During the flowering period between winter and spring, the flowers are as big as the palm of your hand, slightly fragrant, and the five petals are evenly arranged in turns, either red or pink, which is very beautiful. Bauhinia is evergreen and luxuriant all year round, which is quite resistant to smoke and dust, especially suitable for street trees; Bark contains tannin, which can be used as tanning material and dye; Roots, bark and flowers can also be used as medicine.
Bauhinia, purplish red, looks like a butterfly, with peculiar scenery, gorgeous and lovely. Before the leaves grow out, the flowers on the branches are in full bloom, so they are also called "eyes full of red".
Deciduous shrub or small tree with slightly rounded leaves and shiny surface. Bauhinia is the flower of Hong Kong Special Administrative Region. The large-scale sculpture "Forever Blooming Bauhinia" presented by the Central People's Government to the SAR Government is 6 meters high and weighs 70 tons. Bronze casting, elegant and generous, has profound implications. It is located at the seaside of the new wing of Hong Kong Convention and Exhibition Center and has become one of the symbols of Hong Kong.
name
Scientific name/Latin name: Cercis? China? Buni
English name: China? Bauhinia americana
Classification of families and genera:
Domain: Eukaryotic domain? Yucaya?
Realm: Plant Realm? Plantae？
Door: Angiosperm door? Mulan subclass?
Class: dicotyledonous plants? Magnolia?
Objective: Leguminosae? Fabales?
Group: Leguminosae Leguminosae?
Subfamily: Suminae? Suminae?
Genus: Bauhiniaceae
Subgenus: Cercis, Cercis subgenus
Distribution of origin? Bauhinia is distributed in Hong Kong, Guangdong and Guangxi. Common in South China and widely cultivated in tropical areas.
Bauhinia-the city flower of Hong Kong
1997 After its return to China, Bauhinia was selected as the regional emblem of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region. ? The regional emblem on the Hong Kong regional flag consists of five stars and bauhinia on the national flag of China. Each bauhinia has five purple petals that extend outward. ?
Hong Kong officially selected Bauhinia as the city flower on 1965. ? Bauhinia can represent Hong Kong because of its unique historical background. ?
Bauhinia is also the city flower of Zhanjiang City, Guangdong Province.
The origin of flowers
/kloc-At the beginning of the 0/9th century, the French missionary discovered the bauhinia tree for the first time while strolling along the seaside of Hong Kong Island's Gangxian Bay. The priest moved the branches of Bauhinia to a temple near Pokfulam Road.
Flower naming
Bauhinia? Blakeana (Bauhinia)? This is the first recorded plant in Hong Kong. Since the same species as Bauhinia has not been found in other parts of the world, 1908, botanists decided that this plant found only in Hong Kong is a new species of Bauhinia, which is an evergreen tree, and was praised by Sir Bligh, a former governor who strongly supported plant research. Henry. Blake. 1898- 1903) named bauhinia? Blakeana (bauhinia)
morphological character
Deciduous trees or shrubs of Bauhinia in Leguminosae.
Simple leaves alternate, entire, palmately veined, petiolate, stipules, caducous. Flowers cluster on old stems or form racemes, which bloom before or at the same time as leaves; Calyx broadly campanulate; ? 5. The teeth are cracked, and the top of the curved teeth is blunt or round; The two sides of the flower are symmetrical, and the upper three petals are smaller; Stamens 10, separated; The ovary has a stalk. The pods are flat, long and narrow, and the wings are narrow along the abdomen; Seeds flat, several. Bauhinia is a deciduous tree, which is often shrubby after cultivation. Leaves alternate, nearly round, sharp at the top, heart-shaped at the base, 6-14cm long and 5-14cm wide, with no hair on both sides. Flowers first, then leaves, 4- 10 flowers clustered on the old branches; Bracteoles 2, broadly ovate; Rose-red flowers, length 1.5- 1.3 cm, soft pedicels, length 0.6- 1.5 cm. The pod is narrowly lanceolate, flat, 5-14cm long and1.3-1.5cm wide, and the wing is narrow along the abdominal seam and does not crack. Seeds 2-8, oblate, nearly black. The flowering period is April-May.
Small evergreen trees, up to 10 m. Simple leaves alternate, leathery, broadly heart-shaped, 9 ~13cm long and 9 ~14cm wide. The top 2-split depth is about 1/3 of the whole leaf, like sheep's hoof. Flowers are racemes with large volume, and the diameter of blooming flowers is almost the same as that of leaves. The five petals are bright purple, with white veins in the middle and larger petals in the middle. The other four petals are arranged in pairs on both sides, and the flowers are very fragrant.
