Principle of "Dominance and Subjectivity" in "Efficient Classroom" of Ideological and Political Course

In the current scientific and technological society, under the background of curriculum reform, our educational ideas and learning methods have undergone tremendous changes.

abstract? Efficient classroom? Its essence lies in the organic unity of teachers' leading role and students' subjectivity. Teachers implement it in teaching design, cooperation, interaction and summary? Dominance and subjectivity? Principles, in order to change students' learning style, stimulate students' learning enthusiasm, and truly realize efficient classroom.

Keywords efficient classroom; Dominant; Subjectivity; Principle

the principle of the teachers? dominance and students? subjectivity in political efficient classroom

abstract the nature of the efficient classroom exists in the unity of the teachers? dominance and the students? subjectivity . only the teachers can carry out the principle of the teachers? dominance and students? subjectivity during their teaching in classroom such as the teaching design/cooperation/interaction and summary， can they change the students? learning style， inspire their study enthusiasm ， truly achieve the efficient classroom .

　 key words efficient; classroom; dominance; Subject

Under the background of curriculum reform, great changes have taken place in educational concepts and learning methods. How to implement it? Teacher-oriented, student-oriented? Principles, formation? Efficient classroom? For the vast number of ideological and political educators, it is both a challenge and a driving force.

first,? Dominance and subjectivity? Connotation and characteristics of principles

Is modern ideological and political teaching for teachers? Teach? With students? Learn? In terms of knowledge, thoughts, emotions, etc., * * * constitutes a two-way interactive communication process. Dominance and subjectivity? The principle is actually aimed at the relationship between teachers and students in teaching.

specifically,? Teacher-led? That is, teachers play a leading role in politics teaching, improve students' learning initiative by constantly innovating education and teaching strategies, guide students to explore the depth and breadth of knowledge, and successfully complete teaching tasks. ? Student subjectivity? It refers to taking students as the starting point and destination in the relationship between schools, teachers and students, creating all favorable conditions, giving full play to students' autonomy, participation and creativity, and turning passive learning into active learning.

in the specific teaching process, highlighting students' subjective role does not mean rejecting teachers' leading role, on the contrary, it puts forward higher requirements for teachers' leading role. In other words, students' subjective role is based on teachers' leading role, and teachers' leading role is aimed at students' subjective role. They interact and are dialectical unity.

in ideological and political teaching? Dominance and subjectivity? The principle is characterized by? Bidirectional? Educational philosophy is the purpose. On the one hand, we should give full play to the leading role of teachers, change the current situation that curriculum implementation places too much emphasis on learning, rote learning and mechanical training, guide students to question, investigate and explore, cultivate students' study habits, form scientific learning methods, and promote students to study consciously and with individuality under the guidance of teachers; On the other hand, it can arouse students' subjective consciousness and stimulate their learning enthusiasm, so that they can learn independently and innovate constantly. In learning, they can improve their ability to collect and process information, acquire new knowledge, analyze and solve problems, and communicate and cooperate.

the ultimate goal of this principle is to make classroom teaching go smoothly in the benign interaction between teachers and students, so as to complete it efficiently? Knowledge and skills, processes and methods, emotional attitudes and values? Yes? Three dimensions? Teaching objectives, composition? Efficient classroom? .

second, the necessity of creating an efficient classroom

? Efficient classroom? Compared with the traditional classroom, it is the product of curriculum reform. What is its core idea? Student-centered? Emphasize students' subjectivity, and advocate students' active participation, willingness to explore and diligence. At the same time,? Efficient classroom? Attach importance to teachers' guidance and guidance to students, actively interact with students and develop together in the teaching process, stimulate students' learning enthusiasm and change their learning methods. Therefore,? Efficient classroom? Its essence is to organically unify the teacher's leading role with the student's subjectivity.

