Ru kiln known as the first of the five famous kilns in the Song Dynasty, the first mention of it is the Northern Song Dynasty Xuanhe five years on a mission to Goryeo Xu Jing in the "Goryeo Tujing" mentioned for the first time, "the rest of the Yuezhou ancient secret color, Ruzhou new kiln ware, probably similar". To the Southern Song Dynasty in his "Tanzai Penheng" wrote: "the dynasty to Dingzhou white porcelain has a man, unbearable, so ordered the Ruzhou green kilns, so Hebei Tang, Deng, Yaozhou all have the Ru kiln for the first." It is worth mentioning that the Southern Song people Zhou Huojun in the "Qingbo Magazine" wrote a paragraph according to me seems to be quite questionable records, he said "Ru kiln in the Palace of the ban on burning, within the onyx glaze, only for the Royal selection of the retreat party allowed to sell, especially rare in the near future". In the "Palace of the forbidden burn" this sentence seems to have error, or when people copy the error, if so, then the heirloom Ru kiln from where? So I am afraid that this "forbidden to burn" the word "burn" is "sell" the word black. In the feudal era of imperial power if the palace burn ban who dare to act against the decree of the risk of execution of nine families? And the correct original text should be "Ru kiln in the Palace of the sale is prohibited, within the onyx glaze, only for the Royal pick back, the Department of the sale of the recent especially difficult to obtain". This reads more fluent, but also more in line with the historical facts. In addition, there is "only for the imperial pick back" of the "imperial" word is by no means the emperor's pronouns, we read the ancient literature must not stick to the literal interpretation, the emperor can not condescend to do the work of picking porcelain? That is not a joke! More inconsistent with the feudal system. Ancient emperor is the supreme son of heaven, and how can do this area to pick porcelain work? This is both contrary to reason, but also good behavior of the feudal system, which is impossible in the Song dynasty. However, this "for the imperial pick back" of the "imperial" word and what it means? We have browsed the "History of Song" people know that the Northern Song Dynasty court has the establishment of the Palace in the province, and the Palace in the province of the six major components of the Shang Bureau ", that is," Shang Yi Bureau "," Shang Gong Bureau "," Shang Clothes Bureau "" Shang Medicine Bureau "" Shang Food Bureau "" Shang Bedroom Bureau ". They specialize in the Palace of the diet, travel and hunting, dress, medicine and health care, as well as temple rituals, temple garden repair, Palace furnishings, Qing for antiques, dining utensils and so on the affairs of the work, and in this many affairs work, there is a ceramic quality inspection of the work of the officials, his professional title on the name of the "Classic Imperial ". And "Qingbo magazine" mentioned in the "for imperial" of the "imperial" that is, "the imperial" of the ellipsis. We can get from the "Daoguang xiuwu county record" volume 10 (hundred rock title) of a paragraph of the text can be proved, it is so recorded: "political and yiwei (Song Huizong political and five years 115 years AD author's note) autumn July 25th Royal Taiyuan Wang Dao alcohol car make Huai Meng, because to ochre mouth point inspection pottery." This is not exactly explains the "classic Royal" that the court used to specialize in testing the quality of ceramics full-time officials? Daoguang xiuwu county record" records clear Zhou Huojun "Qingbo magazine" in the "for the emperor" two words referred to. Xiuwu County in the Northern Song Dynasty, formerly known as Huizhou, is also the location of the Northern Song Dynasty "Dangyangyu kiln". According to the broken (Deying Tablet) in the village of Dangyangyu, "? According to the broken record (Deyin Tablet), "?Shirizi ware, hundreds of households with large clay pottery, more than 10,000 mouths". This is enough to show that the "Danyangyu kiln" porcelain industry is developed, so the court sent the Imperial Court, Taiyuan Wang Daoyuol traveled to Huizhou "Danyangyu kiln" to check the inspection of porcelain required by the court. From the "Daoguang Xiuwu County Zhi" we know that the original Song Dynasty "Dangyang Yu kiln" also burned for the Northern Song Dynasty court tribute porcelain, which is China's porcelain book of all times have not seen. This may be due to the "Danyangyu kiln" product technology novelty, plutonium plutonium technique innovation, it created a burn a carved and scratched flowers and techniques, but also a multi-colored glaze picking scratching method is very typical. In addition, it had a very distinctive style, such as stranded tire and three colors, so it was only natural that the imperial court sent a royal official to inspect the products. However, in this "Royal" two words over the centuries has been for ceramists, connoisseurs have been ignored by the misunderstanding, the most typical to be considered the Ming Dynasty Li Rihua's "Purple Peach Xuan miscellaneous embellishments", he said "Ru kiln to agate end for glaze, then stop for the Royal, absolutely rare", agate The end of the glaze is right, Ruzhou, but agate, "Song History" recorded "jurisdiction of the Beijing West pit metallurgy Wang Jingwen play Ruzhou Qingling town boundary agate." But he misunderstood the word "for the emperor", he thought "for the emperor" that is, supply the emperor, in fact, supply quality inspection officer to check its quality, he misunderstood. Li Rihua is the Wanli twenty years of the scholar, the official to the Secretary of the Imperial Household, is a learned Confucian, there is still such a misunderstanding, so the former said, "Wisdom, there must be a mistake," the letter do not I deceive also.

