Coal mine is a big energy consumer, and energy consumption occupies a very important position in the process of coal mine construction and production. However, China has a large population and is seriously short of energy and other natural resources. Rational and economical use of energy is not only an economic issue, but also an important strategic issue. Therefore, saving energy consumption and using energy effectively in the process of coal mine construction and production is not only an inevitable choice to solve the short-term energy supply shortage, but also a long-term strategic choice to provide energy security for building a well-off society in an all-round way and realizing modernization.

Energy-saving and consumption reduction in coal mines means that in the process of coal mine construction and production, relying on scientific and technological progress, according to the specific geological and mining conditions, starting from the actual situation of enterprises, their own benefits and the long-term potential of environmental benefits, appropriate new technologies, new materials, new processes and new equipment are adopted to reduce the consumption of raw materials and strengthen production management, thus achieving more significant energy-saving effects.

1 Scientific construction, optimization of production system and reasonable selection of coal mining methods and technologies.

In mine construction, it can effectively save energy by selecting advanced and reasonable construction methods and techniques suitable for the geological conditions of the mine field, optimizing the starting sequence of the project and coordinating the relationship between temporary projects and permanent projects. Energy is consumed all the time in the production process after the completion of the mine. Whether the production system is simple and reliable, and the number of production links directly determines the energy saving of the production system. Therefore, it is also an important measure to optimize the production system to make it run efficiently. Energy-saving coal mining methods and technologies should be: high recovery rate in mining area and working face, high recovery efficiency, simple technology, low power and material consumption, low roadway drivage rate and so on. [ 1]

Xiangshui Coal Mine of Guizhou Pannan Company, a national key construction project, attaches great importance to coal mine energy saving, and has always built the coal mine into a safe, environmentally friendly and energy-saving modern mine in accordance with the standards and requirements of national environmental protection regulations and environmental protection reports. [2] Xiangshui Coal Mine has adopted some effective energy-saving methods in mine construction and underground mining.

1 and 1 changed the main adit stratum from coal measures stratum to basalt stratum, and the construction progress was increased from 60 ~ 120m/ month to 220 ~ 260m/ month, which greatly shortened the well construction period and reduced a lot of roadway maintenance workload in the later period.

1 2 simplifies the layout of underground roadway, reduces production links, has simple initial system, occupies less electromechanical equipment, is safe and reliable, and has low energy consumption. For projects that do not affect the integrity of the system and are not needed at the initial stage, when necessary, the initial roadway excavation can be reduced by 1.569 and 4m, and the initial investment can be reduced by 1.030 and 30,000 yuan.

Hexi mining area 1 3 bench face. There is no vertical arrangement between the working face and the shaft in Hexi mining area. If the mining is stopped when the working face is at a certain distance from the shaft according to the conventional mining method, then the mining will move, resulting in "triangle coal loss". In order to improve the recovery rate of resources and prolong the service life of the mine, the working face adopts step mining, that is, when the working face is at a certain distance from the wellbore, the reconstruction lane is dug and connected with the working face, and then the working face shrinks to the reconstruction lane to continue to advance. After the implementation of this measure, nearly 70,000 tons of coal were mined in W 133 working face alone.

2 mine power supply and distribution system energy saving

Electricity is the main energy source of coal mines, and electricity saving is an important link and main direction to reduce the total energy consumption of coal mines. In order to meet the needs of normal production and domestic electricity consumption and save electricity, it is necessary to strengthen the basic management of electric energy, popularize and apply energy-saving products, and make the power supply scientific and the production process scientific. Among them, the energy saving of mine power supply and distribution system is the most direct and effective energy saving. The mine has taken the following measures:

2. 1 The mine will build1135/ 10kV substation at the main site, 35/10kV substation at the soil sowing site and10kv substation at the Hexi site; Low-loss products are selected for the main transformer and transformers in the upper and lower substations to reduce power loss.

2. Electrostatic capacitance compensation devices are installed in mine substations at all levels to improve power factor and reduce reactive power loss; The distribution system should be arranged reasonably, and the upper and lower substations should be as close to the load center as possible to reduce the power loss of the line.

2.3. In order to reduce the line loss and voltage drop, the conductor section of the ground distribution line should be reasonably increased, and the line should be selected according to the economic current density. Energy-saving lamps are used for above-ground and underground lighting; Lighting in public places is equipped with photoelectric or timing automatic control devices to save electricity.

