Expressway service area is generally set up every 50-60 kilometers. According to the needs of geographical environment, there are three forms of service area: separation, unilateral centralization and centralization:
1. Generally, separate service areas are symmetrically arranged on both sides.
2. Unilateral concentration means that the service area is set on one side, and it is necessary to set up an overpass bridge, which occupies a compact area but costs a lot.
3. A central service area is set in the middle, with expressway on both sides, which is convenient for vehicles to pass.
Usually, the service areas should be separated, which helps to prevent the fraudulent exchange of pass cards between vehicles.
Settings in the service area can be divided into four types:
1. When the external scenery is beautiful, it is appropriate to use extroversion to facilitate viewing. 2. When the external environment is relatively closed or complex, the introverted type can be adopted.
3. When the environmental differences between the two sides of expressway are great, the combination of extroversion and introversion can be adopted. 4. If the land is limited or in order to make full use of the space in expressway, the elevated type can be adopted.
Second, the overall layout of the service area
Expressway service area should use the waste soil beside the line to design the service area, try not to occupy cultivated land, control the scale of land use, and rationally lay out various functional areas, so as to make the layout reasonable and save land.
Traffic organization
1. In the design of parking lot, we should consider the non-uniformity and uncertainty of traffic volume and vehicle type. Adopt an effective mixed stop mode. 2. The buildings in the service area are arranged along the periphery of the base, with an entrance and an exit along expressway. The traffic flow lines of the site are divided into external traffic flow lines that stagnate for a short time and internal traffic flow lines that stagnate for a long time. At the same time, pedestrian streamline and vehicle streamline should be avoided.
3. There are 1-2 entrances and exits on both sides of the toll plaza, which are special passages for entering and leaving the service area or refueling.
Some problems existing in the existing service area
1, we don't know enough about the height of the underground water level, even we don't know it, so we set the elevation of the zero ground of the square as low, causing water damage.
2. The pavement structure design of the square is not designed according to the use requirements of the highway, which can not meet the service life requirements, such as the low thickness of the pavement structure and the use of square floor tiles.
3, construction quality standards, construction technology and equipment can not meet the requirements of the main line.
4. The construction period is unreasonable, lagging behind the main line, and there is a phenomenon of rushing to work and insufficient Zhongshan.
Third, the service area setting requirements
(1) There should be space for parking lots, public toilets, gas stations, car maintenance, restaurants and canteens and other supporting facilities, that is, the service area should have a certain land and construction area.
The General Code for the Design of Traffic Engineering and Facilities along expressway has made the following provisions:
Land use and construction area of service area
Land area of service facilities (hm2/ place) and building area (m2/ place) Service Area 4. 0000 ~ 5.333 3 5500 ~ 6 500.
1hm2= 10000m2
Note: [1] The land area of the service area does not include acceleration and deceleration lanes, straight lanes and land for filling (digging) slopes and ditches at the entrance and exit of the service area.
[2] Four-lane expressway adopts the lower limit, and six-lane expressway adopts the upper limit.
(2) The service area spacing should not be too large, generally not more than 50 kilometers, and the maximum spacing should not exceed 60 kilometers.
Four, the main steps of service area design
After determining the area and construction scale of the service area, the layout of the service area can be carried out. The layout of the service area should be separate, symmetrical or asymmetrical, but the areas on the left and right sides should be equal. 1. Determine the approximate location of the service area according to the work permit document. 2. Initially determine the square elevation of the service area.
3. The plane design of the through train lane has the following advantages:
(1) Vehicles entering the service area by mistake can leave the service area quickly through the through lane without entering the square of the service area. (2) When the driver drives into the service area, he finds that the reception capacity of the service area has reached saturation, so he can quickly leave through the through train and drive to the next service area.
The above two points can improve operational efficiency and reduce unnecessary detours. (3) It is more convenient to design and accurately calculate earthwork. 4. Section design of through train lane:
The longitudinal slope in the square of general service area should be greater than 0.3% to facilitate drainage, and the combined slope with the transverse slope of the square of service area should be less than 2% to make use of the architectural layout in the square of service area. 5. Cross-sectional design
6. Accurately calculate the earthwork volume and adjust the elevation of the service area square. 7. Drainage and access design.
Verb (abbreviation of verb) service area design example
Taking the design of expressway service area in Yunxian County as an example, the design method of service area is discussed in detail. Yunxian Service Area is located at K46+000, Meteorite expressway, Liuwan Village, Yangxipu Town, Yunxian County. The design speed of the main line is 80km/h, with four lanes in both directions. The square area of the service area is 60 mu, with 30 mu on each side. 1. Approximate location of the proposed service area
Calculate the earthwork volume of the main line in the service area. The excavation of the main line in this section is 249792m3, and the fill is 12 1 192m3. Obviously, the excavation is far more than the filling, so the square of the service area should be arranged where the filling can be consumed. It is preliminarily determined that the service area square A on one side is set in the ravine on the right side of K45+800, and the other side B is set in the low-lying land on the left side of K46+ 100, and it is away from the pond.
5. Cross-sectional design
The width of the service area square is defined as the width of the through train lane, and the service area square and the through train lane are "capped" together. Taking AK0+280 section as an example, its section design drawing
6. Accurately calculate the earthwork volume, and adjust the elevation of the square in the service area to calculate the earthwork volume in the service area as follows: a. Excavation of the through driveway (including square A): 18558 m3 Fill: 487709m3B, excavation of the through driveway (including square B) 260065 m3, and fill10850m3; Considering the widening of the main line, the excavation of the main line is 256593m3, and the main line is filled 133 102m3. At this time, the fill in the service area is larger than the excavation, so the most effective way to reduce the fill is to lower the design elevation of Square A, readjust the cross-lane profile and lower the elevation of Square A and Square B..
