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Suzhou culture

By the end of 2119, there were 15 performing arts groups, 12 cultural centers, 27 museums and 12 public libraries in Suzhou. A total of 6 projects in the city are listed in the United Nations Representative List of Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity, 24 projects are listed in the representative list of national intangible cultural heritage, and 28 people are listed in the representative inheritors of national intangible cultural heritage. Pingjiang and Shantang Historic Blocks were rated as China Historic and Cultural Streets and China's most popular tourist historic and cultural Streets respectively. Suzhou dialect, a kind of Wu dialect, is the standard language of Wu dialect, one of the seven major dialect families in Chinese, and belongs to Taihu Lake of Chinese-Wu dialect. It has long been one of the main representative dialects of Wu dialect.

Suzhou dialect is famous for its elegance, from which the so-called soft language of Wu Nong comes. Whether a dialect is good or not depends mainly on intonation, speech speed, rhythm, pronunciation and vocabulary. Wu dialect is one of the earliest dialects in Chinese language systems, and the ancient Wu dialect is integrated with the ancient Central Plains to form modern Wu dialect, so Wu dialect has preserved quite a lot of ancient sounds so far. A major feature of Wu dialect is that it retains all voiced initials and all entering tones. Therefore, it has eight tones (going up and entering each yin and yang), which is the most accurate flat tone. Suzhou dialect has a peaceful tone without losing its cadence, and its speech speed is moderate without losing its cadence. The pronunciation of Suzhou dialect has a feeling of singing in a low voice.

Wu dialect has a history of 3,211 years, and the Wu dialect area has an economic and cultural center history of 1,111 years. Wu dialect retains many orthodox Chinese factors, and Suzhou dialect is the core of Wu dialect. There are five major religions in Suzhou: Buddhism, Taoism, Islam, Catholicism and Christianity.

The main religious sites are: Taoist temple, including the mysterious temple (located in Guanqian Street), Jade Palace (Park), Chenghuang Temple (located in Jingde Road), and Shangzhen Temple on the dome mountain. Buddhism includes saionji, Hanshan Temple, North Tower Hoonji (located in Renmin Road), Wenshan Temple, Lingyanshan Temple (Mudu Town), Baoshan Temple (Xishan Island in Wuzhong District) Park Chongyuan Temple, Laifeng Temple, Changshu Yushan Kofukuji, Zhangjiagang Phoenix Mountain Yongqing Temple, Xiangshan Temple, Shuangxing Temple, Wujiang Pingwang Town Xiaojiuhua Scenic Temple, Kunshan Haicang Temple and other temples; Other religions include St. John's Church, Apostolic Church, Yangjiaqiao Catholic Church and Shilu Taiping Square Mosque. Every year on the sixth day of the sixth lunar month, Suzhou has the custom of drying books. On this day, the pictures and books were exposed to the sun in the court, which was especially effective in preventing moth-eaten corrosion. All the temples and monasteries moved out the collected scriptures to dry, and the monks took the opportunity to call the old rural women to hold a "sutra turning meeting", where they turned the scriptures and exposed them in the scorching sun, claiming that "turning the scriptures ten times can turn a man's body". There is also a folk saying: "June 6, dog rot bath." (Suzhou dialect calls bathing a rotten bath) It is to take dogs and cats to the river to bathe in order to avoid lice and fleas.

Every year on the seventh day of the seventh lunar month, it is the seventh begging day, also known as Daughter's Day. Legend has it that on this night, magpies flew to the Milky Way in droves and built a magpie bridge, where the cowherd and the weaver girl met. Folk custom, offering sacrifices to ancestors and weaving girls on Tanabata night, and begging her for wisdom and skillful skills, is called "begging for cleverness". On Tanabata Day, every household uses flour and sugar to mix it firmly, cuts it into strips of about 2 inches, twists it into the shape of a knot, and after frying, it is crispy and sweet, and it is called proper fruit, which is an essential offering for Qiqiao Festival. In Wudi, Yuanyang water (a mixture of water from a well and a river) is filled in a teacup, which is placed in the courtyard to be stirred by dew. After sunrise, it is allowed to bask in the sun, and when the surface of the water is covered with film, the girls each put their small needles into the water, so that the needles float on the water, depending on the shadow of the needles at the bottom of the water. If it looks like flowers and plants in Yunlong, it will be "clever", and if the vertebrae are like pestles, it will be "clumsy". It is also useful to thread a pinhole to distinguish the good or bad eyesight and other customs. Suzhou, with a history of more than 2511 years, is undoubtedly the main body of Wu culture. Wu painting has a long history. From the decorative patterns carved and depicted on jade and objects in Liangzhu culture for five or six thousand years to the "wu school" named after Wumen in the Ming Dynasty, all of them exude artistic brilliance.