It seems that orchids are beautiful and easy to cultivate. This kind of westerners originally called bauhinia "the orchid of the poor". Bauhinia trees are generally about seven meters high and can grow for forty years. This kind of plant is easy to take root and grow without special environment. As long as the surrounding space is vast, the sun is abundant, and there is often a breeze, it can thrive. ?
Bauhinia has a unique heart-shaped double leaf. The leaves and flowers are very similar to Bauhinia. The leaves are divided into two parts, and the veins are born at the bottom of the leaves, but they are easy to identify when they bloom. ?
Bauhinia and Bauhinia belong to the genus hematoxylin. Purple bauhinia blooms from 1 1 month to March every year, and pink, white or yellow bauhinia blooms from February to May. There are many varieties of bauhinia, including hundreds of trees, shrubs and climbers. The tip of all varieties is divided into two, and the veins are born at the bottom of the leaves.
Growth habit
Like light, like warm and humid climate, not cold-resistant. I like acidic and fertile soil. Easy to survive, faster to grow.
The flowers are purplish red, and 4- 10 flowers are clustered on the old branches. The pod is 5- 14 cm long and has narrow wings sewn along the abdomen. Flowers bloom in April, but the leaves have not yet opened; The fruit ripens in 10 month.
distribution range
Western Hubei, southern Liaoning, Hebei, Shaanxi, Henan, Gansu, Guangdong, Yunnan, Sichuan and other provinces.
Hong Kong Bauhinia is different from other parts of the mainland, it can only grow in the tropics and subtropics. At present, it only grows in Guangdong, Fujian, Taiwan Province, Guangxi, Hainan and Yunnan. ?
As for Bauhinia, which is widely distributed in Central China, North China, East China and Southwest China? Chinese shrubs are deciduous shrubs, which usually bloom in late spring and early summer. After flowering, the leaves spread out, and the pods were slightly rounded and less than 10 cm long. Because it can't withstand high temperature and humid climate, it can grow in Guangdong and Hong Kong, but the situation is not good.
Legend of flowers
There is also a beautiful legend about Bauhinia: In the Han Dynasty, a brother named Tian Zhen broke up. After the property is divided equally, there is a bauhinia tree in front of the house. The three brothers agreed to divide the bauhinia tree into three parts the next day, and everyone got one. Who knows the next morning, bauhinia has withered and died. The three brothers were very moved to see this situation: a tree heard that it would be divided into three parts, but it still languished and died. Are we three brothers inferior to trees? So the three brothers stopped talking about separation. Before long, the same bauhinia tree in front of the house flourished again and became more vibrant. Since then, Bauhinia has become a symbol of unity, harmony and inseparable flesh and blood.
accretion of culture
1965, bauhinia, which is deeply loved by Hong Kong people, was selected as the city flower of Hong Kong. ?
Bauhinia, also known as red-banded branches, is called "red camel hoof tree" abroad and belongs to deciduous shrubs or small trees of Bauhinia in Leguminosae. The height of the tree can reach15m, and the branches are drooping. The flowers are large, reaching 10 ~ 12cm, and the petals are obovate and oblong. Each flower has five petals, four of which are on both sides, and the other petals 1 hold their heads high. The flower shape is somewhat like an orchid, and it has a fragrance similar to an orchid, so it is also called "Hong Kong Orchid Tree". Bauhinia is warm and easy to reproduce. Many Hong Kong people regard it as a symbol of "prosperity, magnificence and forge ahead", so it is widely planted by Hong Kong compatriots. In the warm spring season in bloom, the trees are full of colorful flowers.
Due to the enthusiasm of Hong Kong compatriots for bauhinia, the Hong Kong SAR regional flag chose the Bauhinia red flag with five-star stamens in the middle. The red flag represents the motherland and the white bauhinia represents Hong Kong. The red flag of Bauhinia symbolizes that Hong Kong is an inseparable part of the motherland and will flourish in the embrace of the motherland. The five stars on the stamens symbolize the love of Hong Kong compatriots for the motherland. The national flag and flowers are of different colors, symbolizing "one country, two systems".