3 optimization of coal mine equipment

The total electricity consumption of large-scale equipment in coal mines accounts for about 30% of the mine electricity consumption, and the electricity expenditure of coal mines accounts for a considerable proportion of the total expenditure of the whole mine. Reasonable selection and use of them is one of the important measures to save energy in coal mine production. The general principles of coal mine main equipment selection are: advanced technology, reliable system, high efficiency and reasonable working conditions. [1] Xiangshui Coal Mine has taken the following energy-saving measures in coal mine equipment selection:

3. 1 In terms of mine ventilation equipment, after comparison and selection of multiple schemes, BDK-8-29 pairs of cyclones are selected in soil sowing area and BDK-8-25 pairs of cyclones are selected in Hexi area, with stepless adjustment of blade angle and convenient adjustment of working point, and the efficiency is as high as 7 1 ~ 85%. The power consumption is 0,362 ~ 0,425 kWh/mm3pa, which is lower than the stipulated 0,44 kWh/mm3pa.

3.2 In order to facilitate the mining of the middle coal group and establish contact with it, the main inclined shaft in Hexi mining area is designed to be tied to the vicinity of the middle coal group from the wellhead at- 16, and laid along the upper coal group after passing through the upper coal group with a horizontal crosscut. The original design required two belt conveyors for relay transportation. After comparative analysis, it is decided to use a belt to get out of the well. According to this requirement, the belt conveyor manufacturer added a set of guide roller and tensioning device at the slope changing position, which realized the goal of one belt going out of the well, which not only simplified the system, but also saved power consumption and personnel.

4 ground building energy saving

In China, according to statistics, building energy consumption has accounted for 20% ~ 25% of the total social energy consumption, and with the advancement of urbanization in China, this proportion is gradually increasing. Implementing energy-saving measures for ground buildings in coal mines will effectively improve the efficiency of social energy utilization and the economic benefits of enterprises themselves. Xiangshui coal mine pays attention to energy saving of ground buildings;

4. 1 According to the geographical location, climatic conditions and topographic conditions, as well as the requirements of buildings for sunshine and ventilation, choose the favorable orientation of buildings, adopt reasonable spacing and group combination, actively use solar energy and save energy.

4. The area where Building No.2 is located shall adopt joint centralized layout as far as possible; In the joint building, natural lighting and natural ventilation should be considered as much as possible. For the parts that need to dissipate heat and eliminate harmful gases, measures such as gas buildings and high windows can be adopted to improve natural ventilation and natural lighting conditions, which is conducive to saving energy.

4.3 Take measures such as reducing the building shape coefficient, such as reducing the external walls, increasing the number of floors, reasonably increasing the depth, and controlling the area ratio of window to wall, so as to achieve the purpose of energy saving.

4. The enclosure structure includes walls, doors and windows, roofs, etc. Its heat loss accounts for 80% of the total building heat consumption, which is an important factor directly affecting the thermal insulation effect of buildings. In the selection of building materials and the determination of their thickness, it is determined according to the requirements of thermal insulation; Roofing insulation should not use materials with high density, high thermal conductivity and high water absorption.

5 Water supply and drainage, HVAC, environmental protection and energy saving

5. 1 Water supply system and water supply and drainage equipment supply water by quality and pressure according to the different requirements of water points in Xiangshui Coal Mine industrial site. Fire grouting water requires high pressure, and a separate booster pump is set to supply water directly; The treated mine water directly flows into the fire sprinkler pool; Domestic water is uniformly supplied by variable frequency speed regulating water pump, which can save the annual operation cost of equipment.

The water pump needed in mine is a new type of high efficiency water pump. The suction pipe of the water pump adopts pressure water inlet, which not only saves the bottom valve with high resistance, but also ensures the reliability of water supply. The check valve adopts a new type of energy-saving slow-closing check valve, which has small resistance and can reduce the water hammer pressure. The pipeline adopts corrosion-resistant and low-cost water supply cast iron pipe; The pipeline velocity adopts economic velocity.

