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-Zhejiang township enterprises
Investigation on the utilization of renewable resources
Director of Zhejiang Provincial Bureau of Township Enterprises: He Zhou
When it comes to township enterprises, people often associate them with wasting resources and polluting the environment. As we all know, township enterprises in Zhejiang can make full use of renewable resources and develop circular economy, which has become a highlight of building an ecological Zhejiang. Recently, we went to Ningbo, Shaoxing, Taizhou and other places to do some surveys, and the results were thought-provoking.
First, the characteristics of renewable resources utilization in Zhejiang
The recycling of renewable resources in Zhejiang township enterprises has experienced a development process from small vendors to professional enterprises, from domestic recycling to overseas recycling.
1. The recycling scale of renewable resources is large and the output value is high.
At present, about 400,000 tons of waste copper is directly used in copper processing in the province, and more than 400,000 tons of waste aluminum is used in aluminum processing, aluminum alloy castings and products industries. The annual output value of Zhejiang hardware 100 billion yuan, and the required raw materials such as copper, aluminum and iron are basically recovered from scrap metal. The annual output value of Taizhou motorcycle wheels is more than one billion yuan, and all the aluminum needed comes from the dismantling industry. Plastic products and plastic mold manufacturing use recycled plastics, and the consumption in Taizhou, Yuyao, Cixi and Dongyang alone reaches more than 6.5438+0 million tons. Taizhou, in particular, imported 2 million tons of waste hardware and electrical appliances in 2003, and obtained 6.5438+0.8 million tons of waste copper, 6.5438+0.2 million tons of waste aluminum and 6.5438+0.4 million tons of scrap steel. Zhejiang has become a major province for recycling renewable resources in China.
2. A number of key enterprises for recycling renewable resources have been formed.
After more than 20 years of development, some renewable resources utilization enterprises in Zhejiang have completed the original accumulation of capital, and are starting a second venture with the goal of expanding scale and improving efficiency, forming a number of key township enterprises for recycling renewable resources. Take road and bridge as an example. By the end of 2003, there were more than 20 solid waste import and utilization units designated by the State Environmental Protection Administration. In 2003, the total utilization of solid waste was 2 million tons, of which the import utilization of 10 enterprises accounted for 85% of the total dismantling in Taizhou. The largest Taizhou Qihe Tiandi Metal Company has an annual dismantling capacity of more than 654.38+10,000 tons, more than 600 dismantling workers and a dismantling site of 40,000 square meters. By June 2004, the smelting capacity of waste aluminum reached 6.5438+600,000 tons. Taizhou Gloria Fengze Metal Co., Ltd. has an annual production capacity of 40,000 tons. Another example is Zhejiang Liang Hai Group in Zhuji City, which produced copper166,000 tons in 2003, which was the first factory in China to break through copper production100,000 tons, achieving a sales income of 3 10/00,000 yuan, of which 55,000 tons of copper was recovered. For another example, Yongkang Wanjin Copper has an annual output of more than 30,000 tons.
3. Relying on professional parks, we will continue to expand and strengthen the recycling industry of renewable resources.
In order to promote the healthy and orderly development of recycling of renewable resources, all localities should adjust measures to local conditions and strengthen the construction of specialized parks for processing and development of renewable resources. For example, there are 39 domestic and foreign enterprises in Zhenhai Renewable Resources Processing Park in Ningbo. Since its operation in June 2003, 305,000 tons of scrap metal have been dismantled and disposed of. At present, the annual processing and production capacity is 6.5438+0.25 million tons. Enterprises in the park are centralized, and customs, commodity inspection and environmental protection departments are centralized in supervision, project control and "three wastes" treatment. Due to the excessive consumption and serious pollution of natural resources such as bamboo, wood and grass, people once talked about Fuyang. Now, Fuyang's paper industry has changed to waste paper recycling, a new paper industrial park has been built, and enterprise sewage has been uniformly discharged and treated, and cleaner production and water-saving technologies have been implemented to make sewage flexible. Taizhou has established two large industrial parks. All the waste materials are piled up, processed and utilized in standard workshops, and the waste motors that need to be incinerated must be treated in an incinerator that uses secondary incineration. Scrap wires and cables that cannot be stripped manually must be dismantled by a broken wire handling system, and incineration and dismantling are strictly prohibited; The waste water and garbage generated are treated centrally by the park, which basically solves the problem of environmental pollution. Practice has proved that "park management" is an effective management mode for comprehensive utilization of renewable resources and environmental protection.
