(1) laid an important foundation for the expansion of urban functions

At the beginning of Pudong's development and opening up, Shanghai's industrial structure was not reasonable, and the proportion of tertiary industry was low; The proportion of traditional industries in the secondary industry is large, and the trend of high processing degree and high technology is not obvious. Since 2119, Pudong's development and opening up has adhered to the optimization of industrial structure, actively promoted the expansion of functions and the transformation of development mode, and given priority to the development of modern service industries with finance as the core and high-tech industries with independent innovation as the core, which has played a leading role in the rationalization of the city's industrial structure and gradually formed a pattern in which modern service industries and advanced creative industries have promoted economic development. The proportion of tertiary industry in GDP increased from 21.1% in the initial stage of development to 52.3% in 2117. The highlights of the industry were mainly concentrated in financial services, exhibition tourism, modern logistics, real estate, high-tech and other industries. By the end of 2117, the total number of Chinese and foreign financial institutions had reached 493, the total import and export volume reached US$ 128.152 billion, and 1254 foreign-funded projects were newly approved, attracting contractual foreign investment of US$ 4.949 billion. The secondary industry continues to maintain a steady development trend. The entry of a large number of foreign capital and foreign technology has promoted the development of Shanghai's industrial structure in the direction of upgrading and intensification, and promoted the technical level of automobile, communication and fine chemical industries to enter the world's advanced ranks. High-tech industries such as electronic information, biomedicine, new materials, optical, mechanical and electrical integration have grown rapidly, and the innovative economy, including high-tech industries, software industries, information services, cultural and creative industries, has developed rapidly. In 2117, the total amount reached 211. In 2117, there were 96 regional headquarters of multinational corporations, accounting for more than half of the city's total. Development and opening up have provided new opportunities and development space for rural economic development in Pudong. The urban primary industry based on modern agriculture and facility agriculture has begun to take shape, and the adjustment of township industrial structure has achieved new results. The rural economic aggregate ranks among the best in suburban counties.

Since the development and opening up of Pudong, the construction of four national key residential areas has been continuously promoted, which has played a core role in the expansion of Shanghai's urban functions. Lujiazui Financial and Trade Zone, Zhangjiang Hi-tech Park, Jinqiao Export Processing Zone and Waigaoqiao Bonded Zone have become the representatives and symbols of Shanghai's advanced productive forces. Lujiazui is one of the regions with the densest financial institutions and the most complete financial factor market in China. The flow economy in the financial and trade zone covers 31 provinces, municipalities and autonomous regions, and the logistics network covers 165 countries and regions, with more than 11 national factor markets such as securities, futures, diamonds, property rights and oil, and modern finance with stocks, currencies, bonds, foreign exchange, commodity futures, financial futures, gold and property rights markets as its main contents. Zhangjiang Hi-Tech Park has several national bases, including Shanghai Biomedical Science and Technology Industrial Base, National Information Industrial Base, National Integrated Circuit Industrial Base, National Semiconductor Lighting Industrial Base, National 863 Information Security Achievement Industrialization (East) Base, National Software Industrial Base, National Software Export Base and National Cultural Industry Demonstration Base. It has multi-mode and multi-type incubators, including the National Torch Pioneer Park and the National Overseas Students Pioneer Park. Introduce a large number of domestic scientific research and education institutions to settle in, and support the Industry-University-Research Alliance, which is an enterprise, to implement major technical research projects. Zhangjiang is becoming a demonstration base for technological innovation; Incubation and transformation base of scientific and technological achievements; A gathering base for scientific and technological entrepreneurial talents, R&D institutions and scientific and technological enterprises; The experimental base of Industry-University-Research's integrated and comprehensive reform has attracted 15 research institutions and more than 71 innovative enterprises to settle down, becoming an important platform for Shanghai's technological innovation and development of independent intellectual property rights. The three functions of Waigaoqiao Free Trade Zone, including international trade, bonded warehousing and export processing, have been gradually expanded. More than 2,111 trading companies and logistics distribution centers of more than 61 world-renowned multinational companies have been introduced. The export of processing trade has grown rapidly, the logistics distribution function has been further enhanced, and the modern shipping and port economy have developed steadily. It has become the largest free trade zone and emerging port in China. Since 2118, the Waigaoqiao Free Trade Zone has approved a total of 9,951 projects from more than 1,111 countries and regions around the world, among which more than 131 of the world's top 511 enterprises have settled in the Free Trade Zone. Trade enterprises in the zone have achieved commodity sales of 483.8 billion yuan, accounting for 55% of the national bonded area, and become an important trade center in China, from which many import and export enterprises from the Yangtze River Delta and even all over the country have benefited. The functions of the bonded area, such as processing trade, storage and distribution, commodity display and transportation, have been brought into play. Jinqiao Export Processing Zone has become one of the important bases of Shanghai's export-oriented high-tech industries, attracting more than 341 Chinese and foreign-funded enterprises to settle down, and 151 modern manufacturing projects have been put into production one after another. Its high-tech and pillar industries play an important role in the city. Among them, the output value of high-tech products accounts for 71%. The leading effect of advanced manufacturing industry is obvious, and 51 of the world's top 511 enterprises have invested in 79 projects in Jinqiao.

