Experts have analyzed and predicted the development of China's science and technology, with the development of China's economy, social culture and science and technology, China's industrial institutions will undergo fundamental changes. In the next 10 years there is a greater potential for development of the industry and the urgent need for talent are: electronic technology, bio-engineering, aerospace technology, marine development and utilization, new energy, new materials, information technology, mechatronics, agricultural science and technology, environmental protection technology, bio-engineering research and development, industry and commerce and international trade and economic cooperation, lawyers, etc.
The talents.
In the next 10 years, China's science and technology in the field of significant development potential are:
(1), biotechnology. Biotechnology is mainly genetic engineering, protein synthesis engineering and the development of biological products as the core of the research field, will have a significant impact on the development of human society in the twenty-first world. The development of biotechnology will enable mankind to fundamentally solve the diseases that threaten mankind, improve human production, life, and even the fate of mankind in the future.
(2), information technology-led high technology, the main technologies in this field include computer and Internet technology, artificial intelligence technology and so on. In the two-year period from 1998 to 2000, computer technology and international Internet technology have been developed rapidly in countries all over the world, and companies and enterprises dominated by these technologies have seen rapid development of their technologies and assets in this two-year period, and the prices of NASDAQ stocks and computer and Internet stocks in the United States, which represent the development of high technology, have risen exponentially, and the Internet stocks and stocks engaged in Hong Kong and China have also risen sharply. Hong Kong and domestic Internet stocks and stocks engaged in computer production and operation have also risen substantially. Despite the fact that stocks representing computer and Internet technologies have fallen back substantially from the second half of 2000 to the present. However, from the future development trend of information technology, information technology in the field of science and technology in the future will continue to develop rapidly, and gradually will be the current knowledge-based economy in the existence of the "bubble" continue to calm, so that information technology to truly guide the world's economic and technological development of the trend.
(3), the field of new materials science. Materials science is closely related to people's daily life and the development of science and technology in the field of applied science. Human production and life need a variety of special high-performance materials, such as industrial and high-tech fields need a variety of alloy materials, superconducting materials, semiconductor materials used to manufacture a variety of chips, life in a variety of polymer synthetic materials (for clothing, detergents, beauty and health care products, etc.), and has recently become a hot spot of new materials technology nanotechnology, the development of science and technology of these new materials to bring the development of high-tech products. These new materials science and technology development brings high technology products, which bring convenience to human life and improve the quality and efficiency of human life. In the future development, new materials science will still become the leading field of science and technology development.
(4), new energy and corresponding technology development field. As traditional energy sources such as oil, natural gas, coal and carbon energy exhausted, and human production and life of the leading energy sources are still these energy sources, human beings will not be able to survive. In the future development, human beings must look for new energy sources to replace these soon-to-be-exhausted energy sources. Among them, nuclear fusion energy, solar energy, ocean energy, wind energy and hydropower energy will become the dominant field of energy development in the future, and on the basis of which, new energy sources will be searched and developed.
(5), space technology. The twenty-first century will be the era of human development of outer space, the development of space technology will provide technical means for human development and utilization of space resources. With the development of science and technology, mankind's use of space is also more and more, the efficiency is also constantly improving, such as all over the Earth's outer space for communications, military, geographic remote sensing, weather observation, astronomical observation and other areas of various satellites, used to do all kinds of material synthesis experiments, scientific experiments and space transit station space station, space exploration of space outside the Earth's spacecraft, and so on. In the future, mankind will further develop space. Such as the establishment of solar energy space power station, the establishment of human habitation in space space city, the development of outer space planets, natural satellites, asteroids and other celestial bodies on the mineral resources and energy, etc., all of which require advanced technology support in space.
(6), marine technology and marine resources development. Marine resources are an important resource base on which mankind depends for its survival, it is an important source of food and raw materials for mankind, and the current development of marine resources by mankind is very limited, and the rational development and utilization of marine resources will have an important impact on the development of human socio-economic and technological development.
Experts predict that the above six fields of technology in the future development of society can form nine major science and technology industries, which include: bioengineering industry, biomedical industry, optoelectronic information industry, intelligent machinery industry, software industry, new materials development and manufacturing industry, nuclear energy and solar energy and other new energy development industry, space technology and development industry, marine technology and development industry.
