Poyang Lake is an ancient faulted lake basin, which sank into a huge basin about 65.438+0.35 billion years ago, and accumulated water to form a lake six or seven thousand years ago. Due to the diversion of the Yangtze River and human activities in history, a large amount of sediment was deposited in the lake, which led to the continuous shrinkage of the lake. Poyang Lake collects water from five rivers, namely Jiangxi, Fuzhou, Wuxi, Guangxi and Xiushan, and then leaks into the mainstream of the Yangtze River. With the change of water quantity, Poyang Lake fluctuates greatly, which has the functions of natural regulation of water quantity and flood storage and detention.
Poyang Lake is 173 km long from north to south, 74 km wide from east to west, with an average width of 16.9 km and a coastline length of 1200 km, with a lake area of 3,283 square kilometers (the water level at the mouth of the lake is 2 1.7 1 m) and an average water depth of 8.4. After storage, it flows into the Yangtze River, the largest river in China, from Hukou, and the annual amount of water flowing into the Yangtze River exceeds the sum of the water of the Yellow River, Huaihe River and Haihe River. This is a seasonality and throughput lake. The water system area of Poyang Lake is162,200 km2, accounting for 97% of the basin area of Jiangxi Province and 9% of the basin area of the Yangtze River. Its annual runoff is152.5 billion cubic meters, accounting for 16.3% of the annual runoff in the Yangtze River Basin.
"The sun is about to set in the west, and Weishan Lake is quiet ..." Weishan Lake, which is famous for its beautiful scenery and beautiful scenery, integrates natural scenery and human landscape. In the late Shang Dynasty, Wei Zi took refuge in Tiger Island and was buried here, so he was known as Weishan Island, Weishan Lake and Weishan County.
Weishan Lake covers an area of 1.260 square kilometers, with a length of 1.50 kilometers from north to south and a width of 6-25 kilometers from east to west, with an average water depth of nearly 2 meters, a maximum water level of over 40 meters and a storage capacity of 6 billion cubic meters. The Beijing-Hangzhou ancient canal runs through the whole northern Hunan. The lakeside faces mountains in the east, plains in the west, fertile land in northern Jiangsu in the south, and the hometown of Confucius and Mencius in the north. Weishan Island, the fishing village on the lake, Liangzhu Tomb, Fuxi Mausoleum, Liuhe Spring and Flying Tigers Memorial Park ... are like pearls scattered in the lake.
On the clear water surface of Weishan Lake, sails are dotted and light waterfowl are dancing. /kloc-0.00 million mu of red-lotus cranes are competing to open in the green water and blue waves,/kloc-0.00 million mu of reeds are swaying in the wind among the five-color aquatic plants ... In a fishing village, you can weave nets and collect lotus with fishermen to fish; Landing on the island in the middle of the lake, you can taste the lotus root water chestnut and lake flavor in the ancient water town. Become a member of the Flying Tigers and listen to the legend of fishing villages; Be a Weishan Lakers for a day and wash away the dust on earth.
Weishan Lake, with a long history, beautiful scenery and simple fishing village style, welcomes visitors from all directions!
Taihu Lake Scenic Area is located in Suzhou City and Wuxi City, Jiangsu Province, covering an area of more than 2,000 square kilometers. It is the first batch of national key scenic spots announced by 1982.
Taihu Lake Scenic Area is famous for its 48 islands and 72 peaks. People say, "Taihu Lake is beautiful, and the beauty lies in its mountains and rivers". Here, mountains and rivers are combined, and the layers are rich, forming a natural picture of "Qingshan Lake outside the mountain, Dai Feng Congdong Spring". While enjoying the "delicious" scenery of Taihu Lake, you can also visit famous mountains and gardens in the south of the Yangtze River and explore history. The east, north, west coast and islands in Taihu Lake are the cradles of Wuyue culture. There are a large number of cultural relics here, such as Helucheng and Yuecheng ruins in the Spring and Autumn Period, the Grand Canal in the Song Dynasty, baodai bridge in the Tang Dynasty, Zijin Temple in the Song Dynasty, Tianchi Stone House in the Yuan Dynasty, Yangwan Street in the Ming Dynasty, Three Caves in Yixing, Sanshan Mountain in Wuxi, Dongting Mountain in Suzhou and many other famous temples, ancient temples and classical gardens. There are also legends and various relics of historical figures such as Fuxi, Wu Wang, Gou Jian, Sun Zi, Xiang Yu and Fan Zhongyan.
Ebinur Lake is located in the western edge of Gurbantunggut Desert in northern Xinjiang, which is the lowest water collection center in the southwest edge of Junggar Basin. As the lake area is shrinking year by year, and it is located in the downwind direction of Alashankou, a famous tuyere in Xinjiang, the exposed dry lake bottom of 1500 square kilometers has become the biggest dust source that harms northern Xinjiang. The reporter saw in the west of the lake that the soft sand on the lake bed was covered with mirabilite. With a slight wind, mirabilite dust and fine sand particles are lifted up with the wind.
