The biggest difference between the national standard of Land Use Status Classification and the original ministerial standard of Land Classification (for Trial Implementation) is that the national standard adopts two levels, one of which is equivalent to land classification (for Trial Implementation).
The second level of the standard is equivalent to the third level of the Land Classification Standard (Trial), that is, the three first-level classifications (agricultural land, construction land and unused land) in the Land Classification Standard (Trial) are cancelled, so that the first-level classification of 12 is independent of the three major land types.
1. 1 agricultural land
The national standard "Classification of Land Use Status" further summarizes the types of agricultural land, but compared with "Land Classification (Trial)", the current land classification still has some shortcomings.
(1) In the part of "cultivated land", the original "irrigated paddy field" and "Wang Tiantian" were first merged into "paddy field". In the sense of paddy field, this actually cancels the classification of "Wang Tiantian". In fact, although the area of Wang Tiantian has decreased with the implementation of the measures of returning farmland to forests and grasslands in various places, the area of Wang Tiantian in China is still relatively large, reaching more than 30 million hectares in 2007. In other words, Wang Tiantian still occupies an important position in China's strategic goal of sticking to the red line of 65.438+0.2 billion hectares of cultivated land and should not be banned. Secondly, the vegetable field was cancelled, that is, the vegetable field was merged under the irrigated land. From Du Neng's agricultural location theory in The Isolated Country, we can know that vegetables, horticultural crops and other crops are planted in the areas closest to cities and markets, while irrigated land is mainly distributed in the outer rural areas. Obviously, the distribution of the two is obviously different, especially around the city. Confusing vegetable fields and irrigated fields in general will confuse the intensive management degree of different lands, which is not conducive to urban planning and "vegetable basket"
(2) In the Garden, Mulberry Garden and Rubber Garden were merged into Other Gardens. In some southern provinces of China, there are large areas of mulberry orchards and rubber orchards, and some of them are pillar industries, such as Hainan and Xishuangbanna, Yunnan.
Rubber industry. Therefore, this combination and classification is not conducive to the research, planning and management of all kinds of gardens, nor to the classification and guidance of all kinds of garden production.
(3) "Woodland" is divided into three types: woodland, shrub land, sparse woodland, uncultivated afforestation land, trail land and nursery land, that is, sparse woodland, uncultivated afforestation land, trail land and nursery land are merged into "other woodland". However, the management methods of the above four types of forest land are completely different. As far as plots and nurseries are concerned, plots refer to land that has not been updated within 5 years after forest harvesting and fire. Nursery refers to a fixed tree nursery, which is different not only in concept but also in management measures. Once the same land type symbol is used on the survey map of land use status, it is impossible to distinguish which point is a tree-lined nursery and which point is a "barren" plot.
In order to restore forest vegetation, some provinces have also specially launched the "Year of Land Renewal", clearly stating that land renewal is an important part of forest management according to law, an urgent need to cultivate forest resources and an inevitable requirement to promote the construction of an ecological province. The cancellation of these forest land types is not only unfavorable to the management of forestry departments, but also unfavorable to obtaining reliable scientific data.
(4) The adjustment of "grassland" is relatively large. In the new land classification, the original "grassland" has become the current "grassland", artificial grassland and improved grassland have been merged into "artificial grassland", and a new land category "other" has been added.
Grassland "-refers to the canopy density of trees.
The red line strategy poses a serious threat and challenge.
1.2 construction land
The national standard of Classification of Land Use Status further subdivides the part of "construction land": the part of commercial service land is adjusted from the original "commercial land, financial insurance land, catering hotel land and other commercial service land" to "wholesale and retail"
Land, residential and catering land, commercial and financial land and other commercial service land ",the name expression is more accurate and practical; The industrial, mining and storage land has not changed; Residential land is divided into urban residential land and rural homestead from the original four categories. This adjustment obviously avoids the problems that the single residence and mixed residence are not suitable for operation and whether they are idle in the actual investigation. Part of the land for public management and public service is adjusted to 8 categories; In the part of special land use, it is more accurate to change the name of "burial place" to "burial place"; In the traffic land, the "country road" originally belonging to "other agricultural land" has been added, which embodies the principle of urban-rural integration and realizes the "full coverage" of land classification; The water area and land use of water conservancy facilities are partially adjusted into nine secondary types, such as river water surface, lake water surface, reservoir water surface, pit water surface, coastal beach, inland beach, ditch, water conservancy construction land, glacier and permanent snow. The "tidal flat" is subdivided into "coastal tidal flat and inland tidal flat", and the original "farmland water conservancy land" is changed to "ditch"; Cancel the "reed land" [3]. In this classification, there are still some problems in some land types, mainly as follows.