The leading occupations in Chinese society in the 21st century
China's personnel management organizations have analyzed and predicted the urgent need for talents in China's future based on the relevant statistics of various professional associations across the country. The results of the analysis concluded that the leading occupations in China's future century include: accounting, computers, software development, environmental protection, health and health care medicine, consulting services, insurance, law, geriatrics, services, public relations and services, marketing, life sciences, counseling and social work, tourism management and services, human resources management and other sixteen industries. The basic situation of these sixteen occupations and related professions are as follows:
(1), accounting occupations. With the development of social economy and standardization of financial management, the community in the various enterprises and institutions of the demand for accounting has greatly increased, accounting will also become a popular profession in various industries, social status and income is also higher. Practitioners in this industry should have assistant accountant, accountant and senior accountant and other different titles or professional qualifications certified professionals, generally need to have accounting, finance and economics, statistics and other professional education or degree, and through the national qualification examination for accountants of all levels, to achieve the accountant on the various qualifications.
(2), computer technology class. With the development and wide application of computer technology, computer hardware, software development, application and maintenance has become an important part of the work of various industries in the community, and configure some computer technicians to engage in computer hardware and software aspects of the installation, debugging and maintenance work. Therefore, in various industries (such as banks, hospitals, government departments, enterprises, etc.) on the computer technology professionals in the demand for more and more, the treatment is also relatively generous, these industries need professionals, including computer hardware engineers, programmers, network administrators, system maintenance specialists, and database management personnel, etc., these professionals are generally required to obtain a computer, information technology, electronic technology, or These professionals are generally required to obtain a degree in computer science, information technology, electronics or related fields.
3, computer software development. The popularization of computer technology to promote the rapid development of the computer software industry, software development has become an important area of development of the computer industry, software design experts to become a software development industry popular talents. Software development experts are mainly engaged in operating systems, development tools, application software and other computer software development work, requires a computer software or related professional or degree, and has a certain amount of software development experience. This occupation will become a highly skilled and highly paid occupation in the society for quite a long time to come.
(4), environmental protection category. With the aggravation of environmental pollution and national and public awareness of environmental protection, social demand for environmental protection professionals will be a straight upward trend. Environmental protection specifically includes environmental monitoring, environmental quality assessment, environmental governance (environmental engineering), and environmental health and other aspects of work, environmental science, geography, biology, environmental chemistry, environmental engineering and other professionals.
(5), Chinese medicine and health medicine. Since the reform and opening up, China's per capita income and living standards have increased substantially, people are also increasingly concerned about their state of life and health, health medicine also came into being, the market for medical health care products is also getting bigger and bigger, traditional Chinese medicine and health medicine has become a field of public concern. As Western medicine is not very effective in treating some difficult diseases, Chinese medicine is unique in its evidence-based and holistic treatment, and it is closely related to today's biopharmaceutical field. As a result, there will be a gradual increase in the demand for Chinese medicine practitioners and healthcare professionals in the community. Usually, practitioners in this field are required to obtain a degree or diploma in biomedical or Chinese medicine.
(6) Consulting services. Today's society is a society of information expansion, access to information has become a key link in the development of science and technology and business operations. The refinement and specialization of the social division of labor has promoted the development of information consulting and related consulting industry, and has become a leading occupation in the development and progress of society. At present, the consulting industry in society has enterprise consulting, psychological consulting, information consulting (including a variety of information services consulting), education consulting and so on. Engaging in the counseling industry requires a degree or diploma in education, psychology, management, information science, economics, and so on.
(7) Insurance. Changes in the socio-economic structure and a variety of unforeseen factors to people's work and life added a lot of uncertainty, which requires a sound social security system, the social security system continues to improve to promote the development of the insurance industry, the development of the insurance industry will be people's lives in the uncertainty caused by the loss of the minimum. Society's need for insurance salespersons, managers, actuaries and claims estimators is also increasing, and their remuneration is higher than that of ordinary professions. Those generally engaged in the insurance industry need to have a degree or diploma in insurance, finance, economics, or management.
(8) Legal. With the development and progress of society, laws and regulations are also constantly sound and perfect, the state promulgated a variety of laws and regulations will be more and more, more and more detailed, the general public of the many legal provisions is impossible to understand clearly, engaged in the work of the judiciary, government agencies (such as the court, the Procuratorate) also need high-quality, highly educated legal professionals. At the same time, in order to better carry out legal counseling and deal with a variety of criminal and civil cases, lawyers will be in increasing demand in society, the lawyer profession will become a high intellectual and high social status and high income occupation. The practice of law requires a degree or diploma in law or any other field of specialization and a state certificate of competence as a lawyer.
