Huricane

etymology

The word hurricane comes from the Caribbean demon Hurrican, and it is also said that Hurakan is one of the creation gods in Mayan mythology, the god of thunderstorms and cyclones. The word typhoon comes from Typhon, the son of Gaia, the mother of the earth in Greek mythology. It is a monster with a hundred faucets, and it is said that its child is a terrible gale.

As for the Chinese word "typhoon", some people say it comes from Japanese, while others say it comes from China. In the past, there were frequent storms along the southeast coast of China, which were called "gale" by local fishermen and later became typhoons.

classification of Hurricanes

although hurricane and Typhoon have different names, they are the same in nature and belong to tropical cyclones. A tropical cyclone that occurs in the Atlantic Ocean or the eastern Pacific Ocean and has a central wind force of 12 or above (that is, more than 32.7 meters per second) is called a hurricane. According to the hourly advancing distance of the hurricane center, the National Hurricane Center of the United States divides the hurricane into five levels: the first-class hurricane is 119 km-153 km; The second-class hurricane is 154 km-177 km; The third-level hurricane is 178 km-219 km; Category 4 hurricane is 211 km-249 km; Category 5 hurricane is more than 249 kilometers. As for tropical cyclones that occur in the western Pacific and reach the same intensity, they are called typhoons. Traditionally, typhoons are also used to collectively refer to all tropical cyclones that occur in the northwest Pacific.

Hurricanes

In the northern hemisphere, typhoons rotate counterclockwise, while in the southern hemisphere, they rotate clockwise. It is usually accompanied by strong winds and heavy rains, which seriously threatens people's lives and property and has a great impact on people's livelihood, agriculture and economy. It is a serious natural disaster.

causes and effects

one reason why hurricanes are produced in tropical oceans is that warm seawater is its power "fuel". As a result, some scientists began to study whether the warming earth would bring more powerful and harmful tropical storms. Most meteorologists believe that the earth seems to be getting hotter and hotter. They think that carbon dioxide and so-called greenhouse gases from the atmosphere are warming the earth. Researchers warn that people must seriously think about the problem of global climate change decades or even centuries later. It should be pointed out that a weather and climate event, such as a strong hurricane or a hurricane-active season, does not mean that the global climate has warmed.

Typhoon

Both typhoons and hurricanes are a kind of wind, but they occur in different places and are called differently. The typhoon is in the western part of the North Pacific Ocean, west of the international date, including the South China Sea; Tropical cyclones in the Atlantic Ocean or the eastern North Pacific Ocean are called hurricanes, which means hurricanes in the United States and typhoons in the Philippines, China and Japan.

Typhoon is a kind of intense tropical cyclone produced on the tropical ocean surface. Typhoons are often accompanied by strong winds and heavy rain. The wind rotates counterclockwise. Isobars and isotherms are approximately a set of concentric circles. The central air pressure is the lowest and the temperature is the highest.

Typhoon classification

Typhoons are classified according to the maximum wind force near the center of tropical cyclone. In the past, the meteorological department of China called winds of magnitude 8 to 11 as typhoons, and those of magnitude 12 and above as strong typhoons. Since October 1, 1989, the international unified classification method has been adopted. The maximum wind force near the center is called a tropical storm when it is 8 ~ 9, a strong tropical storm when it is l1 ~ 11, and a typhoon when it is 12 or above. In 2116, according to the notice of "National Standard for Tropical Cyclone Grades" GBT 19211-2116 issued by China Meteorological Bureau, tropical cyclones are classified into six grades according to the maximum ground wind speed near the center: super typhoon when the maximum wind force near the center is 16 or above, strong typhoon when the maximum wind force near the center is 14-15, and typhoon when the maximum wind force near the center is 12-13. The maximum wind force near the center is called a strong tropical storm when it is between l1 and 11, a tropical storm when it is between 8 and 9, and a tropical depression when it is between 12 and 13. For the sake of simplicity, it is still collectively referred to as typhoon below.