At this point, the earthwork quantity is:
Excavation of a through lane (including Square A): 18558m3 Fill: 465695m3；; B. Excavation of the through lane (including Square B): 265065m3 Fill:10850m3; ; Considering the widening of the main line, the excavation of the main line is 256593m3, and the main line is filled 133 102m3. Moreover, there is excavation allowance within 0.3Km before and after the service area, and the excavation allowance is 754 1 1m3. After the total earthwork, the total amount of fill is 6 19205m3, and the total amount of excavation is 6 15627m3.
Intransitive verb 1 Design of internal facilities in service area. Calculation of parking space
The number of parking spaces in the parking lot is the basis for calculating the scale of other facilities in the service area, and it is also an important factor to determine the overall scale of the service area. The number of parking spaces is calculated according to the traffic volume of the main line and the utilization rate of service facilities as follows: number of parking spaces (one side) = design traffic volume on one side × retention rate × (peak rate ∕ turnover rate) × design traffic volume on one side (vehicle/day): half of the traffic volume in the 35th peak hour after opening to traffic 10 years; Retention rate: number of parked vehicles (vehicles/day)/main traffic volume (vehicles/day)
Peak rate: number of parked vehicles (vehicles per hour)/number of parked vehicles (vehicles per day) Turnover rate: 1 (hours)/average parking time (hours)
Stay rate, peak rate and average parking time of different models of Shanghai Expressway: name of service area; Vehicle stopping rate, peak rate, average parking time /min Meicun, Wangmaoshan, Douzhuang, fairy mountain and Huanglishu small cars 0. 1. 1225 bus 0. 10 0. 13 20 truck 0.1.
2. Parking lot design
For the parking lot with large parking scale, it is best to separate the parking lot of large cars from the parking lot of small cars, with the parking lot of small cars arranged in front and the parking lot of large cars arranged in the back to obtain good visibility conditions; The slope of the parking lot is less than 2% in the longitudinal direction and less than 3% in the transverse direction, and full attention should be paid to drainage; Standard size of parking space: 5. 00m ×2。 Small car 50m, 13. 00m ×3。 Large car 25m, 17. 00m ×3。 Trailer 50 meters. According to parking space data and parking space size, combined with vehicle parking direction and connecting lane width, parking spaces can be designed in detail.
3. Design scale of gas station
Oilman/Gas Station /m2 Office /m2 Others /m2 Total Area /m2 4-6
4. The design scale of the restaurant
Number of parking spaces on one side/number of parking spaces on one side/number of seats/standard area/m2 > 251190 950 250-201160 800 200-151/kloc
100 500 & lt； 100
70
celebrity
5. Design scale of small shops
Number of vehicles parked on one side/vehicle area/m2 > 251255 250-201230 200-1200150-1kloc-0. 100
160
6. Design scale of public toilets
Design scale of public toilets in service area Number of parking spaces/Number of toilets/Standard area/square meter Male (small) Male (large) female disabled side
Design scale of public toilets in parking lot Number of parking lots/number of toilets/standard area/square meter Male (small) Male (large) Female >
7. The new design concept brought by Jingcheng expressway Service Area.
1. Drivers and passengers of Beijing, Chengdu and Expressway share a service building in this service area.
Expressway Service Area uses facilities such as restaurants, shops, accommodation and public toilets in a service building to balance the situation that there is a driving peak in one direction of Jingcheng Expressway, while the number of passengers in the other direction is small, so that the total service volume of expressway Service Area remains relatively stable. So as to avoid the situation that the service facilities in expressway service area are insufficient or idle due to the change of one-way traffic peaks and valleys in expressway.
2. Vehicles from Beijing to expressway can borrow from each other in the parking lot of this service area.
This layout reduces the traffic flow on the road in front of the service building, and ensures that drivers and passengers in two directions will not cross the streamline of vehicles and drivers and passengers in the opposite direction, so as to reach the service building quickly and safely. At the same time, by means of management, the boundary of east and west parking lots will be moved to the left or right, and the parking lot ratio in both directions will be adjusted at any time. This flexible arrangement will effectively balance the peak and trough problems of two-way parking. It not only realizes the service function of the service building, but also realizes the two-way flexible adjustment and complementary use of the parking lot.
3. Vehicles from Beijing to expressway use some facilities of gas stations.
This service area is about 50 kilometers away from the main city of Beijing, and its gas station mainly serves vehicles entering Beijing, but the service volume of refueling outside Beijing is less. Therefore, the direction of entering Beijing is to enter the station to refuel, that is, to set up a gas station at the entrance of the parking lot, combined with the widened approach road, to provide vehicles with a place to wait for refueling as much as possible to avoid congestion caused by refueling; Use outbound refueling in the direction of leaving Beijing, that is, set up a gas station before the vehicle leaves the service area. The gas stations in both directions are planned and placed on the east side of the parking lot in a unified way, which is convenient for unified management. Oil storage tanks and related laws and regulations are used to protect facilities and reduce the operating costs of gas stations.
4. Two-way vehicles from Beijing to expressway will use the mechanical repair shop in this service area.
Mechanical repair shop is an indispensable part of expressway service area, but its function has little contact with ordinary passengers, mainly vehicle maintenance. Therefore, the machine repair workshop has its own site, which is located in the northwest of the vehicle service area from Beijing to Expressway. This not only saves resources and equipment, but also separates it from the main passenger activity area through the green belt, thus avoiding the visual and auditory pollution caused by the garage to the drivers and passengers in the service area.