1. Introduction of supply chain management system?

in the logistics system, with the flow process of logistics from raw material suppliers to final customers (of course, there is also a reverse logistics process), capital flow and information flow are accompanied. In the whole supply chain process, accurate identification of goods, services, suppliers, manufacturers, distributors, service providers and various physical locations such as shops and warehouses is the basis for effective information collection in the next step, which is very important for information processing and utilization in the next step.

there are several concepts of trade unit in supply chain, which are divided into consumption unit, storage and transportation unit and freight unit. Consumption unit and storage and transportation unit are divided into quantitative unit and variable unit. Supply chain logistics bar code is a bar code for identifying trade units, which is formulated by EAN (ean international) and UCC (United States Uniform Coding Committee). The supply chain management system includes commodity bar code (EAN/UPC), storage and transportation unit bar code (ITF-14) and trade unit 128 bar code (UCC? /EAN128), location code, etc. Several characteristics of supply chain logistics bar code are: the logo of trade unit is unique in the world; Used in the whole process of supply chain management; There are many information that can be expressed; Information variability; Maintainability.

2. Three core information technologies involved in the supply chain management system

1. Identification code (ID code): it is used to describe commodity information or as a keyword to obtain other data. Including the identification codes of goods, services, supply chain participants and relevant locations and assets.

2. barcode: it is a symbolic representation of the ID code, and is used for non-manual reading of the ID code and other data.

3. data communication: the process of electronic exchange of information among participants, that is, the exchange of data between trading partners, is what we call EDI.

Among them, the identification code is a keyword to describe commodity information or to obtain relevant information in other databases, and the barcode is a data carrier used to represent the identification code. Identification code and bar code are two different things, bar code is used to represent identification code, and supply chain management system is mainly used for machine reading. From the comparison chart of identification code structure and bar code symbol representation described later, we can see the comparison relationship between identification code and bar code symbol representation.

3. Supply chain management system? About the standard system of identification codes

This standard system mainly provides identification for the following contents: trading units, logistics units, locations/participants (physical, functional or legal entities that need permanent identification, such as a company, or a company's department, warehouse, etc.), assets and service relationships.

the application fields of EAN/UCC system promoted by ean international in the world are constantly expanding, including the service field. For example, in the medical and health field, EAN/UCC system is widely used. Packaging and transportation fields, textile fields are also used a lot; The application in library service relationship management, the identification of insurance companies to customers, and the supply chain management system are actually adopting such a global unified identification system. The following will introduce the identification of the above five contents in detail.

1. Identification of trading unit

(1) Definition of trading unit: A trading unit is a commodity (product or service) that needs to find its preset information and can be priced, ordered or opened at any point in the supply chain. Including a single commodity and its different types of packaging combinations.

(2) Classification of trade units: physical or non-physical (such as services); Open environment or limited area distribution; Quantitative unit and variable unit; Retail and non-retail; Books and periodicals; Single commodity and commodity combination.

(3) The basic principles for the coding of trade units are:

Uniqueness: each different trade unit should be assigned a unique global trade unit identification code (GTIN);

meaningless: except variable goods? The trade unit identification code does not contain any information about the unit it identifies. The information of the trade unit shall be notified to all trading partners;

supply chain management system? Persistence: If the identified unit has not changed, its identification code remains unchanged.

(4) the structure of trade unit identification code: the structure of trade unit code can be summarized into several structures as shown in the following figure (for the detailed structure, please refer to the national standard "Commodity Barcode" GB/T12914-1998 and "China Standard Book (ISBN) Part Barcode" GB/T12916-91, which have just been revised. Which EAN? /UCC-8 is suitable for identifying small units, and UCC-12 and UCC-8 are suitable for North America).

(5) Several common bar code symbol formats in logistics:

(6) Contrast relationship between identification code structure and bar code symbol representation:

2. Identification of logistics units (supply chain management system)

(1)? Definition of logistics unit: any kind of packaging unit established for transportation and/or storage, which needs to be managed through supply chain, such as pallets, barrels, crates, containers, etc.

(2) identification of logistics units: in order to realize effective tracking and efficient transportation of logistics units, each logistics unit must have a unique identification. All the necessary information can be obtained electronically through this logo.

(3) SSCC: Logistics units are identified by SSCC. All participants in the supply chain management system can use it to access the relevant information in the computer. ? The combination of SSCC, EDI and XML organically links the information flow and the goods flow, which can greatly improve the efficiency of cargo loading, transportation and receiving. SSCC is a meaningless, fixed-length 18-bit digital code, which does not contain classification information. The whole 18-bit code identifies a logistics unit. The code structure of SSCC is as follows:

Symbolic representation of SSCC: SSCC is represented by UCC/EAN-128 barcode and must be used together with the application identifier AI11.

(4) logistics label: the national standard is "logistics unit label" (GB/T? 18127-2111）。

the design of logistics label is divided into three parts:

(a)? Supply chain management system supplier section:

includes information determined by suppliers when packaging products, and may also include information such as product variant, production and packaging date, batch number, etc.

