The word "Du custom" comes from the sentence "Du custom, which is simple and quiet, and is a gentleman" in Tao Yuanming's "Feeling the Scholars Don't Meet Fu", meaning single-minded. Zhang Ying has been an official for more than 30 years. She is famous for her Do not forget your initiative mind. After Zhang Ying became an official, Emperor Kangxi made a southern tour of Anhui and still summoned Zhang Ying to reward him. In the eighth year of Yongzheng, people worshipped the fairy temple. Zhang Ying has a good way of managing family, and advocates modesty when dealing with neighborhood relations. The famous allusion of "Liuchi Lane" comes from him.
Zhang Ying wrote "From Xun Zhai Yu" for his children, covering all aspects of a person's growth and success. According to his own experience and knowledge, Zhang Yingjun put forward a series of codes of conduct from eating and drinking, living habits, reading and keeping records, making friends and choosing friends, cultivating interests, and even making a career in politics. He advocates the code of conduct such as diligence and thrift, understanding reading, being cautious in making friends, and being innocent. Its details reflect the achievement of Ming Che, and it is still far-reaching in wisdom.
Zhang Ying believes that the most important significance of reading is to improve self-cultivation and make people respect, which means that "scholars are not cheap"; Thrift is a virtue of self-cultivation and cannot be squandered. Paying attention to agriculture and mulberry is the foundation of family heirloom, that is, "those who keep the fields are not hungry"; Treat others, especially those who are not as good as themselves, be especially generous and not arrogant, that is to say, "those who accumulate virtue are impartial"; Friends are the key factors that affect a person's moral career. Choosing good friends to meet is an important basis for the business community, and it is called "invincible in choosing friends".
Cong Xun Zhai Yu embodies the value orientation of Han intellectuals in the early Qing Dynasty to study family heirlooms, and also reflects the social life and people's mental outlook at that time to some extent. Zhang Ying's family education has achieved remarkable results. His eldest son, Zhang Tingzan, was a scholar in the eighteenth year of Kangxi (1679). His official position was not as good as that of James, but he died young. The second son, Zhang, later became a big official in Yongzheng and Qianlong dynasties, where he was taught by Ziyun, who recited for life.
Collection of famous sentences
1, people's hearts are full of energy, and they can't be overworked or relaxed, but they can cultivate their sentiments through reading. Every time I see Kanyu's family raising needles with magnets on weekdays, the scroll is the first wonderful flower to raise the heart. People who have nothing to do, if they don't read books in the town every day, will go in and out of their daily lives, have no place to live, have no eyes and ears to live in, and will inevitably be confused and angry. Adversity is unhappy, and prosperity is unhappy. Every time I see a man perched on an emperor, I feel that everything he does is in the way. This man can't learn. ..... and never brushed meaning, since the reader saw it, as if I was alone, extremely embarrassed; I don't know what the ancients said, there are hundreds of times more people who don't experience their ears carefully.
That is, after Mr. Dongpo's death, he was received by Gao Xiao, and words began to appear, making him famous through the ages. At that time, when people were worried and afraid of ridicule, what was the state between the tide of migration and the benefits? Another example is Bai Xiangshan's childless, and Lu Fangweng's forbearance and disdain are all bookish. He has never heard of anyone for a thousand years, but he has always been like this! Look at it calmly, everything in the world can be relaxed. If I don't study, I will see what I have suffered, and endless resentment will burn me restless. Why is it so bitter? And rich things, the ancients also have, hot, instantly empty. Therefore, reading can increase the mind, which is the first thing to support.
People's minds are the most flexible, and they should not be overworked or too comfortable. Only reading can cultivate their minds. We often see people who watch Feng Shui stick needles with magnets, and books are the most nourishing thing. People who lead a leisurely life and do nothing will have nowhere to stop, relax, keep their eyes, ears and energy if they don't read books all day, and their minds will inevitably turn upside down, resulting in delusion and anger. In this case, he will not be happy in good times or bad. People who are afraid, feel and behave inappropriately must be people who don't read. ..... Disadvantages, in the eyes of people who don't study, seem to be his unique experience, which is unbearable. I didn't know that the ancients had a hundred times more unpleasant things than what happened to him, but he didn't understand them carefully. For example, after Su Shi's death, he was highly praised by two emperors, Song Gaozong and Song Xiaozong. The name of the article was known to the world and even shocked the whole world. When he was alive, he was worried about other people's criticism, and he was in trouble. He moved between Chaoshan and Huizhou, and his youngest son, Su Guo, rode barefoot with him and lived near the cowshed. What's his situation this time? For example, Bai Juyi had no children, Lu You was depressed and had to endure criticism. These past events are contained in the book. They are all famous figures in history, but their experiences are so bumpy!
If you can understand this calmly, all the disappointments you encounter can be completely resolved. If you don't study and don't know this, you can only see your own pain, which leads to endless resentment and anger, and inner anxiety. What's the point of this pain? Moreover, the ancients had wealth and splendor, and it was also recorded in the book. Rich and powerful, arrogant, just empty in the blink of an eye, this is not enough. Therefore, reading can cultivate the pursuit of the road and avoid people's anxiety about vulgar things, which is the best way to cultivate the mind.