In the "History of Chinese ceramics" on page 285 about the Ru kiln's exposition: "" Gegu Essentials " crab claw pattern of the real, no pattern is especially good "" Zunsheng eight " and "" Qing secret " two books and according to this to be extended to say "" juice in the brown eye, hidden up if the crab claw. "" The "Crab claw" is the most important thing in the history of China's ceramics. " This makes it difficult to understand, brown eye was originally a glaze defects, small as brown hairs the size of brown spots, and how to cause if the crab claw? Gao Lian did not understand Cao Zhao about the original meaning of crab claw pattern. Therefore, the wrong derivation, so as to cause people to fall into five miles of fog". After reading this discussion, people can not help but ask how to understand the original meaning of Cao Zhao crab claw pattern? The history of Chinese ceramics did not say regrettably. I have such a high Lian "out of the dust Rohan, live in the world of the true fairy" moral articles have been admired, he is very knowledgeable, the article by the world, and is proficient in the archaeological material science, I now high Lian on the Ru kiln's exposition of the original extract: "Ru kiln Yu tasted the color of the egg white, the juice Ying thick, such as a pile of fat, the juice in the brown eyes hidden like a Crab claws, the bottom of the sesame small nails". I then Cao Zhao's "ancient treatise" of the original excerpts, written in the following: "Ru kiln ware out of Ruzhou, Song time burner light green, crab claw pattern of the real, no pattern is particularly good, the soil veins moist, thin and very rare". The above is an excerpt from the original words of gao lien and cao zhao. Gao Lian's original words are "hidden as crab claws" but the "history of Chinese ceramics" has become "hidden as crab claws", which is two different concepts, Gao Lian said is under the glaze "hidden lines," and the "history of Chinese ceramics" said is the "hidden lines". History of Chinese ceramics" on the glaze is said to be "obvious lines", which misunderstands the original intention of Gao Lian, no wonder issued a "so that people fall into five miles of fog," the sigh of exclamation.

Ru kiln brown eye formation brown eye is a glaze defects, if we ask to get the glaze after the glass smooth uniform spread in the body above, that is the premise of the kiln furnace must have the beginning of the melting of the higher temperatures in order to ensure that the body of the salt oxides, such as carbonate, sulfate and so on the decomposition of oxidation in the melt in a timely manner before discharged, otherwise it will be the formation of brown eye, the shrinking of glaze, the reason why, if The reason is that if the furnace melting temperature is low, the body of the salt-based oxides can not be oxidized in time to get the decomposition of the outward discharge, and stagnation in the body, to be entered into the high temperature firing, still continue to decompose and oxidize the glaze discharge, and the formation of different sizes of bubbles upward top of the glaze molecules to the surrounding extrusion, destroying the glaze of the smooth surface of the glaze, and the formation of different sizes of the brown eye, shrinking glaze point, which is a situation. There is another reason is due to the tire mud force pinch is not sufficient, there are small voids and water in the body, by the high temperature vaporization to the glaze surface expansion, resulting in the appearance of brown eye shrinkage glaze point, this is the Ru kiln glaze brown eye shrinkage glaze point formed by the mechanism. Not long ago, "China cultural relics newspaper" published the "Song Ru kiln ancient porcelain experience" chapter, the author of the range, the text reads: "The remarkable point is that there is shrinkage glaze point, especially in some of the artifacts along the mouth of the part of the shrinkage glaze point is more, and often see the tire bone, which is also why in part of the royal use of the above often see the reason why the mouth with metal ware wrapped around the rim. Nowadays, most of the imitations do not see those very natural and interesting different sizes of shrinkage of the glaze point". The Ru kiln wares that Fan has seen are in line with what Gao Lian described as "brown eyes in the juice". It is also consistent with the three-legged trousseau of the Ru kiln illustrated with the Qianlong imperial inscription. Where engraved with the Qianlong imperial inscription of the artifacts calligraphy is absolutely superior, never lack of power and the performance of tender handwriting appears. Because the writers are the masterpieces of the palace calligraphy and painting, appreciation, can