Wu's painting has made great achievements in the Southern Dynasties during the Wei, Jin and Southern and Northern Dynasties, with the emergence of Gu Kaizhi, Lu Tanwei, Zhang Sengyou, Cao Buxing and other great painters. Wu's painting in this period has made a dazzling brilliance in China's painting history. The most prominent painters in the Tang Dynasty were Zhang Yun, Zhu Jingxuan and Zhu Shen. During the Song Dynasty, the achievements of flower-and-bird painters in Suzhou were remarkable, and landscape painting reached a new height. In Yuan Dynasty, Suzhou painters responded to Zhao Mengfu's idea of "literati painting" and used writing pens to paint landscapes, flowers, birds and figures to express their temperament. At this time, Huang Gongwang's "learning from nature, learning from nature" has a far-reaching impact on later generations. His masterpiece Fuchun Shan Jutu is a rare masterpiece in the world art history. With the development of literati painting, flower-and-bird painting in Yuan Dynasty began to develop in the direction of ink painting.

Suzhou painting in the Ming Dynasty formed an artistic atmosphere of combining cultural accomplishment with elegant life, emphasizing elements such as personality, knowledge, talent and thought, and most of the works were improvised lyrical works, advocating a fresh and elegant artistic style that tends to be plain and naive. These almost professional literati painters actively promoted the spread of literati painting. By the time of Zhengde and Jiajing, due to the efforts of Shen Zhou, Wen Zhiming, Tang Yin and Chou Ying, the "wu school" with extensive influence finally formed and became the mainstream form of Paintings of Ming Dynasty. In the late Ming Dynasty, painters in wu school attached great importance to inheriting the tradition of pen and ink of the ancients and regarded the pursuit of style as an important purpose of art. Moreover, because they have profound cultural accomplishment and their own aesthetic pursuits, they are also very creative. During this period, a group of outstanding painters who learned from nature and attached importance to sketching emerged, and Zhang Hong was one of them. Suzhou painters' exquisite pen and ink techniques and natural painting ideas in Ming Dynasty had a far-reaching influence on later painting circles. Wu school has been leading the painting world for 611 years, and talented people have come forth in large numbers. Suzhou is the hometown of Kunqu Opera and Su Ju.

Kunqu Opera is the first world intangible cultural heritage in China, which rose in Kunshan and Taicang in Suzhou at the end of Yuan Dynasty and the beginning of Ming Dynasty. From the turn of Qin Long and Wanli in Ming Dynasty to Kangxi and Jiaqing in Qing Dynasty, Kunqu Opera flourished rapidly because of its innovation. At that time, in Suzhou towns and villages, people were crazy about Kunqu Opera, organized amateur clubs, held singing activities, and held the annual Huqiu Quhui. In the heyday of Kunqu Opera, with Suzhou as the center, it spread almost all over major cities in China and dominated the opera for more than 211 years. With the prosperity of Kunqu Opera, a large number of outstanding actors and famous writers emerged, leaving a large number of famous legendary scripts for future generations. Such as the Kunqu Opera Peony Pavilion and Dou E Yuan, in which the Peony Pavilion was re-produced by the famous writer Bai Xianyong in April 2114, and the "Youth Edition" Kunqu Opera Peony Pavilion, which was jointly created by artists from three places on both sides of the Taiwan Straits, has toured more than 111 times all over the world, and it was sold out and landed in the Golden Hall in Vienna, Austria.