5, 2 heating system and equipment All buildings in the mine industrial site adopt hot water central heating. Outdoor thermal pipelines and other equipment use thermal insulation materials with low thermal conductivity and good thermal insulation performance. Products with low coal consumption and high thermal efficiency are selected for the hot water boiler; The heat exchange equipment shall be a heat exchange unit with high thermal efficiency. It is also necessary to choose the pump that makes it run in the best working condition range and the pipeline with the flow rate within the economic flow range.

5.3 The environmental protection project adopts an optimized scheme for the prevention and control of various pollutants, and adheres to the principle of comprehensive utilization, turning harm into benefit and turning waste into treasure. Adopt low-energy treatment process to treat wastewater and waste gas, and recycle it as much as possible. Because the underground drainage water quality of Xiangshui Coal Mine is good, it is discharged to the surface mine water treatment station as industrial water for grouting, fire prevention, fire sprinkler, power plant and so on. Domestic sewage is used for farmland irrigation after treatment; Coal gangue discharged from underground is used to make coal gangue bricks.

6 conclusion

Coal accounts for 76% of China's energy. It is the unshirkable responsibility of coal mining enterprises to save energy and reduce consumption if coal mines want to develop continuously and healthily. In order to improve the understanding of energy saving and consumption reduction, coal mining enterprises need to adopt advanced and reasonable engineering construction methods and techniques, adopt efficient coal mining methods, select advanced and efficient mechanical and electrical equipment, scientifically supply and distribute electricity, strengthen internal management of enterprises, speed up technological innovation and technological innovation, reduce material and energy consumption in all aspects of production, and make full use of discharged mine water and coal gangue to achieve the goal of energy saving and consumption reduction in coal mining enterprises. Only by saving energy and reducing consumption can we reduce the production cost of coal mines, achieve real high efficiency and ensure the healthy, orderly and stable development of coal mines.

References:

[1] Yan Xianhong, Energy Saving and Emission Reduction Measures in Coal Mine Design, Construction and Production [J], Coal Engineering, No.7, 2008.

[2] Li, Yu, Zhang Meirun, Zhao Qingping, Song. Eco-environmental Protection in Xiangshui Coal Mine Development [J], Coal Engineering, No.5, 2009.

[3] An Wenping, Power Saving of Main Equipment in Coal Mine [J], Shanxi Energy and Energy Conservation, 1, 2004.

[4] Ding, investigation and analysis of coal mine energy consumption and energy-saving measures [J], Coal Technology, No.3, 20 10.

[5] Hao Mingkui, Problems and Countermeasures of Energy Saving and Emission Reduction in Pangzhuang Coal Mine [J], Energy Technology and Management, No.5, 2009.

[6] Bao Jianxing, investigation and countermeasure research on energy saving and emission reduction in Longdong Coal Mine [J], Energy Technology and Management, No.5, 2009.

[7] Pu Shitong, some practices of energy saving and emission reduction in Tianba Coal Mine [J], Yunnan Coal, No.4, 2009.

[8] Guo Jia, Talking about Coal Mine Energy Saving [J] and Clean Coal Technology, No.3, 2006.

Enterprise Energy Saving and Consumption Reduction Scheme (II)

In recent years, energy shortage and environmental degradation have become the focus of global attention. Although China is vast and rich in natural resources, its energy supply is still very tight. Although there are reasons for high energy consumption caused by waste and accelerated industrialization, it is more due to unscientific and unreasonable economic structure, extensive economic management of enterprises and extensive economic growth mode. In the past few years, in our country, in order to maximize the profits of enterprises, enterprises ignored the impact of energy-consuming production on environmental pollution, which caused great pollution to our living environment. In order to protect our living environment, environmental protection is required in the Twelfth Five-Year Plan. More and more attention has been paid to energy saving and consumption reduction of enterprises, which has become an inevitable choice for China to cope with resource shortage and environmental pressure in the process of economic development.

First, the main characteristics of enterprises to implement energy saving and consumption reduction work

1, the limit of maximizing benefits. Enterprises are often strongly driven by profit motive in their economic activities. When making economic decisions, more consideration is given to the principle of seeking advantages and avoiding disadvantages, and it is carried out around the cost-benefit analysis. Therefore, because all business activities of enterprises are based on profit, most enterprises insist on profit maximization in the face of energy saving and consumption reduction. As long as they are profitable, enterprises will consciously do this well, and implementing energy saving and emission reduction is no exception.

