Appreciating the short poems about the palace written in quatrains always reveals only the corner of the picture of life, so that readers can see the tragic life of the palace from one scene to another; At the same time, it is often written euphemistically and implicitly, leaving some content for readers to imagine and ponder. This poem is different. It shows a whole picture of life, telling stories directly and writing feelings directly.
There are only twenty words in a poem. In the first half of the poem, the author condensed all the experiences of a claustrophobic imperial secretary who was far away from his hometown in just ten words with ease and complex brushwork. The first sentence "A Thousand Miles from Home" is written from the perspective of space, which is far from home; The second sentence, "A maid-in-waiting has lived here for twenty years", has been written in the palace for a long time since the time. These two poems not only have high generality, but also have strong appeal; It not only expresses the sorrow of the heroine in the poem once, but also expresses her sorrow in a double and deeper way. Unfortunately, it is tragic enough that a young girl was elected to the palace, separated from her family and the outside world, and lost her happiness and freedom. Moreover, her hometown is 3 thousand miles away, and the years are as long as 20 years, which makes readers feel that her fate is more tragic and her life experience is more sympathetic. Similar to these two poems, there is a couplet in Liu Zongyuan's poem "My Last Brother Zong Yi": "I went six thousand miles and died for twelve years", which also shows that the country that has been gone for a long time is particularly sad. This is to increase the weight and depth of the poem by doubling and entering a layer.
The second half of the poem turned to writing grievances, and the fact that a sad song fell with tears directly wrote the long-buried grievances of the people in the poem. These last two poems are also won by strength, not by implication. Poets used to say that poetry is expensive and implicit, but it is not absolute. It should be said that whether a poem is straight, implicit or strong depends on its content. The first half of this poem has written the tragic situation of the people in the poem to the extreme, and accumulated enough strength to force out the grievances. Then in the second half, it is bound to make the grievances of the people in the poem gush out and pour out quickly. Only in this way can the whole poem appear strong and powerful, and can it receive artistic effects that impress readers. What is particularly worth mentioning here is that some court resentment poems write that the reason for the royal family's resentment is that it is not desirable to see the emperor or fall out of favor with the emperor; This poem is just the opposite. The grievances it wrote were produced in front of the emperor and when the people's songs and dances were appreciated by the emperor. Judging from the first two sentences, this resentment is by no means a protest against being deprived of happiness and freedom because of being refused contact or falling out of favor. It is Liu Zao who said in "Tell on Nagato" that "I don't miss you, I hate you".
This poem also has two characteristics. First, among the four poems, the first three sentences are noun words without predicates. Xie Zhen once pointed out in "Four Poems" that "there are many content words in poems, which are deliberately simple and sentences are healthy", and the example he cited of "all using content words" is a famous sentence. The reason why this poem is particularly concise and powerful is related to the use of this special poetic structure. Another feature is that in the four poems, "three thousand miles" means distance, "twenty years" means time, "one song" and "two tears", and every sentence uses numbers. Numbers often play a special role in poetry. They can express a thing and a question more clearly and accurately, give readers a deeper impression, and make poems particularly refined and powerful. These two artistic features of this poem complement each other with its content. Du Mu, a contemporary poet of Zhang Hu, appreciated this poem very much. In a poem to reward Zhang Hu, there is a phrase "Poor family is thousands of miles away, singing its words for nothing". Thus, this poem by Zhang Hu tells the bitterness of imperial secretary and what imperial secretary wants to say. At that time, it was introduced into the palace and widely sung by imperial secretaries. It is said that when Tang Wenzong was seriously ill, he wanted Cai Meng to die, and He Manzi of Mengge died of heartbreak. The author linked it with poetry.
Three thousand miles away from home, living in the palace for twenty years. Sad to sing "He Manzi", in front of the king, tears gushed, and finally could not help but die.
A He Manzi.
(March 0, 200211:10: 00) Qinghe, Xingtai, was a famous poet in the late Tang Dynasty, as well as Du Mu, Li Shangyin and Wen. Zhang Hu and Du Mu have a friendly relationship, and often visit famous temples together, leaving many well-known poems. Such as "Zhao Jun's Complaint": "Thousands of miles away from home, a maid-in-waiting, has lived here for twenty years. However, ask her for this song and use the first few words of this song to see how she tries to hold back her tears. Since relying on energy to sing the sky, the first emperor has had pity on his palm. Where does the new sound sing? Heartbroken Li Yannian. " Poetry spreads like wildfire as soon as it is written. There is no artist who can't sing "Ergong Ci". He never imagined that it was because of this poem that he was depressed all his life and eventually became a lonely soul and died in another country.