Su Ju has Drunken Return, Dou Gong's Send the Son, Peking Opera Li Huiniang, farce "Satisfied, Not Satisfied" and so on. Suzhou is the center of eastern food culture, and it is one of the three major food cultures (Beijing-style, Soviet-style and Cantonese-style)-the development place of Soviet-style food culture.

Suzhou snacks are one of the four largest snacks in China (Nanjing Confucius Temple snacks, Shanghai Chenghuangmiao snacks, Suzhou Xuanmiaoguan snacks and Hunan Changsha Huogong snacks are also called the four largest snacks in China). "Songhelou" is an old-fashioned Soviet-style restaurant; "Old Suzhou Tea Restaurant" is famous for its traditional Su-bang cuisine. "Zhuhongxing Noodle Restaurant" and "Lvyang Wonton" are inexpensive and suitable for mass consumption. Noodle shops all over Suzhou show that Suzhou-style noodles with many toppings and paying attention to soup are popular snacks. Food Street: Eunuch Lane, Shiquan Street, Xueshi Street, Ligong Dam, Fenghuang Street, etc. Bifengfang and Ligong Dam are famous food and beverage cultural streets in China. Suzhou-style signature dishes: Sweet and Sour Mandarin Fish, sesame oil eel paste, crab powder tendon, clear shrimp, fermented grains, whole chicken with mother oil, Taihu water shield soup, snow crab bucket, cherry meat, sauce meat, smoked fish, (fish bar) lung soup, three pieces, secret sauce fire recipe, warm pot, jujube paste cake, etc. Su-style candy: light sugar pine nuts, zongzi candy, sliced slices, tricolor pine nut soft candy, crisp pine nut candy, pine nut south jujube candy, etc. Suzhou-style candied fruit: The history of Suzhou's candied fruit can be traced back to the Three Kingdoms period. The Qing Dynasty was the heyday of Suzhou-style candied fruit, among which "Zhang Xiangfeng" is the most famous and has always been "court food". There are more than 161 varieties of Soviet-style candied fruit, among which the most famous are golden jujube, buttered plum, golden kumquat, white sugar bayberry and nine-system dried tangerine peel. Su-style snacks fried steamed bread with oil, half-fermented, half-fermented, half-fermented, crab powder, steamed buns with crepe soup, crab powder soup, mushrooms and vegetables, fresh meat, big meat, bean paste steamed bread, lotus steamed bread, peach blossom steamed bread, autumn leaves and vegetarian dishes, phoenix tail, crab powder, shrimp, goldfish, steamed dumplings, steamed dumplings, green vegetables and butterfly dumplings. Quejiao Cocktail Triangle Dumpling Knows Dumpling Shen Yongxing Steamed Bread Sweet-scented osmanthus Sugar Oil Sweet Potato Sweet-scented osmanthus Sugar Taro Crispy Bean Sugar Porridge Sweet-scented osmanthus Chicken Head Meat Eight Treasures Chicken Head Meat Sweet-scented osmanthus Cooked Lotus Fresh Meat Brown Grey Soup Brown White Sands Brown Mung Bean Brown Lard with Sand Brown Triangle Brown Foot Brown Pen Brown Jujube Mud Sesame Cake Honey Dried Bean Curd Shrimp Soy Sauce Clear Soup Shark's Fin Mother Oil Whole Chicken Taihu Water Shepherd Soup Jade Shrimp Bucket. Sweet and Sour Mandarin Fish Tourism Festival China Suzhou International Tourism Festival (April-May every year)

China Suzhou International Silk Tourism Festival (September 21-25) Customs Festival mysterious and wonderful view to welcome the god of wealth (early February, The fifth day of the first lunar month)

Luzhi Water Town Clothing Culture Festival (April) Flower Tree Festival Xishan Taihu Plum Blossom Festival (March 1-11)

Huqiu Flower Festival (March-May)

Humble Administrator's Garden Rhododendron Festival (March-June)

Humble Administrator's Garden Lotus Festival (July-August).