Typhoon paths

Typhoon paths can be roughly divided into three categories: ① Westward typhoon moves from the east of the Philippines to the west, passes through the South China Sea and finally lands on Hainan Island in China or northern Vietnam. ② Landing type: The typhoon moved to the northwest, crossed the Taiwan Province Strait, landed in the coastal areas of Guangdong, Fujian and Zhejiang in China, and gradually weakened into a low pressure. This kind of typhoon has the greatest impact on China. In recent years, the two typhoons "9115" and "9711" which have had the greatest impact on Jiangsu belong to this type. (3) Parabolic type: the typhoon first moves to the northwest, and when approaching the eastern coastal area of China, it turns to the northeast without landing, and turns to the vicinity of Japan, with a parabolic path. Typhoon disaster. Typhoon is a disastrous weather system with strong destructive power, but sometimes it can also play a beneficial role in eliminating drought. Its harmfulness mainly includes three aspects: ① strong wind. The maximum wind force near the typhoon center is generally above 8. ② Heavy rain. Typhoon is one of the strongest rainstorm weather systems. Generally, it can produce rainfall of 1.51 mm ~ l111mm in areas where typhoons pass, and a few typhoons can produce torrential rain of more than 1 111 mm.. In 1975, Typhoon No.3 produced a torrential rain in the upper reaches of Huaihe River, which created an extreme rainstorm in Chinese mainland and resulted in the "75.8" flood in Henan. ③ Storm surge. Generally, typhoons can increase the water in coastal waters, and the maximum increase in coastal waters in Jiangsu Province can reach 3m. "9618" and "9711" typhoons increased water, which made Jiangsu Province have a super-historical high tide along the Yangtze River.

after a typhoon is formed, it usually moves out of its source and undergoes the evolution process of development, weakening and extinction. A mature typhoon has a circular vortex radius of 5 OOKM ~ 1111 km and a height of 1.5 KM ~ 21 KM. The typhoon consists of three parts: the peripheral area, the maximum wind speed area and the typhoon eye. The wind speed in the peripheral area increases from the outside to the inside, with spiral cloud bands and precipitation; The strongest precipitation occurs in the maximum wind speed area, with an average width of 8 km ~ 19 km, and there is a circular cloud wall between it and the typhoon eye; The typhoon eye is located in the center of the typhoon. The most common typhoon eye is round or oval, with a diameter ranging from about 11 km to 71 km, with an average of about 45km. The weather in the typhoon eye is calm, partly cloudy and dry and warm.

Typhoon number

China numbers the tropical depression with magnitude 8 near the center, which is west of l51 degrees east longitude and north of l1 degrees north latitude, according to the order of occurrence every year. This is the "Typhoon X (tropical storm, strong tropical storm) this year" that we heard or saw on radio and television.

the number of typhoon is also the number of tropical cyclone. People want to number tropical cyclones, on the one hand, because a tropical cyclone often lasts for more than a week, and several tropical cyclones may appear in the ocean at the same time. With the serial number, there will be no confusion; On the other hand, the naming, definition, classification methods and determination of the center position of tropical cyclones are different in different countries and methods, even in the same country, they are not exactly the same among different meteorological stations, which often leads to various misunderstandings and confusion in use.

since 1959, China has started to number the tropical cyclones (tropical storms and above) that occur or enter the Pacific Ocean and South China Sea north of the equator and west of the 181-degree meridian every year, and the maximum wind force near the center is greater than or equal to 8, according to the order of their occurrence. Tropical cyclone offshore. When the cloud system structure and circulation are clear, as long as the report that the maximum average wind force near the center is 7 or above is obtained, it is also numbered. The serial number consists of four digits. The first two digits represent the year. The last two digits are the serial numbers of tropical cyclones above storm level in that year. For example, the No.13 typhoon "Du Fu" last year, with its serial number of O313．, represents the No.13 tropical cyclone above storm level that occurred in 2113. Tropical depression and tropical disturbance are not numbered.

typhoon naming

people named typhoons at the beginning of the 21th century. It is said that an Australian forecaster named tropical cyclones as political figures he didn't like in the early 21th century, so that meteorologists could openly call them. In the Pacific Northwest, the official naming of typhoon by people began in 1945. At first, only women's names were used. Later, it was said that due to the opposition of feminists, from 1979, a man's name and a woman's name were used alternately. Until October 25th, 1997 to February 1th, the 31th meeting of the Typhoon Committee of the World Meteorological Organization (WMO) held in Hong Kong decided that tropical cyclones in the northwest Pacific and the South China Sea should be named with Asian style, and decided to use a new naming method from October 1th, 2111. The new naming method is to make a naming table in advance, and then reuse it year after year in sequence. The naming table * * * has 141 names, which are provided by 14 member countries and regions in the Asia-Pacific region belonging to WMO, such as Cambodia, China, North Korea, Hong Kong, Japan, Laos, Macau, Malaysia, Micronesia, Philippines, South Korea, Thailand, the United States and Vietnam. Each country or region provides 11 names. These 141 names are divided into 1O groups, with 14 names in each group. They are arranged in alphabetical order according to the English names of each member country. They are recycled in order. At the same time, the original tropical cyclone numbers are kept.