[Edit this paragraph] Huayu
Brothers live in harmony. ? In ancient China, bauhinia was often used as a metaphor for family ties, symbolizing the harmony between brothers and the prosperity of family business. It comes from an allusion that Jingtian was separated from his brothers Ching Tien and Tian Guang during the Southern Dynasties. When all the other properties were properly distributed, I finally found a bauhinia tree in the yard, which was leafy and difficult to deal with. That night, the three brothers discussed cutting the bauhinia tree into three pieces, one for each piece. The next morning, when the three brothers went to cut down the tree, they found that all the branches and leaves of this bauhinia had withered and all the flowers had fallen. Tian Zhen couldn't help sighing to the two brothers when he saw this: "Man is not as good as wood"? . Later, the three brothers got together again and lived in harmony. The bauhinia tree seems to be quite human, but it has come back to life and is full of flowers.
Change situation
Bauhinia?
Scientific name: bauhinia? Braknana
English name: Hong? Kong? Orchids? Trees?
Alias: Red Bauhinia, Red Bauhinia, Bright Bauhinia?
Classification: Hibiscus (Leguminosae).
Morphological characteristics: small evergreen tree, 3-4 meters high, with alternate leaves, kidney-shaped and broad leaves. The flowering period is winter solstice and spring, with racemes and five petals. Flowers are colorful, magnificent and long-lasting, so they are widely loved. They are suitable for landscaping, shaded flower viewing trees and street trees.
Origin: China, Yunnan, Guangxi, Guangdong, Fujian, Hainan and other provinces. Cultivated in Taiwan Province Province. India and Vietnam are also distributed. ?
Habit: like light. I like warm, moist and acidic soil.
Breeding mode: Bauhinia is not easy to bear seeds, so it should be propagated asexually. The rapid propagation of hard branches of Bauhinia is briefly introduced as follows:
From spring to summer, the branches of Bauhinia have strong germination ability after defoliation and before germination, and the annual fully mature and robust branches are collected for rapid propagation. Rapid propagation of hard branches was adopted. Generally, branches with the length of 10- 15 cm are taken, and the upper end is cut into a plane, and the incision should be above the bud eye 1cm, and the lower end is cut into an inclined plane near the stem node. This is conducive to rooting, without polarity inversion, and it is easy to identify the upper and lower ends. Using rooting powder solution with the concentration of 300-500 ppm, adding soil, uniformly mixing and stirring into paste, soaking the cut branches 1/2 in the paste mud, and then rapidly propagating in the intelligent seedbed after soaking in the paste mud. 1 month later, there are white spots on the incision under the bauhinia partition, which is the root tip, and it will grow quickly in about half a month. The average survival rate is above 70%. ?
History:
Bauhinia was first discovered by a French foreign missionary around 1880 in Gangxian Bay, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Island, and was transplanted to Bethany Monastery on Pokfulam Road. In 1908, Dunn (S.T.? Dune) identified Bauhinia as a new species, published in Journal of Botany (Britain and Foreign Countries), Vol.46, pp.324-326 (Journal? Yes? Botany) release relevant information. The Latin name of Bauhinia is Blakeana to commemorate 12 as the Governor of Hong Kong. Henry. Arthur. A couple. Existing in the herbarium of the Agriculture, Fisheries and Conservation Department of Hong Kong (No.Hong? Kong? Herb. ? The type specimen with the number 1722 is considered to be the original tree specimen discovered for the first time.
1965, bauhinia was officially designated as the city flower of Hong Kong. This endemic species was introduced to Taiwan Province Province on 1967 and became the flower market tree in Chiayi City on 1984.
In 2004, Carol of the University of Hong Kong? p？ y？ Liu? Lawrence? Ramsden? And then what? Richard. m？ k？ Saunders Journal of Botany, American Botanical Society? Diary? Yes? The research article published in Botany [2] confirmed that Bauhinia is not an independent variety, but only a hybrid of the above two varieties by comparing with Bauhinia and Bauhinia powder in appearance, flower and seed morphology, reproductive ability and gene sequence. The scientific name for correcting bauhinia is "Bauhinia? Purple flower? x？ variegata？ Breckner Resume. ? November. ? (cultivarietas)？ Refers to planting varieties? November? (nova) means this is a new name).
Since hybrid plants can't reproduce themselves, it means that all the bauhinia in Hong Kong are replicas of the bauhinia tree first discovered in the wild (and the only one found in the wild) in 1880. Therefore, the gene pool of Bauhinia is limited, which also explains the weak resistance of Bauhinia to pathogens.