(9) Geriatrics. The aging of the population is a serious problem facing the world and our country. With this comes a series of social problems such as medical care, social security, psychological problems of the elderly, how to solve the needs of such a large group of the above aspects has become an important and urgent problem. Among them, medical and health care for the elderly is one of the most prominent problems, and the social demand for careers in geriatrics will be greatly increased. Society will be in urgent need of professionals in medicine, geriatrics, health care and nursing who are engaged in the medical care of the elderly. Such a large social demand will also bring lucrative economic rewards to practitioners in this industry, and will also contribute to the physical and mental health of the elderly.
(10), family care and service category. The accelerated pace of social life and work has increased the pressure on family members. Taking care of the sick, the elderly and children has become a heavy burden for young and middle-aged parents, and the demand for home care has greatly increased as a result. The relevant popular talents are kindergarten teachers and family service workers, who usually do not require very high academic qualifications. However, for managers in this sector, specialists with degrees or diplomas in social services, management studies, etc. are needed.
(11) Professional public relations category. Public relations and corporate image design for the development of a company or enterprise is most important, the public relations industry has become a very promising career, the practitioners of this occupation generally need to obtain a degree in public **** relations, social services, economics and trade, management, and have relevant work experience.
(12), marketing. Marketing is very important to the enterprise product sales public relations is a very important part of the development of today's and tomorrow's society, the establishment of independent underwriters and sales networks of products will become the main form of business operations. These underwriters and sales networks are responsible for both advertising and corresponding technical or sales services for the company. The securities and financial industry, communications, medical equipment, computer and network equipment, general business organizations (such as shopping malls) and other enterprises or companies to deal with goods or a product of the enterprise or company in need of marketing personnel. People engaged in this area generally need to have a marketing, management, economics, majoring in education or degree.
(13), biochemistry and biotechnology. Biochemistry and biotechnology is a popular field of scientific research and biotechnology development in recent years, the field of biopharmaceuticals, health care products development, the development of drugs for the treatment of difficult diseases, the synthesis of artificial proteins and so on, there is a huge potential for development. Current new drugs are importantly developed by biochemists and biotechnologists and play a major role in the treatment and prevention of diseases. Practitioners in this field are generally required to have a degree in biochemistry, biotechnology, biomedical sciences, molecular biology, etc.
(14), psychology class. China has listed psychology as one of the dozen disciplines that will be the focus of development in the twenty-first century. Since 1997, the Ministry of Education of the State in Beijing Normal University, Zhejiang University, East China Normal University and other key institutions to establish a base for training personnel in basic research in the science of psychology. Since then, the national investment in the field of psychology has been increasing year by year, and psychological science has gradually become a specialty of national and social concern, and the demand for it in various industries in the society has been increasing. Such as engaged in market research, human resource development, psychological counseling and psychotherapy, correction of learning disabilities, education, psychological research, human-computer interaction research and so on all need a large number of psychological personnel. In China, psychology, as an emerging discipline, has also been widely noticed and emphasized by national government departments and various social sectors, and has been widely applied in various fields of the society. Careers in psychology require a degree in psychology or applied psychology.
(15) Tourism. Improvements in people's income and quality of life have led to a gradual increase in the economic and time commitment to outdoor recreation, leisure and tourism activities, and have contributed to the rapid development of the tourism industry. Tourism is a small investment in high yield industry, to obtain the more lucrative, in the 21st century tourism will develop rapidly. People's consumption in tourism will also increase dramatically, and then the demand for travel agencies will also increase dramatically, but also will lead to the rapid development of related industries. Such as airlines, cab companies, passenger ship companies, business, hotels and restaurants. The development of tourism will promote the overall development of the social economy, tourism will also become one of the key industries developed by the state. Practitioners in this occupation are generally required to have a degree or qualification in tourism management or management, geography or a related field.