Puxi takes Pudong as the "leader" to promote industrial adjustment and achieve the effect of mutual promotion and accelerated development. A number of old state-owned enterprises and collective enterprises invested in Pudong and grafted with foreign investment economy, which improved the industrial level and became an important force in the construction of a new industrial highland in Shanghai. A number of state-owned enterprises have improved their capital structure by raising development funds in the capital market and realized the transformation of property rights system; A group of state-owned enterprises have integrated in many aspects in the factor market, standardized the market advance and retreat behavior, and gradually strengthened the market mechanism of survival of the fittest; A group of state-owned enterprises began to adjust their strategies in industrial upgrading, and built production clusters of pillar industries. The spillover effect of technological progress among industries promoted the overall progress of the industry. At the same time, the rapid development of a large number of mixed economies and non-public economies has also provided good social conditions for the reform and adjustment of state-owned enterprises, including capital grafting, industrial restructuring, and labor employment. Through the radiation effect of Pudong, we have digested and absorbed international advanced technology, created domestic leading products, and promoted the upgrading of traditional industries. The industrial level of Shanghai, especially the scientific and technological content of industry, has been continuously improved. With the further strengthening of financial and insurance services, the process of financial informatization in Shanghai has been accelerated and financial business has been further expanded. The capital market continues to develop in constant standardization.

through the development and opening up of Pudong, the function and nature of Shanghai city have undergone tremendous and profound changes, from a relatively single industrial production base to an international multi-functional center. Shanghai's industrial structure, industrial layout and overall economic structure have been optimized, thus comprehensively improving the operational efficiency and economic benefits of the whole city of Shanghai. Practice has proved that Pudong's high starting point, high intensity, wide range and all-round opening have laid an important foundation for Shanghai to become an international economic, financial, trade and shipping center.

(II) Completely changed the layout of urban space

From the perspective of the spatial layout of traditional Shanghai industries, industrial enterprises are mainly scattered in urban areas, which is not conducive to the overall development of urban functions, nor to the matching and scale of industrial enterprises and products. Pudong's development and opening up has provided new space for development. Shanghai not only builds Pudong New Area into a modern new area with reasonable development layout structure, advanced comprehensive transportation network, complete municipal public facilities, convenient communication system and good ecological environment according to scientific planning, but also makes a new round of urban master plan for Shanghai's 6,311 square kilometers urban space according to the requirements of building an international metropolis, and determines the central business district of about 5 square kilometers as the core of the city, mainly developing high-level tertiary industries such as finance, trade, information and management. The second floor is the central business district of about 31 square kilometers, which has become the main business district gathering famous, special and excellent goods in the country; The third floor is about 111 square kilometers of the central city, which is dominated by the tertiary industry and residence, and some pollution-free urban industries are reserved; The auxiliary city with an area of about 1,111 square kilometers on the fourth floor focuses on developing high-tech industries with high added value, and has built nine municipal industrial zones and a number of large residential areas. On the fifth floor, a suburb of about 5,111 square kilometers mainly develops the primary industry and the secondary industry with manufacturing as the main industry, and forms a number of industrial parks and tourist resorts, initially forming an urban layout that supports multi-functional and high-end development.