Every time a strong wind sweeps over the dry bottom of Ebinur Lake, salt and dust will roll in an instant and the sky will be dark. Fields, houses, wires, etc. The place where the dust passes is covered with thick sand. Since the 1990s, the average floating dust weather in Jinghe County near Ebinur Lake has reached 1 12 days, which is nine times that in the 1960s, and the annual dustfall has reached 289 tons per square kilometer.
Li Xialing, an expert who has been engaged in the ecological problems of Ebinur Lake for a long time, said that the ecological deterioration of Ebinur Lake basin has actually become the second largest ecological problem that plagues Xinjiang. The decline of groundwater level caused by the drying up and shrinking of Ebinur Lake has greatly accelerated the desertification in the surrounding areas of the basin, with the desertification rate reaching 38 square kilometers per year.
According to experts' estimation, the dust and salt dust from the bottom of Ebinur Lake is as high as 4.8 million tons every year, which makes Urumqi, hundreds of kilometers away, also be attacked by dust storms.
Ebinur Lake used to be like an umbrella, maintaining the ecological balance of this area and even the whole northern Xinjiang. But now, the largest saltwater lake in Xinjiang has only 530 square kilometers left, and the large-scale shrinkage has caused sandstorms. The residents in the nearby area are miserable. Whenever it is windy, they take plastic bags out and cover their heads to prevent sandstorms. On windy days, "the wind blows stones and runs" can be seen everywhere.
It is understood that in Jinghe County near Ebinur Lake in recent ten years, desertified and alkalized grassland accounts for 70.2% of the county's available grassland area; It has caused huge losses to the local agriculture and animal husbandry. Not only that, the salt dust rolled up by the strong wind fell on the transmission lines, causing nearly 30 large-scale blackouts every year on average. The direct economic losses caused by sandstorms in Jinghe County alone exceed 50 million yuan each year, and the indirect losses amount to hundreds of millions of yuan.
The 3 12 national highway near Ebinur Lake has been diverted for three times due to wind erosion of subgrade, sand burying on pavement and other reasons. The Eurasian continental bridge passing through the west bank of Ebinur Lake 140 km section is often interrupted by the burying of railways by quicksand. The railway department said that the dust storm in Ebinur Lake has become the biggest threat to keep the second Eurasian continental bridge open. The reporter saw by the railway line near Ebinur Lake that the reed windbreak walls erected only a few months ago on both sides of the subgrade were either blown down or buried by yellow sand. A railway technician pointed to salons two or three meters high and said that every time a sandstorm comes, these salons will bury the railway line. Although huge windproof funds are invested every year, Sharon can't stop moving forward, and the losses caused by sandstorms to railway departments are more than 10 million yuan every year. At one time, the section of Eurasian Continental Bridge near Ebinur Lake was more than 10 kilometers, and it had to be rerouted because of too many sandstorms.
It is understood that 1 1 large rivers have been injected into Ebinur Lake in history, but at present, only Jinghe River and Bortala River have a large amount of water injected into the lake in autumn and winter, and many rivers such as Kuitun River have dried up due to excessive water use on both sides before being injected into the lake.
The ecological deterioration of Ebinur Lake Basin occurred under the historical background of large-scale reclamation since 1950s. In order to irrigate a large number of newly reclaimed farmland, large canals were built in the middle and upper reaches of the lake to divert water, while the cultivated land increased in a large area and the amount of water entering the lake decreased year by year.
The increase of cultivated land and oasis area has not improved the living environment of local people. On the contrary, the groundwater level in this arid area is decreasing year by year, sparse desert vegetation is dying in large numbers, the climate is getting drier and drier, and many places are no longer suitable for human habitation.
A series of negative effects have sounded the alarm for people. People have to face up to the nature that they once thought was defeated, and have to spend huge human and financial resources to make up for the predatory development in the past.
In view of the rapid deterioration of the surrounding ecological environment caused by the shrinking lake surface year by year, some ecological experts in Xinjiang have called for strengthening the unified management of water resources in Ebinur Lake basin and maintaining the existing lake area. In recent years, Xinjiang has successively implemented the main air duct regulation project of Ebinur Lake, the water-saving project in the lower reaches of two rivers (Jinghe River and Yanzi River) and the project of planting trees and grass, which has limited recovery of desert vegetation in this area and made it difficult to maintain the ecological environment of Ebinur Lake basin.
However, these measures can only alleviate the ecological deterioration trend of Ebinur Lake to a certain extent. Experts say that the excessive pursuit and development of water resources is the main reason for the ecological deterioration of Ebinur Lake Basin, but to solve the ecological problems of Ebinur Lake, it is not only to correctly handle the relationship between water and soil development and ecological protection, but also to correctly handle the relationship between economic construction and resource conservation. The key is to solve the problem of lake water replenishment. According to estimates, maintaining the current level of Ebinur Lake and wetland requires at least 800 million cubic meters of water, and the total water resources in this area can't meet the demand at all.
After years of research and experiments, most experts believe that it is necessary to ensure that the ecology of Ebinur Lake Basin is not
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