16, human resources category. Future social competition is the competition of talent, who has the talent who will have a foothold in the fierce competition. In recent years, both government agencies and enterprises have established personnel agencies or human resources departments specializing in recruiting talents. Its function is no longer the traditional talent file management, its main function is to recruit and train employees, so that people make the best use of their talents, make the best use of things, maximize the development of human resources potential, to create the maximum economic and social benefits. Human resource management is therefore doubly important to enterprises and institutions, and has become an important function of government agencies and enterprises. Such as the State Ministry of Personnel Examination Center has special responsibility for civil servants and enterprise force resource development center, in the domestic enterprises and institutions of talent selection and placement has done a lot of work, the development of a series of talent selection tools. In the domestic emerging large enterprises and foreign large companies also have a specialized human resources department, responsible for enterprise and company talent selection at all levels and staff training. For example, domestic Beifang Founder and Lenovo, foreign IBM, NOKIE, MOTOROLA and other famous companies have specialized human resources departments and human resources experts. In the future development of society, the demand for human resource specialists will also increase. Careers in this area require a degree or diploma in human resource management, psychology, management and other areas.
China's Most Promising Industries in the 21st Century
According to sociologists' and economists' predictions, as China's market economy develops and its economic structure is adjusted, the status of various industries in social development and their potential for development are also changing. Increased social demand for certain industries has promoted the flourishing of these industries and made them the leading industries for future social development. According to the predictions of relevant experts, the 21st century huge development potential of the industry are:
1, network information consulting and service industry. Today's era is an information age, the development of information network technology makes people rely more and more on network information, network information services have also become an important industry in society. This industry includes online shopping, business information services, advertising media services, technical information consulting and services and so on.
2, real estate development industry. With the reform of housing policy and the commercialization of housing, real estate development industry has become a thriving industry, the purchase of housing has become a top priority for every family, real estate development industry is also facing unlimited business opportunities, and therefore led to the rapid development of real estate development, consulting, sales business, property management, rental, second-hand transfer of the industry. Real estate development has a huge market, also has a high profit report, therefore, become the favor of many real estate investors.
3, social insurance industry. With the country's economic progress and social security system continues to improve, people's awareness of safety and security also continues to improve, insurance awareness is getting stronger and stronger. For the average family, are aware of spend a small amount of investment to ensure that family finances and members of the life and property safety. As a result, the insurance industry is also increasingly valued by people.
4, the family car manufacturing industry. The rapid development of the country's economy and the continuous improvement of people's material life, the family's demand for automobiles is also a rising trend, personal demand for family cars will continue to rise in the future for a long time, to the family car manufacturing industry to bring unprecedented opportunities, businesses will also be from which to get a good profit. At the same time, the development of the family car market will also drive the development of auto parts, maintenance and related technical products and other industries.
5, postal and telecommunications industry. In today's fast-paced high-efficiency era, people on the information transfer fast-connectivity, synchronization requirements are getting higher and higher demand for related communications products (such as telephones, cell phones, fax machines) and communications services are also getting higher and higher, China's per capita ownership of telephones and cell phones is far lower than the world's average, the development of China's communications market has great potential, which will bring new opportunities and lucrative profits to the communications industry.
6, the elderly medical care industry. Experts predict that by the year 2000, China's elderly population will reach 130 million people, and China has entered the aging society. The increase in the proportion of the elderly brings a lot of medical, health care, community services and other aspects of the increased demand. Therefore, engaged in the elderly maintenance products, medicines, necessities of life, community services, etc. will have great prospects for development, and form a unique industry.
7, women and children's products industry. With the improvement of people's quality of life requirements, especially women and children on clothing, cosmetics, detergents and some of the necessities of her (his) life demand is also growing. The investment in these supplies is also relatively high, and drive the rapid development of related industries, in the future development of society, this industry still has great potential for development.
8, tourism and leisure and related industries. The improvement of people's living standards and the increase in the number of holidays, travel and leisure has become a very common thing in people's lives. There are more and more opportunities for people to travel and leisure, which not only drives the development of tourism, but also substitutes for the prosperous development of the service industry, sports products, stadiums, travel agencies, tourism products and other industries, forming a powerful industry that promotes economic development.
9, construction and decoration industry. The commercialization of residential housing in domestic cities has led to the development of the decoration industry, interior decoration products and decoration contracting industry has become a lucrative industry. According to the relevant departments of the statistics show that the current urban residents to renovate the housing investment ranging from about 2-5 million yuan, and promote the development of decorative materials industry.
10, catering, entertainment and services. The accelerated pace of social life has increased the demand for fast food industry. Although the foreign western-style fast food industry is developing rapidly in China, the western-style fast food industry is more for the children's market. For Chinese people, they are more accustomed to Chinese-style fast food, so the Chinese fast food industry will occupy an important position in the future development of society.