterprises and various agricultural products markets to develop into small towns and form industrial clusters. On the other hand, it is necessary to strengthen the construction of small towns, provide carriers for attracting investment and project construction, develop industrial clusters, and form agglomeration effects. Counties rich in natural resources should develop industries based on local resources and turn potential resource endowment advantages into realistic competitiveness. Counties rich in agricultural resources should develop modern agriculture and prosper towns. Counties rich in natural and human resources should take tourism as a pillar industry and develop related service industries around tourism. Counties rich in mineral resources should focus on the mining and processing of mineral products, and strive to increase the added value of products under the premise of protecting the environment and ecology, so as to provide more accumulation for county economic development. Counties with geographical advantages around large and medium-sized cities can develop supporting industries and advantageous labor-intensive industries for large and medium-sized cities, and strive to join the modern industrial cycle and become an integral part of the development of large and medium-sized cities. At the same time, actively undertake the industries transferred from large and medium-sized cities to the downstream, and make use of the advantages of county human resources and land resources to strengthen the county urban economy; We should use the market mechanism to develop and build. According to the principle of "who invests, who manages and who benefits", we will guide investors such as collectives, individuals and private enterprises to participate in the development and construction of small towns in various forms; It is necessary to improve the institutional mechanism of urbanization development. The government should create institutional environment, policy environment and planning environment conducive to the healthy development of urbanization, actively and steadily promote the reform of urban and rural management system, and provide institutional guarantee for promoting the construction of small towns, promoting industrial agglomeration and population transfer.
Verb (abbreviation of verb) coordinates urban and rural development and builds a new socialist countryside.
Building a new socialist countryside is a concentrated expression of the basic ideas and ideas of the CPC Central Committee to comprehensively implement Scientific Outlook on Development and solve the "three rural issues" since the 16th National Congress, and it is a new concept to solve the "three rural issues". Coordinating urban and rural economic and social development is the basic strategy to promote the construction of new socialist countryside.
Promoting the construction of new countryside with overall planning of urban and rural development as the basic strategy. In the past 30 years of reform and opening up, China's national economy has developed at a high speed and entered a new stage of coordinating urban and rural development. Since the 16th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, according to the objective requirements of China's economic and social development, the central government has made an important judgment of "coordinating urban and rural development" in time. Coordinating urban and rural development means that agriculture and rural economy should be considered in the overall situation of national economic development; It is to put rural social undertakings in the process of building a well-off society in an all-round way, give full play to the driving role of cities in rural areas, and let urban and rural residents enjoy the fruits of reform and development; It is to break the pattern of urban-rural partition characterized by dual structure, vigorously promote the process of urban-rural integration, and finally establish a new pattern of economic and social development in which urban and rural areas complement each other, promote each other, make progress together, and be equal and harmonious. The contradiction between excessive rural population and limited agricultural production resources is the root of the problem of agriculture, countryside and farmers. At the stage of solving food and clothing, the problems of agriculture, rural areas and farmers can be solved within agriculture and rural areas. In the process of building a well-off society in an all-round way, to solve the "three rural issues", we must go beyond the level of agriculture and rural areas and adhere to the basic strategy of coordinating urban and rural economic and social development. Therefore, we should actively and steadily promote urbanization, industrialization and industrialization, and solidly and steadily promote the construction of a new socialist countryside.
Take the development of production as the primary task of new rural construction. The primary task of building a new countryside is to develop production. Only by constantly strengthening the industrial support in rural areas, enhancing the strength and competitiveness of agriculture and rural areas and increasing farmers' income can we lay a solid material foundation for the all-round development of rural society and farmers. At present, the main body of China's rural economy is agricultural economy and its sideline, and priority should be given to developing agricultural productivity. According to the actual situation in various places, from the perspective of industry, we should broaden our horizons, study the orientation and development direction of local agricultural industry, build modern agricultural demonstration parks and districts, extend and form an industrial chain of production, processing, circulation and scientific research consistent with the value chain and ecological chain, enhance the comprehensive agricultural productivity and promote the transformation from traditional agriculture to modern agriculture.
