1. At present, except for a few villages (mainly provincial health villages) that adopt simple landfill, most rural garbage is piled up everywhere, and the main dumping points are "six sides": roadside, riverside, village side, field side, pond side and house side; The industrial wastes of some township enterprises are randomly dumped near factories and enterprises.
2. At present, domestic toilets, septic tanks in public toilets and three-format inverted septic tanks are basically used for rural manure treatment, which are mainly discharged naturally after overflow. Because some septic tanks were not built according to the requirements of harmlessness (three formats), the original septic tanks were built according to two formats or one format, and were directly discharged into rivers and fields without real harmlessness treatment. However, there are still a few open septic tanks, and some feces have not been treated harmlessly.
3. In recent years, the pollution caused by disorderly management of rural aquaculture is also very serious. On the one hand, farmers' awareness of environmental protection is poor, and livestock manure and urine are directly discharged into rivers or piled up on the roadside without any treatment to pollute the environment; On the other hand, most farmers lack the measures of harmless treatment of livestock manure, and need to use advanced harmless treatment methods, which are costly and unbearable for farmers.
4. The treatment of domestic garbage and feces in rural areas is seriously lagging behind.
Although all parts of our country have formulated the professional planning of environmental sanitation, the management function has not been extended, and the planning of environmental sanitation specialty in villages and towns is not very detailed and thorough. According to the requirements of national environmental protection, the operation and treatment of rural garbage should be integrated with urban and rural areas, that is, group cleaning, village collection, town compression operation, and unified landfill, incineration or garbage resource treatment in counties (cities). Due to the relatively backward construction of rural sanitation infrastructure, the problem of dirty, chaotic and poor rural environment has become increasingly prominent, which has become one of the main problems in urban and rural sanitation management and one of the main contradictions affecting the coordinated development of urban and rural areas.
(B), the harm of garbage pollution to the environment
Impact of 1. on soil environment. If rural domestic garbage is not used and piled up in the open air at will, it will not only occupy a certain amount of land, but also reduce the available land resources and easily pollute the soil environment. Residual toxic substances are not only difficult to volatilize and degrade in the soil, but also can kill microorganisms in the soil, destroy the decomposition ability of the soil, change the nature and structure of the soil, and hinder the growth and development of plant roots. The "white" garbage remains in the soil for a long time and is not easy to degrade, which seriously affects the growth of crops and leads to the reduction of grain production.
2. Causing serious damage to water resources.
With the development of economy and the increase of the total population in China, coupled with the characteristics of scattered living in rural areas, rural domestic garbage has become an important source of environmental pollution. Rural residents are highly dependent on washing powder and plastic products in their daily lives, and a lot of pollution caused by these daily necessities cannot be effectively treated and discharged. In addition, the recycling rate of waste in rural areas is extremely low, and the residual plastic film and plastic garbage take a long time to degrade due to their natural conditions, which has a long-term impact on the environment. Therefore, the pollution caused by daily necessities will not be eradicated, and it will become serious domestic wastewater if it is not treated in time or improperly. At present, there are still some problems in rural drinking water in China, such as excessive fluoride and arsenic, excessive iron and manganese, bitter and salty.
3. There are hidden dangers of spreading diseases.
Rural domestic garbage makes well water green and river water smelly, which makes the number of patients in rural areas soar in recent years. It is either a sudden heart attack or a sudden cerebral hemorrhage, and you often get some inexplicable strange diseases. Even if it is transferred to the garbage dump, because the composition of domestic garbage is quite complex, it has not been classified, treated or even landfilled, and the waste gas and pollution discharged by it pose a threat to the life and health of farmers along the transportation line or near the garbage dump.
(iii) Suggestions for solving problems
First, do a good job in publicity and education, guide farmers to change their bad habits through environmental protection and popular science propaganda, establish a sense of civilized life, and strive to be a promoter of environmental protection;
Second, it is necessary to strengthen management, establish a fixed garbage disposal site, let farmers regularly put garbage at fixed points, arrange special personnel to regularly remove it, and improve the collection rate, removal rate and treatment rate of rural garbage;
Third, it is necessary to strengthen supervision and punishment, formulate rural rules and regulations, and form a supervision mechanism for environmental protection. Relevant departments should regularly inspect, criticize and educate farmers who litter and pollute the living environment, make rectification within a time limit, and impose penalties in accordance with relevant regulations to create a good atmosphere of "glorious environmental protection and shameful environmental pollution".
Fourthly, it is suggested that the government set up special funds to invest in rural areas in stages, gradually solve the problem of insufficient funds for rural garbage disposal, solve the cost of manpower, equipment and facilities in the process of centralized transfer and disposal of rural garbage, and end the history of unmanned management of rural garbage as soon as possible.
Fifth, conscientiously implement China's current law on the prevention and control of environmental pollution by solid waste. The law stipulates that "the specific measures for the prevention and control of environmental pollution by rural domestic garbage shall be stipulated by local laws and regulations", and towns and administrative villages shall follow the principle of "whoever produces garbage shall be responsible" and formulate corresponding measures for garbage collection, storage, utilization and recycling.
Sixth, pay close attention to the operation mechanism and clean up the garbage. On the one hand, the government should clarify the principle of "whoever invests will benefit". Give full play to the basic role of the market in allocating resources, broaden investment and financing channels, improve the investment and financing environment, implement open market operation, and encourage private investment to intervene in the construction and operation of garbage disposal facilities; On the other hand, we should also embody the principle of "whoever pollutes should be treated". The government should introduce relevant policies, gradually implement the charging system of domestic and production garbage in various places, and clarify the related matters of garbage charging, so as to effectively reduce garbage and make up for the lack of financial input.