(b) Customer section of supply chain management system:

contains the information when the supplier processes the order. It can include the arrival place of the goods, the order number and the loading and unloading information of the goods. (c) Supply chain management system-carrier section:

contains information that appears when goods are shipped, especially information related to freight. Such as: the postal code and shipping code of the destination.

' s labeling standard is an open global standard, which provides an international solution for relevant companies in the supply chain to identify logistics units or unit groups. The SSCC part of the logistics label is mandatory and must be used together with the application identifier "11". Examples of logistics unit labels:

. Supply chain management system basic logistics unit labels?

logistics unit label including supplier and carrier sections

? Logistics unit label of supplier section containing linked data

Logistics unit label of supplier, customer and carrier section

(5) Location of label: a logistics unit usually needs two labels, and the two labels are preferably fixed on two adjacent sides. If the actual situation does not allow, each logistics unit must have at least one label.

Logistics unit with height less than 1m:

For cardboard boxes and other logistics units with height less than 1m, the bottom edge of SSCC in the label should be 32mm away from the bottom of the logistics unit, and the distance between the label and the vertical edge of the logistics unit should not be less than 19mm. If the logistics unit has used EAN-13, UPC-A, ITF-14 or Trade Unit 128 barcode symbols, the label shall be attached next to the above barcodes, and the original barcodes shall not be covered, and the same horizontal position shall be maintained.

Logistics units with a height of more than 1m:

For pallets and other logistics units with a height of more than 1m, the label should be located at a distance of 411mm to 811mm from the bottom of the logistics unit or the surface of the pallet, and the distance between the label and the sideline perpendicular to the bottom of the logistics unit should be greater than 51 mm..

(6) About the application model of supply chain management system: You can see whether it is fixed data or variable data according to actual needs. If the data is fixed, the coding of EAN/UPC commodity unit can be adopted; If it is used in the process of storage and transportation, the barcode of a storage and transportation unit such as SCC14 can be used. If the information is changed, it can be reflected by SSCC18 barcode whether it is the change of luggage level, pallet level or truck level. Using identifiers and then adding relevant information to form these information, the transmission process of these information is done through EDI, and of course it is also realized through e-commerce based on the Internet now.

barcode is a carrier carrying identification information, and the information it carries flows with the goods. This information can be collected at any point, and after the information is collected, it can also flow up and down in the supply chain. This is the identification of commodity units in the supply chain. As mentioned above, if it is a commodity with fixed data, it will use commodity barcode, such as EAN-13 barcode in the lower left picture; if it is a barcode of storage and transportation unit, such as the one in the upper right picture. ITF-14 barcode adopts the coding standard of storage and transportation unit. If you want to express other more logistics information, you can use UCC/EAN-128 bar code to realize it by applying identifiers.

You can refer to the relevant national standards. Although bar code is rarely used in logistics in China, it is actually the most widely used field. Everyone can see the logistics label with bar code logo on the packaging of goods from abroad. 3. location code

location code is a unique and accurate identification of legal entities, functional entities and physical entities in applications such as electronic data exchange and automatic data acquisition.

global location code is the key to access fixed data, which includes: name of participants, postal address, location type, region, telephone number, fax number, contact person and so on. Global location code can uniquely identify each participant in the world, and supply chain management system is the key to realize effective EDI and bar code application. Trading partners can exchange EDI messages, specify the information of logistics units and physical location marks, and realize the effective flow of logistics and information.

the coding structure of position code adopts EAN/UCC-13 code structure, and the symbol representation adopts UCC/EAN—? 128 bar code, see GB/T for details? 15425-94。

4. Identification of assets

Asset coding adopts EAN/UCC system for asset identification, which is used to identify and manage recyclable assets or individual assets.

every enterprise with an EAN/UCC vendor identification code can assign an asset identification code.

（1）? Identification of global recyclable assets

recyclable assets are valuable packaging or transportation equipment that can be reused by the supply chain management system, such as beer barrels, cylinders, plastic pallets or crates. ? The use of EAN/UCC global recyclable asset identifier realizes the tracking of assets and the recording of all relevant data.

for the management of this asset, because it flows around the world, it is very difficult for the supply chain management system to track and manage this asset without a global logo. Therefore, the use of EAN/UCC recyclable asset identifier realizes the global tracking of recyclable assets and the recording of all relevant data.

allocation of global recyclable asset identification:

●? Among them, the asset identification code is a mandatory item: a series of assets of the same kind should be assigned the same asset identification code.

●? The serial number is optional: it is assigned by the asset owner and represents a single asset with a given asset type code. This field is alphanumeric.

(2) Identification of global single assets

● In EAN/UCC system, a single asset is considered as a physical entity with any characteristics.

●? The typical application is to record the life cycle of aircraft parts. Assets can be tracked in the whole process from purchase to retirement.