Taking the protection of ecological environment as the premise of new rural construction. Strengthen ecological protection and control unreasonable resource development. Adhere to both ecological construction and protection, and focus on controlling man-made damage. Strictly control the development and construction activities that destroy the surface vegetation, focus on controlling land degradation and grassland desertification in the farming-pastoral ecotone, and reduce the pressure on grain production in the farming-pastoral ecotone; In areas with harsh natural environment and fragile ecology, "people retreat" realizes "sand retreat"; Strengthen the environmental supervision of mineral resources development and tourism development to prevent new damage. Handle the relationship between the development and utilization of water resources and ecological protection, standardize wading behavior from the aspects of saving water, rationally developing water resources, preventing water pollution and protecting biodiversity, and maintain a healthy river ecosystem; Develop a disaster-avoidance economy adapted to floods and droughts to ensure the ecological water use of rivers; In arid and semi-arid areas, it is necessary to strictly control the construction of wading projects, and all construction projects must be fully demonstrated. Strengthen the construction and management of ecological functional areas and nature reserves. Standardize marine development behavior and strengthen ecological protection of typical marine ecosystems and island coastal zones.
Actively carry out the rural environmental protection action plan, mobilize and organize farmers to participate in the comprehensive improvement of rural environment, focus on the treatment of garbage and sewage, and solve the problem of "dirty, chaotic and poor" in rural areas. Prevent and control soil pollution, strictly control sewage irrigation in major grain producing areas and vegetable basket bases, and change the use of cultivated land polluted by persistent organic pollutants and heavy metals; Prevent and control agricultural film pollution of cultivated land, and prohibit hazardous waste from occupying cultivated land; Reduce the predatory development of land, rationally use pesticides and fertilizers, and reduce the pollution of grain and vegetables; Actively develop water-saving agriculture and ecological agriculture, and intensify the pollution control of aquaculture.
Taking cultivating new farmers as the key to the construction of new countryside. Farmers are the main body of new rural construction, and improving the production and living conditions and overall appearance of the vast rural areas depends on the policy support of farmers and the state. Therefore, cultivating a large number of new farmers with high comprehensive quality, strong management ability and quick market response is the key to building a new socialist countryside. It is necessary to strengthen rural education and skills training, improve farmers' labor skills and ability to participate in market competition, improve farmers' overall quality and comprehensive competitiveness, and cultivate new farmers with culture, technology and management.
Taking increasing investment in agriculture and rural areas as a necessary condition for building a new countryside. Increasing farmers' income and improving farmers' life is the purpose and foothold of new rural construction, and we should focus on establishing a long-term mechanism to promote agriculture through industry and bring rural areas through cities. We will continue to increase financial input for agriculture, rural areas and farmers, gradually reduce subsidies for circulation links, and establish a direct subsidy system for farmers. Strengthen rural infrastructure construction, focusing on the construction of rural water, roads and electricity. Give more, not take more, and promote the free flow of rural production factors in urban and rural areas.
Establish and improve the rural public service system as the focus of promoting the construction of new countryside. Rural basic public goods are directly related to farmers' right to subsistence and development, and to the long-term stability of rural society. In reality, the serious imbalance of urban and rural public services and the serious lack of rural public service system have become prominent problems that hinder the coordinated development of urban and rural areas. Therefore, expanding the coverage of rural public services and establishing a sound rural public service system should be the focus of coordinating urban and rural development and promoting the construction of new countryside. Therefore, while increasing investment in rural infrastructure, the focus of financial support for agriculture should be on providing basic public services for farmers. In the future, the new funds for education, health and culture will be mainly used in rural areas; The increased national capital construction funds are mainly used in rural areas; The proceeds from land expropriation and transfer by the government are mainly used in rural areas. It is necessary to establish a unified compulsory education system between urban and rural areas; Accelerate the establishment of a new rural cooperative medical system; Initially establish a rural minimum living security system nationwide; Explore the establishment of an old-age security system in line with rural characteristics. Constantly explore new ways of coordinated development between urban and rural areas under the conditions of market economy, and strive to make breakthroughs in establishing a unified public service system between urban and rural areas.