River Manzi is a kind of dance music. Shen Aqiao, a court artist in the prosperous Tang Dynasty, is good at singing and dancing, especially the dance music He Manzi. He sang with his mouth open, which made people feel heartbroken and could not help crying. During the Kaiyuan period of the Tang Dynasty, a singer in Cangzhou committed a capital crime and begged to sing "He Manzi" before his execution. If he can impress the judge, he won't die. Unfortunately, the judges are music-blind, and the knife began to fall off before a song was finished. Since Zhang Hu wrote the lyrics for He Manzi, this song became popular and soon spread to Chang 'an Palace. In the autumn of 846 AD, Li Yan, a Wu Zong, was critically ill. The rain hit the phoenix tree and the wet leaves withered. When Wu Zong was dying, he said to the singer Meng Nv beside him, "I can't do it. What can you do? " Meng Nv said, "Let's finally sing Zhang Hu's" Two Songs in the Palace "to the emperor." Meng's femininity disappeared when the music started and she sang "Please sing this song and use the first few words of this song".
Zhang Hu, who was wandering in Yangzhou, heard this sad story and wrote another poem: "I sang well because of my singing skills. I sang in the palace for twenty years." But now, ask her to sing this song. In the first few words, Jiuquan will hang old talents. "Unexpectedly, this poem became popular again and soon spread from Jiangnan to Chang 'an. Zhang Hu's name was widely circulated, which shocked Ling Huchu, a famous contemporary. Linghu Chu strongly recommended Zhang Hu to the emperor, saying that such a famous person should be responsible.
Unexpectedly, the title of Zhang Hu's poem angered Yuan Zhen, the little prime minister. Yuan Zhen used to be the top scholar, claiming to be a "poet saint", and he was jealous of Zhang Hu's poems for a long time. Yuan Zhen colluded with eunuchs, which showed that Zhang Hu was a depraved and dissolute person and was not suitable for being an official. The fatuous Emperor Wu listened to the slanderous stories, which made the brilliant one lose the opportunity to serve the country. In order to save face, Yuan Zhen also tried his best to write a poem to offset the influence of Zhang Hu: "The disciples in Liyuan acted as ancestors, and they sang a song of gratitude and restraint. Let He Man be the title of the song, and the imperial score will be compiled by Yuefu. " But this poem is a dog's tail followed by a mink, which has no sensational effect. Bai Juyi, then the secretariat of Suzhou and Hangzhou, also wrote a poem: "The name of the world is a song written when the punishment is imminent." A song with four words and eight stacks is heartbroken from the beginning. "Bai Letian's poem is for Zhang Hu be outraged by an injustice, so as to attack yuan Zhen.
Zhang Hu's good friend Du Mu is very sympathetic to the tragic situation of his old friend. He looked up at the sky and sighed, "Poor her family, singing the lyrics for nothing." Zhang Hu cried, "Is the ancient name empty? Li Bai is crazy and calls himself a poem. I only hate that there is no age in the world, and no one knows that the gods grow up. " Sigh that it is difficult to meet Bole who knows horses like He. On one occasion, Zhang Hu rode a donkey back to his hometown in Qinghe, hungry and begging. Someone recognized that this was their hometown Zhang Hu, so they made fun of him: Don't you have everything when you sing He Manzi? Zhang Hu sang, "I traveled thousands of miles south of the Yangtze River and didn't pay a penny when I came back. Everyone in the village laughs at me for being poor and cold. I am like Meng Haoran in Xiangyang. " Among the villagers, there are scholars who read a lot of poems and songs, reprimand the ignorance of the group, respect Zhang Hu as a guest of honor, and think that the hometown is glorious. Zhang Hu felt humiliated and left his hometown and never came back.
Zhang Hu is not only a great poet, but also a musician. He is proficient in temperament and can play dozens of musical instruments. He is also good at singing, and the singer is excellent. It is famous in Suzhou, Hangzhou, Yangzhou and Luoyang. There is no one who doesn't know Zhang Hu. Among the hundreds of poems he left behind, dozens are about music and singing. At that time, the court was corrupt, the eunuchs were dictatorial, and the people were in poverty. The author had to be anesthetized in music to soothe his lonely heart with a sad flute. The flute sounded like a sword, chopping Chang 'an: "Who has grievances? Show you the sword! "
In his later years, Zhang Hu was eccentric and rarely interacted with people. He chose to live in seclusion at the junction of Anhui and Henan, and built a bamboo fence hut on the river bank with abundant water and grass at the foot of the mountain. Eating home-grown grains and vegetables, drinking home-brewed soju, playing games with old friends and singing to the wild wind. An oil lamp that went out with the wind, a room full of poems with him. Isolated from the world, temper poetry. On the Mid-Autumn Festival night in 852 AD, 50-year-old Zhang Hu twisted the guzheng painfully, angrily sang "He Manzi" and passed away quietly. Li Du (Hebei)