2, life has blessings and scores. Those who cherish the blessings have the taste of happiness; People with violent tendencies are easy to run out. So the old man regards thrift as a treasure. Not only is money saved, but everything is always frugal, so there is room. Frugality in diet can nourish the spleen and stomach; Thrift in lust can gather spirit; Speech frugality can nourish the breath; If you are frugal in making friends, you can choose a few friends; If you are frugal in paying for mistakes, you can rest and work hard; Sitting frugally at night can calm the nerves and relax the body; Drinking frugally can clear the heart and nourish the nature; If you think frugally, you can trouble yourself. If you save one point in everything, you will get one more point. As for what's going on in the world, as a last resort, it's only eleven or two. At first glance, I think it is impossible, but after careful calculation, it is not impossible. This is gradually omitted, but less and less. Bai Xiangshan said in his poem, "I have a saying that you remember that many people ask for it." I want to ask those who are asking for trouble today, but it can be done. Is it impossible for them? When you have to suddenly lose yourself.
There are a certain number of blessings and enjoyment in life. Those who cherish happiness always have a surplus; People who waste money can easily lose their blessings. Therefore, I attach importance to economy. Not only should we save money and property, but we should always consider saving everything in order to have room. Saving in diet can regulate the spleen and stomach; Saving eyes, ears and mouths can make the spirit condense; Saving words can cultivate tolerance and stop right and wrong; Saving in communication and travel can make you choose your friends better and make fewer mistakes; Saving in social life can regulate the body and reduce fatigue; Saving staying up late can make the mind peaceful and the body Shu Tai; Saving drinking can purify the soul and cultivate virtue; Saving in thinking and worrying can save you from troubles and interference. If you save one point in everything, you get one point. Things in the world really have to be done, but it's eleven o'clock. What you thought was inevitable at first, but after careful calculation, you will find it is not inevitable. In this way, many things can be saved slowly. Bai Juyi has a poem: "I have a sentence you remember, and many people ask for it." I want to ask those who are tired, bored and bitter, whether those busy things can be avoided, or whether they really have to do it. They must suddenly understand their mistakes.
After returning to the field, I vowed not to wear satin and eat ginseng. The ancients were the most expensive and wore three clothes. Satin is something that can't be washed or dyed, and its price is six or seven times that of Huzhou crepe. The best is only three or four yuan a foot, which is more than the price of a piece of cloth. At first, it was gorgeous and impressive. When stained with gray oil, it changes color and cannot be washed off. The situation is due to the negligence of the plain, because the clothes are untidy, and they don't like gorgeous clothes the most. After returning to the field, I only wear velvet, brown, mountain cocoon, calico and lake silk, which is suitable for physical training. Mutton and fur in winter, bananas and pueraria in summer. All the precious furs are first-class and first-class. I will give up and don't let foreign objects interfere with my sitting up. The old man is in a hurry to deal with affairs, one or two yuan a day. Considering the price of rice in my hometown, a stone is only four yuan. Today, I am holding ginseng, and the price is as high as or twice as high. It is a tool for one person and a tool for more than one hundred people. What can I stand? Waste what? My husband's medicine was originally used to treat diseases, but it was considered as an ordinary thing for daily use to take effect on the same day and replenish blood. How can it be? No matter what material resources are, they should be done and should not be done. Give it a profound warning. If invited from the beginning, these two things are absolutely firm.
After I retired to the countryside, I will never wear satin clothes or eat ginseng again. Even if the ancients reached the noblest position, they still wore clothes washed three times.
Satin can't be washed or dyed, but the price is six or seven times that of Huzhou crepe, and the top grade even costs three or four yuan a foot, which is equivalent to the price of a piece of cloth. Satin clothes are gorgeous and beautiful at first, but once they are stained with dust and oil, they will change color and cannot be cleaned. What's more, I have always been careless, careless, and everything in my clothes is not neatly placed. I don't like gorgeous clothes the most. After retirement, I only wear clothes made of fine cloth, coarse cloth, silk, printed cloth and lake silk, hoping to fit my figure and cultivate my temperament. I don't want to wear leather clothes made of sheepskin in winter, long gowns made of kudzu vine, all precious leather clothes and veils in summer, so as not to let things outside interfere with my daily activities. When I am old, I have to take one or two yuan of ginseng to handle affairs every day. Think about the price of rice in my hometown, which is only four yuan per stone. If you take ginseng every day, the cost is equivalent to one stone or even two stones of rice. This is the property that one person can support 100 people. Is there anything more cruel than this? Is there anything more luxurious than this? The medicinal properties of ginseng were originally used to treat diseases, and it was only taken temporarily when it was needed to supplement blood gas. If every day is treated as an ordinary thing, how can this happen? Don't say that material resources are not allowed, even if they are allowed, they should not. Therefore, I deeply think that I should quit. If you are lucky enough to be allowed to retire, these two things will never go against you.
4. People in high places, places of humiliation, doors of jealousy, houses of resentment, places of interest, holes of anxiety, places of toil, places of slander and places of attack, were often discouraged by wise men in ancient times. There is honor and disgrace, there is gain and loss, there is progress and there is retreat, and there is intimacy and sparseness. If the income of Akiyama is included, the loss of two baht is not allowed. Is there such a truth in the world? However, there is no great blame on yourself, and outsiders ignore it. This is the most expensive way here.
Aristocracy is the object of criticism and accusation, the entrance of jealousy, the place where resentment arises, the portal where interests meet, the cave where troubles and troubles occur, the source of toil, the target of slander and ridicule, and the place where attacks and blows are made. In ancient times, wise people often balked at this. What's more, there must be humiliation when there is honor, loss when there is gain, retreat when there is progress, and alienation when there is affection.
If you only think about rich and important gains and can't tolerate a loss of one or two baht, how can there be such a truth in the world? As long as you don't make any big mistakes, you can be indifferent to outside criticism, jealousy, resentment, etc. This is the way to be in a high position.