4. The utilization of renewable resources is becoming more and more basic, specialized and industrialized.
The utilization of renewable resources by township enterprises in Zhejiang Province has experienced the development process from single enterprise management to base management, and from part-time management to professional management. At present, Yongkang, Luqiao, Jiashan, Yuyao, Cixi and other places have emerged many large-scale dismantling bases and professional markets for waste metals, waste motors and waste plastics. The operation of these bases has its own characteristics, and there are three main business models: the road and bridge model based on recycling and dismantling; Yongkang model based on acquisition and utilization; Cixi model recycling, to form a complete industrial cycle. Base management not only broke through the original small-scale business model, but also linked with the market, forming a professional market. The utilization of renewable resources by township enterprises in Zhejiang has formed a pattern of professional division of labor and orderly operation from acquisition (buying), dismantling (processing) and sales (selling) to industrial production as means of production.
Second, the significance of the utilization of renewable resources to the development of circular economy
Circular economy is the highest mode of social sustainable development, which requires economic activities to change the traditional open material flow of "resources-products-wastes" into repeated material flow of "resources-products-renewable resources" according to the natural ecosystem, so that the production and consumption process of the whole economic system does not produce or only produces a small amount of wastes, and fundamentally solves the sharp contradiction between resources, environment and development. The recycling of renewable resources is the development of circular economy.
1. The utilization of renewable resources effectively protects the environment and maintains the ecological balance.
By recycling resources, pollutants are reduced or not discharged, and the utilization rate of resources is improved, which plays an important role in protecting increasingly scarce natural resources and increasingly fragile ecological environment. Experts analyzed and compared the environmental pollution caused by the utilization of renewable resources and the development of primary resources. Every 1 10,000 tons of recycled copper used by township enterprises in Zhejiang Province means less 1.20- 1.5 million tons of tailings, less 40,000-60,000 tons of smelting slag and less 3600 tons of sulfur, which saves energy equivalent to 59,000 tons of standard coal and investment 1. This has not taken into account the destruction of the ecological environment by mining, the waste water and other toxic substances produced by smelting and processing. Compared with primary aluminum, for every 1 10,000 tons of aluminum recovered, 20,000-40,000 tons of red mud can be discharged less, and1/kloc-0.9 million tons of standard coal can be saved, saving investment by 87%. On the other hand, the utilization of renewable resources directly reduces the environmental pollution caused by waste landfill or incineration. At present, the cumulative amount of garbage in China has reached more than 6 billion tons, occupying 500 million square meters of land. Some toxic and harmful wastes have caused real and potential pollution to soil, groundwater and atmosphere. Recycling renewable resources, turning waste into treasure and harm into benefit can effectively reduce waste discharge, which is one of the important measures to control pollution and improve the environment.
2. The utilization of renewable resources solves the problem of resource shortage.
Zhejiang is a resource-poor province, with a large population and little land, lacking natural resources and weak basic industries such as energy and raw materials. However, the processing advantages of 700,000 township enterprises in the province are outstanding, and the contradictions between them are very prominent. Recycling renewable resources is undoubtedly an effective way to solve the shortage of resources. The development of Yongkang hardware industry needs a lot of metal resources. Yongkang people traveled all over the country, and even went abroad to Russia and other countries to recycle renewable resources such as scrap copper and aluminum. Thousands of people from Yuyao, Cixi, Huangyan, Dongyang and other places went to all parts of the country to organize waste plastics to meet the needs of the development of plastic products industry and mold industry. In 2003, the copper output in Zhejiang reached 6.5438+0.208 million tons, accounting for 654.38+0/3 of the total copper output in China, ranking first in all provinces and cities in China for six consecutive years, and recycled copper accounted for more than 50%. Yuhuan used waste brass to form an industrial chain from the production of copper tubes to copper plumbing hardware and valves. At present, Yuhuan is the largest production and export base of low-pressure copper ball valves in China, with nearly 30 varieties and more than 600 specifications, including valves and plumbing fittings. The domestic market share exceeds 50%, and exports account for 60% of the country. In 2003, it produced 700,000 tons of copper, of which 200,000 tons of waste brass was used.
