"White pollution" refers to a large number of plastic films, plastic bags, disposable plastic tableware (collectively referred to as plastic packaging) and waste plastic films collectively referred to as "white pollution".
"White pollution" will cause two kinds of harm to the environment, namely "visual pollution" and "potential harm".
Visual hazard refers to the damage of waste plastic products scattered in the environment to the city appearance and landscape Waste plastics scattered in big cities, tourist areas, water bodies and railways bring bad stimulation to people's vision and affect the overall aesthetic feeling of cities and scenic spots.
Potential harm refers to the long-term deep-seated environmental problems caused by the difficulty of degradation of waste plastic products after they enter the natural environment.
First of all, the waste plastic products in the soil affect the absorption of nutrients and water by crops, leading to crop yield reduction.
Second, waste plastic products abandoned on land or in water are passively swallowed as food, leading to animal death.
Third, it is difficult to treat the waste plastic products that enter the domestic garbage.
If it is buried, it will occupy the land and will not degrade for a long time. Domestic garbage mixed with plastics is also not suitable for composting. Waste plastics separated from garbage have low utilization value because they cannot guarantee quality.
Controlling "white pollution" is a social systematic project, and active countermeasures should be taken to comprehensively control it by administrative, scientific and economic means. At present, under the premise of strengthening management, formulating relevant policies and regulations, cultivating the development of enterprises and institutions conducive to environmental protection, raising people's awareness of environmental protection, and grasping the correct direction of public opinion, we should learn from foreign management countermeasures of reduction, recycling, recycling and degradation, and implement countermeasures of resource conservation (volume reduction), recycling (recycling), harmlessness (degradation) and combination of prevention and control.
1. Saving resources (capacity reduction and reduction) is a good way to nip in the bud and start from the source.
Resource saving (capacity reduction and reduction) means reducing or inhibiting the production of plastic waste, including using less, that is, using as little as possible or using less; Or by filling natural organic materials or inorganic materials, the consumption of plastic packaging can be reduced, or by improving product quality, increasing functions and prolonging service life, one thing can be used for multiple purposes. Thinning, that is, on the premise of ensuring the application performance, by changing the formula of raw materials and the design of product structure, the product is lightweight and thin-walled. Volume reduction refers to reducing the volume of plastic waste by compaction, dissolution and defoaming, and developing suitable packaging to inhibit over-packaging.
2. Recovery (recycling) is an important measure of environmental protection.
Recycling is not only a technical problem, but also a set of systematic engineering problems including legislation, recycling, production, inspection and sales. It is an effective way for countries to actively develop, ensure the sustainable development of national economy and coordinate economy, resources and environment. Generally speaking, a considerable part of plastic waste is easy to recycle. However, for disposable plastic waste, it must be recycled as much as possible according to the types, quality, quantity, flow direction and treatment methods of garbage in various places. It is easy to recycle, has recycling value and is economical, including materials, heat energy, fuel oil and chemicals. This is not only conducive to environmental protection, but also of great significance from the perspective of saving the limited resources of the earth and effectively utilizing renewable resources. However, at present, recycling will face many technical and economic problems in garbage classification, collection, establishment of recycling system, research and development of efficient recycling technology and equipment, and product direction of recycled materials. This requires the government and people to increase investment in science and technology and make every effort to study and solve it.
3. Harmless (degradable)
In real life, there are many disposable plastic wastes that are difficult to collect, such as compost bags, garbage bags, supermarkets, light plastic packaging bags used in the morning market, etc. Even those with poor or no economic benefits, such as tableware and plastic film in China. , suitable for these fields. After ten years of follow-up application practice, it is proved that the degradable plastics developed in China have the following characteristics: ① practicability: its application performance and sanitary performance are similar or equivalent to those of ordinary plastics; (2) Degradability: after the use function is completed, it can be rapidly degraded under natural environmental conditions and become harmless fragments or fragments easily absorbed by the environment; ③ Safety: the substances generated in the process of degradation and remaining after degradation are harmless to the environment or have no potential harm; ④ Economy: The price is equal to or slightly higher than that of similar ordinary plastic products. Therefore, for those disposable plastic products that are large, scattered, chaotic, difficult to collect or even economically unreasonable, it is suggested to use degradable plastics, which can be degraded and broken into harmless fragments in a short time, so as to achieve the purpose of reducing the volume and quantity of plastic waste and reducing or inhibiting environmental pollution. And with the passage of time, it can be completely degraded and return to nature.
The state has issued Decree No.6, demanding that the production of polystyrene tableware be banned before the end of 2000. Therefore, many provinces, cities and departments are stepping up research and development of various substitute products, such as cardboard tableware, pulp molded tableware, plant fiber molded tableware, corn flour molded tableware, starch puffed tableware, lightweight/biodegradable polypropylene tableware, polypropylene foamed tableware, lightweight/biodegradable polypropylene foamed tableware, starch filled polystyrene foamed tableware and so on. Progress has been made in different degrees, but there are still some problems that need further improvement and perfection, which are in line with the development law of new products. However, in any case, we should proceed from reality, make a comprehensive evaluation, focus on factors such as technology, performance, market, price and environmental protection, and combine with the guidance of macro policies to be tested and identified by the market.
As high-tech products and environmental protection products, degradable plastics have become the focus of research and development in the world today. Its development not only expands the function of plastics, but also alleviates the contradiction of environment to a certain extent, which is a supplement to the increasingly exhausted oil resources. Moreover, it shows the strength and prospect of bioengineering and alloy technology in the field of plastic materials from the perspective of synthetic technology. Therefore, the research, development and popularization of degradable plastics are from the practical point of view of global environmental protection, inexhaustible renewable resources and synthetic functionality. The research and development of degradable plastics is in the ascendant and has a long way to go.