Pudong's development and opening up has attracted a large amount of foreign investment with its relatively free investment environment, preferential investment policies and complete infrastructure, and has become an important link between the domestic market and the international market. The utilization of foreign capital has not only become the main lever for structural adjustment and industrial upgrading, but also an important force for urban construction and optimizing the layout of productive forces. According to statistics, 1/6 of Shanghai's urban construction funds in the 1991s came from foreign capital, with Pudong reaching more than 71%. The transformation of the old district of Shanghai will take about 111 years to complete according to the normal government funding in the past, and it will be basically completed in 2111 after land leasing and utilization of foreign capital. In accordance with the requirements of "extending the periphery, radiating Jiangsu and Zhejiang, and serving the whole country", Shanghai will step up the construction of airports, deep-water ports and information ports, speed up the construction of urban expressway network and rail transit network, further strengthen the ties between Pudong New Area and surrounding counties and the Yangtze River Delta, and further strengthen the status of Pudong's transportation information hub. Significant progress has been made in the construction of Shanghai International Shipping Center. The first and second phases of Yangshan Deepwater Port Area have been completed and put into operation, and the container throughput of Shanghai Port ranks third in the world. A number of important transportation facilities, such as expressway and Huangpu River crossing, have been built one after another. Modern traffic arteries such as expressway and light rail are connected with roads of different grades in densely populated new areas, forming a convenient and smooth network, and together with airports, seaports, railways, inland waterways and Huangpu River crossing projects (bridges, tunnels, subways, etc.), they form a three-dimensional comprehensive transportation system. Pudong and Puxi are connected by urban comprehensive transportation systems such as inner ring road, outer ring road, suburban trunk roads and east-west development axis, which has truly become the functional carrier of Shanghai's construction of "four centers".

(III) Improving the city's service function

After the development and opening up of Pudong, according to the requirements of building the "Yangtze River Delta and the economic belt along the Yangtze River with Shanghai as the leader", Shanghai has formulated a regional economic cooperation policy of "developing Pudong, serving the whole country, complementing each other's advantages, benefiting each other, developing in tandem, and prospering together", proposing that brother provinces and cities * * * can enjoy Pudong's development and opening up resources. At the same time, a series of policies have been formulated to encourage and attract enterprises from other provinces and cities to develop in Shanghai. All foreign-funded or foreign-funded enterprises settled in Shanghai are treated equally and given "national treatment", and various preferential policies are introduced in investment planning, import and export, finance and taxation, household registration, land use and financing. While opening wider to the outside world, actively open wider to the outside world, actively create a market environment of equal competition, and attract enterprises from central ministries and commissions and brother provinces and cities to participate in Pudong development. The vast majority of these projects have become "windows" for foreign contacts, "experimental fields" for reform and opening up, and grafting bases for mainland enterprises and foreign-funded enterprises, thus promoting and promoting the national reform and opening up and economic development. In order to give full play to the radiation role of Pudong and Shanghai in the national economy, Shanghai has continuously improved its infrastructure network focusing on "airport, deep-water port and information port" and actively expanded the hub port functions of Shanghai and Pudong in transportation, communication and information. Give full play to the role of Pudong's securities, finance, property rights trading and other factor markets, especially through the establishment of emerging factor markets such as diamond trading and gold trading, and form the service functions of Shanghai and Pudong in terms of funds, projects and factor allocation; Efforts should be made to improve Pudong's advantages in talent introduction, training and scientific and technological development, so as to make Pudong and Shanghai a national talent base and scientific and technological industrialization base facing the market economy. The implementation of these policies has not only promoted the revitalization of Shanghai, but also played a good role in radiating and promoting the economic development of the Yangtze River basin and the whole country, making Shanghai initially a distribution center and intersection hub for the national capital flow, commodity flow, technology flow, talent flow and information flow.

The development and opening up of Pudong has brought more development opportunities to the economic development of neighboring provinces and cities. A series of preferential policies granted to Pudong by the central authorities have attracted a large number of foreign businessmen to choose Pudong and its surrounding areas. While pursuing the strategy of focusing on attracting investment from internationally renowned multinational companies, Pudong has made some small and medium-sized capitals choose the investment direction to neighboring provinces and cities, thus accelerating the development of export-oriented economy in the Yangtze River Delta region, especially in southern Jiangsu. With the development and opening-up of Pudong as the leading factor, China has gradually formed a pattern of all-round opening-up along the coast, along the river, along the border, along the road and in the capital cities of the mainland. By the end of the last century, the Yangtze River Delta had emerged as a rapidly developing urban agglomeration, and Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Anhui, Jiangxi, Hunan, Hubei and other places in the Yangtze River valley had entered the ranks of rapid growth, which became an important support for China's economic development in the 1991s. As an important bearing area of Shanghai's "four centers" function, Pudong has played its due role in improving Shanghai's service function to the whole country.