Symbol mode:
As early as 1965, bauhinia was adopted as the city flower in Hong Kong. At that time, the newly established Municipal Council also took bauhinia as a symbol. After 1997, the people of China and the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China continued to use the elements of bauhinia as the design patterns of regional emblems, regional flags and coins. The bauhinia pattern of the regional flag is represented by five stars, which corresponds to the five stars on the national flag of China, implying the close relationship between China and Hongkong. Although bauhinia was originally purplish red, the regional flag was only red and white, symbolizing the implementation of one country, two systems in Hong Kong, so the bauhinia pattern was changed to white.
The second phase of Hong Kong Convention and Exhibition Center opened to Victoria Harbour as Golden Bauhinia Square, and the Golden Bauhinia Statue symbolizes the handover of Hong Kong's sovereignty.
Decorative features
In early spring, the leaves are open and the branches are covered with purple flowers, which are gorgeous and lovely. The leaves are heart-shaped, round and shiny, and the light and shadow cover each other, which is quite touching. It should be planted in the courtyard, in front of the building and on the edge of the lawn. Because the leaves have not yet come out when they bloom, it is appropriate to plant them in front of evergreen pine and cypress or light-colored objects in the foreground, such as white walls or beside rocks.
Garden use
Bauhinia corolla is elegant, the flowers are large and gorgeous, and the leaves are shaped like nails of cattle and sheep's hooves, which is very strange. It is a good ornamental tree species in tropical and subtropical regions. Suitable for street trees and garden shade landscape trees. The single flowering period of this flower is 4-5 days, and the whole plant lasts for nearly half a year. Bauhinia is widely planted as a street tree in Hong Kong. This flower has five characteristics: long flowering period, large flower size, beautiful flower shape and fragrance. Now bauhinia has become the city flower of Hong Kong? .
Edible efficacy
Bauhinia belongs to Leguminosae, which is one of the main ornamental flowers in spring. Suitable for planting in courtyards, parks, lawns and hillsides, with strong adaptability and sun and heat resistance. ? Bauhinia, bark and fruit can all be used as medicine. ? It has the effects of clearing away heat and cooling blood, expelling wind and toxic materials, promoting blood circulation and dredging menstruation, and relieving swelling and pain. Can be used for treating rheumatic bone pain, traumatic injury, arthralgia due to wind-cold-dampness, amenorrhea, snake bite, blood gas disorder, rabies and other diseases.
Bauhinia flowers first and then leaves, with bright and lovely colors, are often planted in courtyards, buildings and lawns for ornamental purposes. Its bark stalk can also be used as medicine, which has the effect of detoxification and swelling reduction; Seeds can be used as pesticides to kill pests. It has the effects of clearing away heat and cooling blood, expelling wind and toxic materials, promoting blood circulation and dredging menstruation, and relieving swelling and pain. Can be used for treating rheumatic bone pain, traumatic injury, arthralgia due to wind-cold-dampness, amenorrhea, snake bite, blood gas disorder, rabies and other diseases. The wood grain is straight and thin, which can be used for furniture and architecture.
breeding method
Also known as bauhinia, its petals are five to seven centimeters long, and it blooms in all seasons, with a long flowering period and gorgeous flowers. It is impossible to bear fruit after flowering. Therefore, it is necessary to select closely related varieties to breed first, sow and raise seedlings after obtaining seeds, and sprout at a high position.
Bauhinia is easy to survive by sowing, cutting, dividing plants and layering. ?
Cutting adopts biennial robust branches, the length is about 10 cm, and the lower mouth should be cut obliquely and the upper mouth should be cut flat. If the rooting effect is better after soaking with rooting agent, it should be carried out at the turn of spring and summer. Pick the small flowers from the branches and insert them into river sand or vermiculite to take root quickly. Pay attention to heat preservation and moisture retention, preferably cover with plastic film, keep the temperature at 20-25℃, and water for the first time. When the temperature is high, it should be ventilated and cooled, and when the humidity is low, it should be sprayed with water. Of course, the cutting environment should be semi-cloudy, not all-yang or all-yin, otherwise it is not conducive to rooting.
Related poems
In early spring, bauhinia blooms in the breath of spring, and gorgeous flowers cover every branch of the whole tree; This kind of flower is the color of rose, shaped like a flock of flying butterflies, dense and full of purple. Because of its beauty, people invite it into the courtyard to become a traditional garden tree, and its closeness to people makes it a representative plant of hometown affection. Bauhinia, rooted in distant homeland, touches the poet's heart;
Miscellaneous English has accumulated over time, including Fang Duchun;
Still like a tree in my hometown, I suddenly think of my hometown people.