2. The bounded rationality of behavior implementation. Limited by the humanistic environment, some enterprises often affect their economic behavior because of the subjective intention of the executors in economic activities. When the executives of enterprises are affected by the maximization of interests, the behavior of energy saving and consumption reduction will be constrained.

3. Facing the work of saving energy and reducing consumption, enterprises are more opportunistic in their work. In order to pursue their own interests, under the condition that the technology is not particularly mature at present, most enterprises will take very hidden and hidden means in the production process in order to plan greater interests when carrying out energy conservation and consumption reduction work, so as to achieve their own goals, even at the expense of public interests, improve the opportunities for enterprises to obtain the maximum benefits and maximize their own interests.

Second, it can promote the motivation of enterprises to implement energy-saving behavior.

1. Because enterprises will cause pollution if they discharge environmental pollution at will, as enterprises, they are unwilling to do these acts against the will of the government and evade the responsibility of environmental pollution, because the government does not allow them to speculate and discharge environmental pollution at will. Only by increasing publicity, allowing enterprises to improve their work spontaneously and strengthening intervention in enterprise economic activities through corresponding laws and regulations can we put an end to and restrain enterprises' illegal operation and competitive behavior.

2. Driven by economic interests, enterprises take various measures to pollute in the production process, and at the same time conceal or check the pollution work through various means. In order to plan the interests of enterprises, they evade public supervision and inspection by avoiding, because people around them know more about their business behavior and environmental protection behavior. Let enterprises dare not do it in the implementation process. If the government supervises and publicizes the energy-saving and consumption-reducing behavior of enterprises through the public in the process of governance, it can not only reduce costs, but also make the supervision behavior of enterprises more strict and more deterrent. Therefore, the government must further strengthen cooperation with the public and let the public play the role of supervising enterprises.

3. Let enterprises confiscate and realize that deepening energy conservation and consumption reduction can promote the sustainable development of enterprises. The government's support for the development of enterprises means that enterprises must engage in production and business activities within the business scope allowed by the state, and those who deliberately violate the laws, regulations and policies of the state and the corresponding enterprise behaviors in business activities will be strengthened.

Third, the cost-benefit analysis of enterprises to implement energy-saving and consumption-reducing behavior

1. In a market economy, the production cost of an enterprise determines its economic benefits. In order to reduce the cost of enterprises in the production process and promote enterprises to create and produce the most and best products at the lowest cost, enterprises can win the initiative in the market competition. Although enterprises can win the support of the government and recognition from all walks of life by implementing energy-saving and consumption-reducing behaviors, these will bring great benefits to the future development of enterprises. The implementation of enterprise health is not only the profit behavior of enterprises, but also the incentive and motivation of enterprise production development.

2. Carry out energy-saving and consumption-reducing activities for enterprise production. Although the enterprise is losing money at present, it will persist in implementing energy-saving and consumption-reducing for a long time and will run through the whole life cycle of enterprise production, which will play an important role in saving costs and enhancing social image.

Four, the main problems of enterprise energy saving and consumption reduction work

1, energy saving and consumption reduction work is in the state of "heating up and cooling down". Governments at all levels use administrative means to decompose assessment indicators layer by layer, which restricts the energy-saving and consumption-reducing behavior of enterprises, but it lacks rigid normative mechanism and the actual effect is not ideal; On the other hand, under the pressure of the government, some enterprises passively take some measures to save energy and reduce consumption for coping purposes, and do not take energy saving and consumption reduction as a conscious action for the survival and development of enterprises.

2. Lack of planning guidance and coordination mechanism for regional energy conservation and consumption reduction. At present, energy conservation and consumption reduction work is only carried out in a single enterprise, and there is a lack of systematic planning on how to carry out collaborative energy conservation within the region and among enterprises, and work coordination needs to be strengthened urgently. Although individual enterprises have built their own thermoelectric enterprises, if the existing large-scale power generation enterprises can directly supply power and gas to these enterprises and give full play to the advantages of high thermal energy utilization rate of large boilers, they can save nearly 30% of energy.

3. The assessment system and indicators of energy saving and consumption reduction are not perfect. In recent years, countries and provinces have successively issued some energy consumption quota standards, but the coverage is not wide, and the specific product indicators are not detailed and comprehensive enough. Only a small number of enterprises and products can be benchmarked, and a large number of enterprises and products cannot be benchmarked because of the lack of energy efficiency standards. The assessment of enterprises still emphasizes the decline of energy consumption level of output value, but does not reflect the unit consumption level of enterprises. As a result, the decomposition index of responsibility implementation of key energy-consuming enterprises is not uniform, the system is inconsistent and the assessment is unreasonable.