3. The utilization of renewable resources has brought competitive price advantages to enterprises.
Zhejiang products have strong competitiveness in domestic and foreign markets, largely benefiting from the comprehensive utilization of renewable resources. For example, the market for producing copper strips for low-voltage electrical appliances used to be occupied by large state-owned enterprises. Because the price of copper strip processed by Zhejiang township enterprises is 2000 yuan/ton lower under the same quality conditions, township enterprises quickly occupy domestic and foreign markets and gain industrial development space. The low-voltage electrical appliance production base in Liushi, Wenzhou, which is famous all over the country, is developed on the basis of using waste transformers and other electrical equipment and recycling metal castings. For another example, at present, there are more than 200 enterprises engaged in scrap metal processing and smelting in Yongkang, with an annual turnover of 6 billion to 7 billion yuan. Scrap aluminum produces about 250,000 tons of alloy aluminum and 200,000 tons of copper. Provide cheap resources for pillar industries such as power tools, household hardware, motorcycles and auto parts. For another example, the great development of plastic products industry in Huangyan, Luqiao, Jiaojiang, Yuyao and Cixi also benefited from making full use of cheap recycled plastic resources in domestic and foreign markets.
4. The utilization of renewable resources promotes the development of regional characteristic economy.
The utilization of renewable resources such as steel and plastics has greatly promoted the development of related manufacturing and processing industries, such as wires and cables, motors, pumps, motorcycle parts, sanitary wares and decorative hardware. In Zhejiang, many regional characteristic economies based on renewable resources utilization industries have been formed. For example, Yongkang has formed an enterprise cluster of copper strip processing in Zhiying town, aluminum alloy casting in Gushan town and aluminum smelting and casting in Qiaoxia town through the utilization of renewable resources such as aluminum and copper. Then, by extending the industrial chain and developing products in depth, more than 10,000 hardware machinery enterprises emerged, forming pillar industries such as power tools, household hardware and motorcycle accessories, and creating "China Hardware Science and Technology City". Yuyao uses waste plastics and metal to produce plastic products, molds and household appliances, and established the largest plastic products and molds market in China-"China Plastic City". In 2003, the sales volume of "China Plastic City" reached 65.438+0.5 million tons, and the transaction amount reached 65.438+0.3 billion yuan, of which Yuyao products accounted for about 20% and recycled plastics accounted for more than 20%. Cixi is not only the most important plastic product base in the province, but also founded dozens of well-known small household appliance brands such as Shuaikang, becoming the third largest household appliance production base in China after Shunde in Guangdong and Qingdao in Shandong.
The recycling of renewable resources has expanded the employment field and enriched the people.
The recycling of waste materials, from recycling to dismantling, is a labor-intensive industry, which expands the employment channels of urban and rural surplus labor. For example, Taizhou scrap metal dismantling base, with Fengjiang Town as the main body, employs more than 30,000 people directly. If the services such as trade and transportation around the solid waste utilization industry are added, the number of relevant employees will reach 65,438+10,000. Xiazhaiyu Village, Lubei Street, luqiao district is a professional village using waste plastics, with 80 households. The annual sales income of plastic products is 65.438+0.5 billion yuan, the average annual sales income is 65.438+0.87 million yuan, and the net income of each household is more than 300,000 yuan.
Three. Problems and countermeasures in the utilization of renewable resources
1 has not been widely recognized by all walks of life.
"Circular economy" and "utilization of renewable resources" have just attracted people's attention in China and our province, and they are still relatively unfamiliar concepts. The concept of using renewable resources with broad prospects and benefiting the country and the people has not yet become the knowledge of the whole society, and industry development still lacks social foundation and its due position in the national industrial structure system. A considerable number of people, including some media, equate the recycling of renewable resources with counterfeiting and environmental pollution. It is considered that this industry is "collecting garbage and polluting the environment", and it is indiscriminate and arbitrarily rejects accusations. But the recycling of renewable resources is an important way to control environmental pollution, protect ecology and implement sustainable development.
The urgent task is to strengthen publicity and raise the awareness of all sectors of society on the importance of renewable resources utilization. First, due to limited resources, China's per capita mineral resources are only 58% of the world average, and some important resources have long been dependent on imports. Second, the utilization of renewable resources is an important measure to protect the environment and maintain ecological balance. Fourthly, the utilization of renewable resources is the need of developing circular economy and taking the road of sustainable development. It is necessary to make the public establish the consciousness of saving resources, protecting the environment and turning waste into treasure, especially the consciousness of consciously using recycled products and being willing to bear the cost of processing and utilization of some waste materials, so as to consolidate the social foundation of resource recycling.