Browse the typhoon naming table. People's names are rarely used. Most of them are names of animals, plants, food, etc. Some names are adjectives or beautiful legends, such as Yutu and Wukong. The name "Rhododendron" was provided by China, which is the familiar Rhododendron: "Korowang" which landed in China a while ago was provided by Cambodia, and it is the name of a tree: "Morak" was provided by Thailand, which means emerald; "Ibudu" is the name provided by the Philippines, which means a chimney or a water pipe that drains rainwater from the roof to a ditch.

Under normal circumstances, the pre-established naming list will be reused year after year in sequence. However, under special circumstances, some adjustments will be made to the naming list. For example, when a typhoon is notorious for causing particularly serious disasters or casualties and becomes a well-known typhoon, in order to prevent it from having the same name as other typhoons, the name will be deleted from the current naming list and replaced with a new name. The following is the typhoon nomenclature table that has been put into use since October 1, 2116:

Typhoon names (implemented since October 1, 2116)

Remarks in column 1, column 2, column 3, column 4 and column 5

English/ Chinese name source

Damrey David Kong-rey Connie Nakri nakri Krovanh Korowang Sarika Sally Ka Cambodia

Longwang Dragon King Yutu Jade Rabbit Fengshen fengshen Dujuan cuckoo Haima hippocampus China

Kirogi Hongyan Toraji Taozhi Kalmaegi Seagull Mujigae Rainbow Meari Mirei North Korea

Kai-tak Kai Tak Man-yi Wanyi Fung-wong Phoenix C. Hoi-wan Caiyun Ma-on Saddle China Hongkong

Tembin Libra Usagi Rabbit Kammuri North Crown Koppu Grand Jue Tokage tokage Japan

Bolaven Blavin Pabuk Pabuk Phanfone Bapeng Ketsana Kesana Nock-ten Lotan. Laos

Chanchu Pearl Wutip Butterfly Vongfong Wasp Parma Muifa Plum Blossom China Macau

Jelawat Jielahua Sepat Saint Parnuri Parrot Melor Jasmine Merbok Miaobai Malaysia

Ewiniar Ai Yunni F. Itow Fitted Sinlaku Senlake Nepartak Niebert Nanmadol Nanmadu Micronesia

Bilis Danas Danas Hagupit Hagupit Lupit Talas Taras Philippines

Kaemi Gemei Nari Lily Changmi Rose Mirinae Galaxy Noru Olu South Korea

Prapiroon prapiroon Wipha Weipa Mekkhala Mikla Nida Kulap Rose Thailand

Maria Francisco Van Gogh Higos Omais Omez Roke Locke United States

Saomai Sang Mei Lekima Liqima Bavi Bawei Conson Kang Sen Sonca Sangka Vietnam

Bopha Baoxia Krosa Rosa Maysak Meishak Chanthu Candu Nesat Nasha Cambodia

Wukong Wukong H. Aiyan Haiyan Haishen Poseidon Dianmu Dian Mu Haitang Haitang China

WSonamu Qingsong Podul Yangliu b Noul Hongxia Mindulle Dandelion Nalgae Nige North Korea

Shanshan Lingling Lingling Dolphin White Sea Dolphin Lionrock Lion Mountain Banyan Banyan Tree China Hongkong

Yagi Capricorn Kajiki Swordfish Kujira Whale Kompasu Compass Washi Tianying Japan

Xangsane Elephant God Faqian Chan-hom Chanhong Namthcun Nanchuan Mat Sa Mai Sha Laos

Bebinca Beibijia Peiah Pipa Linfa Lotus Malou Agate Sanvu Coral China Macau

Rumbia Wambia Tapah Taba Nangka Langka Meranti Moranti Mawar Mawa Malaysia

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