4. Lack of effective incentive and restraint mechanisms. In the process of management, due to the lack of effective incentive and restraint mechanism for energy saving and consumption reduction by enterprises or competent departments, the lack of enthusiasm of energy-using units for the development and application of energy-saving technologies, and the progress of science and technology, the supporting role of enterprises in energy saving and consumption reduction has not been fully exerted. In addition, there are no penalties for enterprises that have not completed energy-saving targets, and there are few incentives for enterprises that have completed energy-saving targets, resulting in a considerable number of key energy-using enterprises failing to complete energy-saving targets.

Five, enterprises continue to implement energy-saving measures should pay attention to matters and suggestions.

1. It is necessary to speed up the adjustment of industrial structure, vigorously develop advanced manufacturing industries, develop high-tech industries such as information and equipment with high added value, low energy consumption and less environmental pollution, increase the proportion of industrial added value, control the proportion of high-energy-consuming industries, foster the rapid development of low-energy-consuming and efficient enterprises, increase the proportion of low-energy-consuming industries, and realize the overall decline of unit energy consumption. Do a good job in stock adjustment and energy conservation, and increase the capacity saving of key energy-using units.

2. In recent years, with the country's increasing emphasis on energy conservation and consumption reduction, the punishment for environmental pollution of enterprises has increased year by year, prompting some large enterprises to increase the intensity and pace of energy-saving technological transformation and quickly arrange it in place. With the shrinking of enterprise production technology space, China's Twelfth Five-Year Plan has gradually shifted the focus of energy saving and consumption reduction in production to industrial structure adjustment. According to the data obtained by some domestic experts after investigation, at present, 30% of China's energy saving work depends on technology energy saving, and the other 70% depends on industrial structure adjustment. Driven by benefit utility, enterprises have a strong initiative in reducing energy consumption and saving costs. The adjustment of industrial structure mainly depends on the guidance and promotion of the government. In the process of structural adjustment, governments at all levels should attach great importance to industrial structure adjustment, further improve the industrial structure adjustment planning of relevant enterprises according to the needs of China's economic development for enterprise development under the new situation, accelerate the establishment of corresponding structural adjustment working mechanism, implement the work responsibilities of relevant responsible units, and effectively reduce the energy consumption level of the county.

3. Formulate strict project access standards, take energy efficiency indicators as mandatory conditions for project approval, approval and filing, strictly control the introduction of high-energy and high-pollution projects at home and abroad, actively introduce and develop advanced manufacturing industries, and strictly control new high-energy projects from the source to effectively curb the excessive growth of high-energy industries.

In order to save energy and reduce consumption, we must combine circular economy with high technology. While promoting enterprises to develop circular economy, the government should organize professional scientific and technological personnel, pay equal attention to high-tech research and development, invent and develop new technologies and new materials, persist in transforming traditional industries with high technology, develop circular economy, and develop economy with the model of circular economy.

Ending of intransitive verbs

To sum up, in order to vigorously promote energy conservation and consumption reduction of enterprises, we must strictly follow the requirements of higher authorities, implement the Interim Measures for Energy Conservation Assessment and Review of Fixed Assets Investment Projects, strictly control the access of high-energy-consuming industries, strictly control the excessive development of high-energy-consuming industries, and gradually reduce the proportion of high-energy-consuming enterprises.

References:

Chen Dongsheng. Institutional analysis of ecological environment governance [M], An: Northwest A&F University Press, 20 1 1, (4).

[2] Chen. Energy saving and consumption reduction, both administration and market should be hard [J], Journal of Guangdong Administration College, 20 12, (3).

[3] Zhang Hua. Thoughts on the Ways of Energy Saving and Consumption Reduction in High Energy Consumption Enterprises [J]: Metal Mine, 20 1 1, 02.

[4] Wei Mingyong. Study on sustainable development countermeasures of enterprises [D]; Wuhan University of Science and Technology, 20 10.

[5] Guo Yuntao. China faces four bottlenecks in energy development and utilization [N], China Business News, 2009,