2. Imperfect laws and regulations and unstable policies.
Because the law of recycling renewable resources in China has not been promulgated, the legitimate rights and interests of enterprises can not be properly protected by law, and their behavior can not be effectively regulated, which is not conducive to the development of recycling renewable resources industry. National and local governments lack unified and stable management policies for renewable resources industry, and the industrial orientation is unclear, which makes enterprises have doubts about the development of this industry, resulting in insufficient confidence in the prospects of this industry and dare not invest too much money. Due to the adjustment and change of the seventh kind of national solid waste import and utilization policy and the influence of mainstream media, Taizhou scrap metal dismantling industry has experienced repeated processes such as "negative-positive-restricted development" and "standardized rectification-orderly development", and it is difficult for enterprises to carry out normal production and operation and international trade, thus restricting the long-term development of the industry.
Therefore, it is necessary to formulate and improve the relevant laws and regulations on the recycling of renewable resources in China as soon as possible, and accelerate the research, formulation and promulgation of individual laws and regulations such as the Regulations on the Management of Recycling of Renewable Resources and the Measures for the Management of Recycling of Waste Household Appliances. Through legal norms, clear industrial development orientation and policy orientation, dispel the doubts of related enterprises in developing this industry, and provide a better external environment for the development of renewable resources recycling industry; Standardize industry behavior, clarify the respective responsibilities and obligations of recycling enterprises in the industrial chain, and promote the treatment, processing, utilization and sales of renewable resources. Gradually bring the recycling of renewable resources into the legal management track.
3. Insufficient policy support.
It is impossible to realize the effective unification of economic benefits, social benefits and environmental protection benefits of enterprises only by the efforts of renewable resources recycling industry. Too much emphasis on "doing big things requires big profits, doing small things requires small profits, and doing nothing is not good" will inevitably lead to the loss of waste and environmental pollution. Compared with the developed countries in the world, the utilization of renewable resources in China lacks supporting policies and is not strong enough. There are a series of problems in the recycling of renewable resources, such as low investment, insufficient funds for scientific research and promotion, and insufficient development potential.
Therefore, we must increase policy support for enterprises that use renewable resources. It is necessary to give preferential treatment in relevant technical policies, industrial policies, tax policies, credit policies and market access. In particular, it is necessary to make reasonable adjustments to tax policies. It is necessary to set up a science and technology development fund for recycling waste materials and implement key breakthroughs. The key point should be to break through the recycling technology of waste materials such as storage batteries and dry batteries, which have great impact on environmental pollution and have low utilization value, as well as computers, televisions and refrigerators, which will be widely used in the future.
4. Efforts to control environmental pollution need to be strengthened.
Generally speaking, the operation and production scale of renewable resource recycling enterprises is small. Due to less capital investment, weak technical development ability and backward processing technology of waste materials, some environmental pollutants associated with the processing of renewable resources have not been properly treated, which is far from the requirements of comprehensive utilization of renewable resources and environmental protection. Dismantle old electrical appliances with backward technology such as incineration, and directly discharge flue gas, sewage and waste. , often causing environmental pollution.
To build Zhejiang into a strong province for the utilization of renewable resources, we must make great efforts to strengthen environmental pollution control, combine blocking and dredging, and comprehensively control it. On the one hand, it is necessary to strengthen the construction of specialized parks for renewable resources processing, form industrial parks with a certain scale and complete environmental protection facilities, gather enterprises, and carry out centralized rectification of pollutants and discharge them up to standard; On the other hand, enterprises with serious pollution should be rectified within a time limit, or shut down. In addition, a diversified investment mechanism should be established to raise funds for ecological environment construction and protection through multiple channels, so that the economic, social and ecological benefits of renewable resources utilization can be organically unified.
5. The market of renewable resources develops in disorder.
First, there is a lack of various standards and technical specifications of the industry. For example, in the waste paper treatment standards, the quality of recycled paper cannot be guaranteed because of the lack of unified classification and recycling quality standards. Some paper-making enterprises in Shangyu and other places would rather import waste paper at a high price than use domestic waste paper. Second, enterprises use renewable resources to organize their own raw materials, and some areas lack a large-scale renewable resources trading market, thus increasing transaction costs and product production costs. Third, enterprises compete in disorder in the international market, raising the purchase price and lowering the export price.
By giving full play to the role of trade associations, the existing technical standards of waste classification in China can be revised as soon as possible to meet the international standards; Customs, quality inspection, environmental protection, industry and commerce, taxation and other departments should coordinate actions to improve the overall level of renewable resources utilization industry; Strengthen foreign cooperation and exchange, and introduce new ideas, advanced technology and advanced management experience for Zhejiang renewable resources recycling industry.