not help but aspire to the court at the time of the deep attainments of the calligrapher, people respect. This special humanities and historical relics, escaped the "Cultural Revolution" catastrophe, heritage, embodiment of the cultural lineage, perpetuate the cultural lineage, has not been destroyed in the "Cultural Revolution" fire, but as a historical echo wall back to the dust for many years with the eternal charm of Chinese culture and art and can not be regenerated! The essence of the eternal charm of Chinese culture and art can not be regenerated. Can be regarded as a lucky star, blessed by nature. Another paragraph in the Fan text describes the largest Ru kiln ware: "the largest is now Taiwan's National Palace Museum of the oval Narcissus basin, 6.3 centimeters high, caliber 18.5 × 26.4 centimeters, the bottom diameter of 15 × 22.6 centimeters, the bottom of the basin is engraved with the Qianlong imperial inscription a poem." The words caused by the author hook, if I remember correctly, remember this oval Narcissus basin that "Tao into the record of the matter of the tablet" recorded in the piece, this basin is entitled "okapi lopsided food basin", but a Ru kiln peak level products, in the Yongzheng once sent by the Ministry of the Imperial Kiln in Jingdezhen, Qin ordered Tang Ying according to this glaze and then fired. This is the Yongzheng imitation Ru kiln of iron evidence. But was Qianlong imperial entitled official kiln ware, the poem said: "official kiln can not tell Song also Tang, fire gas are not have program light, is the blackmail okapi lopsided food ware, cu ping but recognize the豢恩偿""龙脑香薰蜀锦裾, huaqing nothing to feed the kangju, messing up its stone interpretation of the Sanlang rush, who know yellow gnarled is not as good. " In these two poems, Qianlong quoted a story from Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty; Emperor Ming and guests on the game, the losing game has been Chen, helplessness, your consort will be Kang Guo impetuous son of the chess game in order to solve the siege of the emperor, this story out of the Tang Dynasty Duan Cheng style of the Youyang Miscellany Chopping Block. In addition, the Tang Dynasty poet Wang Ya has a palace lyrics cloud "white snout snout lopsided children brushing the ground, used to sleep on the red carpet has not been alarmed", which proves that Duan Chengshi's "Youyang Miscellany Chopping Block" is true, "Huaqing nothing to feed Kanguo," that Yang Guifei in the Huaching Pond to keep puppies is exactly the same thing, Tang Dynasty Painter zhou zhou yi fang's "hairpin ladies" is not also painted with an okapi. This so-called "犭呙食盆"'s name was originally Yongzheng set, and the Qianlong Royal title to know that it is not an "犭呙食盆", so that it is "blackmail", Qianlong is worthy of an Learned master. Crab claw pattern formation

Any piece of porcelain tire glaze chemical composition, are belonging to the class of aluminosilicate, in which the microstructure is the crystalline phase, the glass phase, and pores composed of multi-phase system, the crystalline phase is polycrystalline form of phase aggregation. In the firing of porcelain, after drying process after the artifacts, in the kiln before the firing of the glaze is solid phase, through the thermal movement began to convert from solid phase to liquid phase. That is, by the glaze melting and firing into a glaze layer, which is a very complex process; it must be decomposed in the kiln after the decomposition of the chemical compounds, sintering, fusion, crystallization of this complex physicochemical reaction in order to form a glaze layer. Whether high temperature, medium temperature, low temperature or lime, feldspar, lead, boron and other glazes, as long as it is attached to the surface of the tire body to form a continuous phase of glass thin layer, evenly spread on the top of the tire body must undergo five physicochemical reaction process after the first to get a smooth and bright, hardness, non-penetrative, resistant to acid, alkali and other organic chemicals erosion of the glaze. Ru glaze is no exception, the different Ru glaze is the end of the agate firing, although agate and quartz composition is silicon dioxide (SiO2), but the crystal structure is different, so in the cooling crystallization of the physical and chemical reaction of the formation of cotton-wool-like crystals, filled with the glaze, this furry crystals resembles a crab claw on the image of the pilose hair, so it is called crab claw pattern. As long as it is a real Ru kiln porcelain, almost no exception, which is also a feature of the Ru kiln porcelain, it is different from the Song dynasty north and south celadon system of all the kilns to produce celadon is the difference.