-Wei, "Looking at Bauhinia"
The colorful autumn in England and the purple petals in that place make the wanderer homesick and miss his hometown again. There is not much pen and ink, but the perspective is affectionate and touching. The bauhinia in that hometown should be in this state at this time. How are long-lost old friends in their hometown? Bauhinia is so sad in spring that it is filled with emotion.
It needs to be added here that the Bauhinia seen by the poet is not the same as the well-known Bauhinia in Hong Kong. Wei is human, but Ann has no bauhinia. Therefore, from the deep homesickness in Wei's works, it can be concluded that the bauhinia he wrote should be a leguminous shrub (or small tree), and its common name is full of spring red. Bauhinia is a sappan plant, commonly known as bauhinia. Flowers are as big as the palm of your hand and have a long flowering period. Bauhinia differs from Hong Kong Bauhinia in that it blooms on old branches. Bauhinia written in Tang poetry are all traditional northern bauhinia. Is to turn the whole flower branch into a rose flower, full of red fragrant flowers.
In ancient China, bauhinia was often used as a metaphor for family ties, symbolizing the harmony between brothers and the prosperity of family business. Therefore, in the poetry about brotherhood, it has become a bosom friend who misses his loved ones.
Every time I am ordered to leave my hometown, I feel homesick. Yoshioka stayed, Amethyst and Wu Qin.
When my brother is around, he will be honored by the lotus. Poems spread to Xiaoya, courtesy covers Changyang.
Three thousand Li, a million lines. The bauhinia tree in front of the court is fragrant again.
-Dou Meng's Story Behind the Book.
Reading my brother's words brings back many old memories. The poet's homesickness cannot be calm. I really want to ask the Bauhinia in front of the court which day can decorate my heartbroken mood with beautiful fragrance.
Du Fu's songs have the same effect:
The wind blows the bauhinia tree, the color and the spring dusk. Flowers fall and leave, and the wind goes nowhere.
The kindness of the same flesh and blood is heavy, and it is difficult to meet each other when wandering. There are tears in the river.
——? Du Fu's Sister's News
In the drift from place to place, the wandering heart has many concerns. The wind blows bauhinia, and countless flowers fall. Let the melancholy poet see things and miss his relatives. The brotherhood that accompanied me day and night in the past is like a fallen flower with no place to return, and it will never return. Now that the flesh and blood are separated, it is difficult to enjoy family happiness. I received a little news from my relatives and shed tears.
Bauhinia, with a bent branch, is picturesque. Look at the clusters of flowers hugging each other tightly, burning with passion in spring. In the shadow of flowers, do you feel the distant eyes looking forward to the return of the wanderer and the faint warmth of your hometown?
Bauhinia is deeply rooted in the courtyard of ordinary people's homes and has always been a symbol of affection, beauty and affection. Lu Ji, a scholar in the Jin Dynasty, wrote a poem: "Three scenes are happy in the same plant, and four birds are sad in different forests." Later, it gradually evolved into a story of brothers breaking up and getting back together.
There is such an allusion in Wu Jun's On the Continuation of Qi and Harmony in the Southern Dynasties: According to legend, in the Southern Dynasties, Jing Zhaoyin and Tian Zhen separated from their brothers Ching Tien and Tian Guang. When all the other properties were divided, I finally found that there was still a bauhinia tree in the yard that was difficult to handle. That night, the three brothers discussed cutting the bauhinia tree into three pieces, one for each piece. The next morning, when the three brothers went to cut down the tree, they found that all the branches and leaves of this bauhinia had withered and all the flowers had fallen. Tian Zhen couldn't help sighing to the two brothers when he saw this: "People are not as good as wood." Later, the three brothers got together again and lived in harmony. The bauhinia tree seems to be quite human, but it has come back to life and is full of flowers.
The heart-shaped green leaves swaying in the wind are its beating heart. There is green blood in it. The flowers embraced tightly and were full of affection. In addition, the bark and pedicel of bauhinia have medicinal value. According to Compendium of Materia Medica, it has the effects of detoxification, detumescence and blood stasis, and can be used as a surgical sore medicine. Bauhinia has a strong affinity, just like one of our brothers and sisters. Beauty warms our hearts. Heart to heart with human beings, brotherhood.