(1) In the original classification system, "landscape leisure land" includes scenic spots, revolutionary sites, scenic spots, parks, squares and public green spaces. In the new classification system, it is renamed as "land for scenic spots and facilities", especially the construction land of scenic spots (including scenic spots, tourist attractions, revolutionary sites, etc.). ) and management agencies. Other land in the scenic area is divided into corresponding land types according to the present situation. This rule is too general, so should other scenic spots.
Make specific provisions on land use to avoid the situation that ponds, lakes and other water surfaces in the scenic area are classified as "pit pond water surfaces".
(2) In the new land classification, a brand-new land type-Xueyuan is put forward. Kugaji's suggestion is a bright spot, which reflects the government's determination to make greater efforts to save and rationally use every inch of land. But from "free"
The meaning of "land" is not difficult to find. Kuqa refers to the unused land in towns, villages and industrial and mining areas. Therefore, the division of "academic school" is too general. We think that we should further subdivide the "academy" and list three types (town academy, village academy and industrial and mining neichi village) one by one, so as to better predict the utilization potential of all kinds of construction land, better plan, develop and utilize it, and not grant the homestead to industrial and mining neichi village.
Strange situation in the world.
(3) From the concept of bare land, we can see that the newly classified "bare land" is actually a combination of bare land and bare rock gravel land under the second category of "unused land" in the original classification. Bare land refers to the land with soil on the surface and basically no vegetation cover, which is profitable.
Use of land; Bare rock gravel land refers to the land whose surface layer is rock or gravel, covering an area of ≥70%, which is difficult to use. It is easy to see their differences from their definitions, which also determines their different development and utilization directions, but they are confused here, which is not conducive to analyzing the scope, scale and structure of available land and difficult-to-use land. Therefore, it is suggested that the two should be investigated separately in order to formulate the corresponding development and utilization direction and measures and make full and reasonable use of them.
2 discussion and suggestions
The introduction of the national standard "Classification of Land Use Status" means that the classification standard of land use status has risen from the past industry standard to the national standard, which provides a reliable method to solve the problems of repeated land survey statistics, multiple counts and different calibers, and is of great significance to the scientific management of land resources and even the macro-management decision of the national economy [4]. It marks the deepening of land use research and the improvement of land management level in China, and it is also the concrete embodiment of implementing the strictest land management system in China. However, this kind of land use classification is inevitably insufficient, which needs to be improved and perfected in the future land resources investigation practice and land use research, so as to better serve the development, utilization and management of land resources in China. The above comparative analysis shows that there are the following types of land that need to be improved in the national standard of land use classification.
(1) In "cultivated land", it is not appropriate to cancel the two secondary categories of "Wang Tiantian" and "vegetable field".
(2) "Mulberry Garden" and "Rubber Garden" should not be merged into "other gardens", but should still be regarded as two secondary categories under "Garden".
(3) Within the "other forest land", it is better to further divide it into four secondary categories, namely, sparse forest land, young forest land, garden land and nursery, so as to manage and protect all kinds of forest land in different categories.
(4) Dividing the original "unused land" into the current "grassland" is not conducive to the implementation of land development and consolidation projects and the implementation of the policy of "occupation and compensation" of cultivated land, so "grassland" is still reserved as a reserve land resource.
The type is suitable.
(5) The new classification system cancels "other agricultural land". Although it has its positive side, it is obviously inappropriate to combine natural waters with artificially constructed land for water conservancy facilities, which needs further discussion and research.
(6) In the new classification system of "land for scenic spots and facilities", specific provisions should be made for other land in scenic spots to avoid the confusion of land classification caused by this general classification.
(7) The "Xueyuanji" in the new land classification fails to list the towns, villages and industrial and mining areas of the Xueyuanji one by one, and it is impossible to accurately analyze the utilization potential of all kinds of construction land, and the application value of the survey results has dropped sharply. It is suggested that the investigation be further divided into three tertiary land types: Xueyuan Temple, Xueyuan Temple and Neichi Village.