There are great differences between efficient classroom and traditional classroom in form and content. People often divide a classroom into the following links: self-research and self-exploration, cooperation and exploration, display, questioning, evaluation, dispelling doubts, pointing out, summarizing and feedback, and each link highlights the role of teachers' leading role and students' subjectivity. However, specific to practical teaching often appears? Teachers don't know how to teach and students don't know how to learn. , caught in? Strange circle? , or one-sided student-centered, Teachers are fully decentralized and students are fully in power? , leading to activities instead of teaching, laissez-faire instead of autonomy, the whole classroom? Warm atmosphere? With little effect; Or is it still centered on teachers and embraced by students? I learn what the teacher teaches me. However, the attitude of students only stays in the adjustment of seat form and the change of questioning methods, and students still study passively. Both of these phenomena are due to the lack of a comprehensive and

engraved understanding of the principle of teacher-led and student-centered, and the failure to handle them properly? Dominant? With? Subjectivity? The dialectical relationship between.

third,? Efficient classroom? Medium? Dominance and subjectivity? Construction of principles

(1) Pay attention to teaching design in self-research and self-exploration

Teaching objectives determine the direction of classroom teaching, and the adequacy of teaching design directly affects the efficiency of classroom teaching and is also the basis of successful classroom teaching. Therefore, in order to ensure good teaching results, teachers should thoroughly study the teaching materials and carefully design classroom teaching before class.

　? Efficient classroom? In the process of self-research and self-exploration, students mainly rely on teaching materials by themselves to sort out the knowledge points of teaching materials, so as to obtain knowledge generation, which undoubtedly fully shows the subjectivity of students. In fact, some teachers let themselves go in this process, which will inevitably lead to low classroom efficiency. Therefore, the teacher's leading role is indispensable in this link. Teachers should not only participate in exploring it, but also establish effective three-dimensional goals.

Bloom, a famous American psychologist and educator, said: Effective teaching begins with the desired goal. ? When making classroom teaching objectives, teachers should not only pay attention to the diversity of teaching forms and ignore the realization of emotions, attitudes and values, but should organically unify the three-dimensional objectives, adhere to the principles of being close to students, life and reality, stimulate and cultivate students' morality and emotions, promote the transformation of students' learning methods and construct meaningful knowledge, so that students can actively and actively develop and acquire knowledge, ability and knowledge in the multi-dimensional interaction between students, teachers and students and various teaching activities. Teaching design should focus on? Efficient? According to the specific teaching content and learning situation, it can't be divorced from reality, and good teaching design will get twice the result with half the effort. Carefully setting doubts and inspiring students to think is a teaching art to develop students' intelligence. By designing questions, students can experience the pleasure of seeking knowledge and improve their thinking ability from the process of doubt, doubt and explanation. First of all, questions should be interesting. Interesting questions can often stimulate students' desire to explore, let students actively participate in the self-study process, and get rich and quality learning experience from it; Secondly, questions should have certain thinking value, and questions with thinking value can make students explore deeply; Thirdly, the problems should be hierarchical. Only by relying on the teaching materials, teachers can design meaningful and thoughtful questions to guide students to study and explore themselves. Under the guidance of high-quality questions, students can go deeper and deeper step by step, enter the teaching materials, thoroughly understand the teaching materials and finally jump out of the teaching materials, so as to truly achieve the goal? Dominance and subjectivity? The organic unity of.

(2) Advocating the concept of inquiry in cooperative inquiry

? Good scholars, teachers learn from others and get twice the result; If you are not a good scholar, you will get half the result with diligence. ? The classroom teaching under the new curriculum advocates inquiry learning and creative thinking, and the classroom atmosphere pursues students? Move? Get up. Independent inquiry is an open way of learning, and it is also the inherent requirement of building an efficient classroom. Mr. Tao Xingzhi said: Free the child's hand and make him capable; Liberate the child's mouth so that he can speak; Emancipate the child's mind so that he can think; Liberate the child's eyes so that he can see; Free the time for children to do what they want; Liberate children's space and let them contact with the big society and nature. ? This passage warns teachers to liberate students in building efficient classrooms, let students learn independently and cooperate with teachers to explore.

　? Real education must be adhered to? Humanity? , based on? Humanism? Rich? Humane? Respect? Human rights? . ? [1] Cooperative inquiry link is also called interactive link. In concrete practice, if students' dominant position is not highlighted, how to implement it? Dominance and subjectivity? The principle of unity often leads to cooperation and interaction only in form.

1. Team work

? At present, the class teaching system with large class size is also a big reason why it is difficult to improve the efficiency of classroom teaching. Under the realistic conditions that small class teaching is difficult to implement, it can be said that it is the best choice to implement group mutual learning in the class. ? [2] The form of group cooperative learning not only creates a relaxed, democratic and harmonious teaching atmosphere, but also improves the traditional way of individual communication between teachers and students, reduces the psychological pressure of students, and facilitates the full play of students' subjectivity.

In the specific operation, it is advisable to have about eight people in each group, and sit in pairs, with the same academic level and mutual cooperation. Each group chooses two students with high academic level and certain organizational ability as the group leader, who sits at the front of the group and is responsible for organizing and leading. Upload and release? Other students are arranged according to the principle of decreasing the level of their subjects in turn, and what is between the two adjacent levels? Teachers and students? Relationship. How to learn includes? Studying alone? 、? To learn? 、? Group studies? Wait.

2. Create a teaching situation

Students have a strong desire to participate in teaching and express themselves. Tradition? Cramming? The teaching ignores the existence of students as spiritual individuals with flesh and blood, which suppresses students' sense of participation; On the other hand,? Cleverly creating teaching situations and putting students in optimistic emotions will help to simplify complex teaching content, popularize abstruse teaching content, concretize abstract teaching content and animate boring teaching content. ? [3]。

The knowledge of ideological and political course is simple, close to life, and the goal of emotion, attitude and values is high. Compared with other subjects, situational creation is particularly important. Therefore, we should choose and create different teaching situations according to different course contents and

teaching objects, so as to stimulate students' enthusiasm for participating in teaching.

3. Be good at applying modern teaching methods

The extensive application of modern information technology in education and teaching has greatly enriched the content of education and teaching, and at the same time enhanced the intuition, interest and effectiveness of education and teaching. ? In classroom teaching, political teachers should properly use the audio and video of multimedia courseware to concretize and visualize abstract concepts and principles. So that classroom teaching is lively and full of modern atmosphere, and the diversification of teaching methods and the artistry of teaching methods are realized. ? [4]

(3) Show, question and evaluate the interaction between teachers and students

The classroom is the main battlefield, and the concept of effective teaching will eventually be implemented in the classroom. In order to guide students to participate in the teaching process, teachers must abandon their implicit or explicit emotional and spiritual indifference and make teaching activities a process of teacher-student interaction.

efficient interaction between teachers and students, that is, teachers? Efficient teaching? , students? Efficient learning? Yes? Efficient classroom? The essence of. In this link, students are actors, teachers are directors, students are participants, and teachers are organizers and evaluators. Actors have certain autonomy and initiative. Teachers should let students speak freely and give full play to their ideas as far as possible. Teachers' responsibility is to guide, lead and not let themselves drift, adhere to the evaluation principles of people-oriented, comprehensive evaluation, process-oriented and development-promoting, give full play to the correct guiding role of evaluation, and let students enjoy democracy, feel independent and participate in the whole process in the classroom, so as to realize effective teaching.

After the interactive and demonstration sessions, teachers should evaluate the students' speeches or discussion results in time. Outline of the National Medium-and Long-Term Education Reform and Development Plan (2111? 2121) proposed:? Explore a variety of evaluation methods to promote students' development, and encourage students to be optimistic, self-reliant and strive to become talents. ?

the purpose of evaluation is to promote development, and it is by no means a simple distinction between superior and inferior. On the basis of equality, respect and reciprocity, teachers should adhere to the student-oriented educational concept, tap the bright spots of students for incentive evaluation, fully mobilize students' initiative and enthusiasm in learning, pay attention to students' learning process and learning state, and pay attention to the construction of students' knowledge and ability, so that students can truly experience the joy of learning and the joy of success.

1. Student evaluation

Student evaluation is divided into self-evaluation and mutual evaluation. Students are the subject of learning and evaluation. Try to let students participate in the evaluation, and realize that when evaluating others, we must first learn to evaluate ourselves, which is not only conducive to cultivating the ability of independent learning, but also conducive to cultivating students' healthy psychology, and initially learn to treat themselves correctly.

Mutual evaluation among students helps them to see each other's strengths and weaknesses and promote their active development. ? However, students' evaluation ability is limited, and teachers need to provide concrete, vivid and feasible information.