1. transmitted diseases: rodents are closely related to human life, with a large number, wide distribution and frequent migration. They are vectors for the occurrence and prevalence of many diseases, and can spread more than 30 diseases, such as plague, epidemic hemorrhagic fever and leptospirosis.
Plague is a severe infectious disease, which originated from mice and can cause human epidemic. It is highly contagious and has a high mortality rate in history. There is an ancient poem as proof: "There are dead rats in the east and dead rats in the west. People see dead rats like tigers." "The mouse died for a few days, and people died like jam. It is estimated that the number of people who died of rat-borne diseases in history far exceeded the number who died directly in the war. Human plague has a history of 1500 years. It was recorded in Egypt and Syria in the first century A.D., and there were three pandemics in history: the first epidemic in the Eastern Roman Empire in the 6th century, which lasted for 50 years and killed 6,543.8+billion people; /kloc-The second epidemic in Europe in the 20th century killed 25 million people, accounting for 25% of the European population at that time? . /kloc-at the end of 0/8 and the beginning of 09, there was a third epidemic with 40 million deaths. Plague foci are distributed all over the world, and there are more than 200 species of rats in the world that are bacteria-preserving animals of Yersinia pestis. Human plagues still occur from time to time in some parts of the world. For example, in India, which stopped for 26 years, human pneumonic plague broke out again in 1994.
The SARS epidemic may be related to mice. Last year, SARS broke out in some provinces and cities in China, and the relevant institutions conducted extensive research on its causes. Experts believe that SARS may be related to mice.
2. Loss of food: Mice are gluttonous animals, and each mouse eats1/5/font > 110 food. Rats are called rats in the north, which is really worthy of the name. It is estimated that about 5% of the grain produced every year is taken away by rats, and the world loses 50 million tons of grain and hundreds of millions of dollars every year. In addition, rats can steal forest seeds and eat seedlings and bark, which brings serious harm to the forest. Rats will destroy grasslands, compete with livestock for pasture and affect animal husbandry.
Rats are also very harmful to industry and construction. Accidents caused by short circuit caused by rats biting through wires are common and serious.
Second, the method of killing rats
There are many methods to kill rats, which can be generally divided into physical killing, chemical killing, biological killing and ecological killing.
1. Environmental deratization: Rats need water, food and hidden habitat to survive and reproduce. Therefore, creating an environment that is not suitable for its survival can greatly reduce the number of rats in a place and easily consolidate the results of rodent control. Therefore, first of all, we should do a good job in environmental sanitation, remove weeds around the house and articles piled at random, often clean indoor and outdoor sanitation, tidy up all kinds of utensils and sundries, and regularly check suitcases, wardrobes, books, shoes and hats to prevent rats from nesting.
Cut off the food of rats: the food of rats includes not only human food, but also feed, garbage, leftovers from food industry, feces and so on. These things should be stored in a covered, seamless container, so that rats can't get food and passively eat poison bait, thus achieving the purpose of killing rats.
2. Physical deratization: also known as instrument deratization, it takes a long time and has many application methods. It not only includes various special mousetraps such as mousetraps and cages, but also includes pressing, clamping, closing, clamping, turning, pouring, digging, sticking and shooting. Physical rodent control also pays attention to certain technology. For example, the rat cage (clip) should be placed in the rat hole, with a certain distance from the rat hole, and sometimes some camouflage can improve the killing rate; The bait on the mouse cage should be fresh, which should be the food that mice like to eat. Generally, it is difficult for mice to get into the cage on the first night because of "new reaction", and the rate of getting into the cage will increase after two or three days.
3. Chemical deratization: also known as drug deratization, is the most widely used and effective method of deratization. Drug deratization can be divided into intestinal poison deratization and fumigation deratization. As an intestinal rodenticide, organic compounds are the main ones, followed by inorganic compounds, wild plants and their extracts. Gastrointestinal rodenticide requires good palatability to mice, will not refuse to eat, and has appropriate toxicity. It is mainly used to make all kinds of poison bait with good effect, simple use and large dosage. Followed by poisonous water, poisonous powder, poisonous glue, poisonous foam and so on. Fumigation and deratization, such as aluminum phosphide and chloropicrin, can be used for fumigation and deratization of warehouses and ships.
4. Biological deratization method: It includes two aspects: First, using natural enemies to kill rats. There are many natural enemies of rats, mainly weasels, wild cats, domestic cats, foxes and other carnivores. Birds of prey such as eagles and owls. And snakes. Therefore, protecting the natural enemies of these rodents is conducive to reducing the harm of rodents.
5. Ecological rodent control: that is, by improving the environment, including rodent control buildings, cutting off rodent food, transforming farmland, improving indoor and outdoor environmental sanitation, and removing hidden places for rodents, that is, controlling, transforming and destroying the living environment and conditions conducive to the survival of rodents, rodents can not survive and reproduce in those places. Ecological rodent control is an important part of comprehensive rodent control.
Third, rodenticide.
1. Rodenticides can be divided into acute and chronic types according to the speed of action after entering mice.
Acute rodenticide, also known as acute single dose rodenticide, can kill rats by eating enough poison bait at one time. These drugs have the advantages of quick onset and less food intake, but they are not safe for people and animals and are easy to cause secondary poisoning. At the same time, in the process of killing rats, they react violently before the death of rats, which is easy to alert other rats, so their efficacy is not as good as that of chronic rodenticide. These drugs include zinc phosphide, fluoroacetamide, tetramine, bromogeramine, dibromonate and so on. Amine fluoroacetate, tetramine and glyphosate are highly toxic, and there is no specific antidote, which can easily lead to human and animal poisoning, which has been explicitly prohibited by the state.
Chronic rodenticides, also known as slow-acting rodenticides, can be divided into the first and second generation anticoagulant rodenticides. The first generation of anticoagulant rodenticides, such as diphacinone sodium salt, rodenticide, rodenticide, chlorpyrifos, etc., must be used continuously for several days to achieve the ideal rodenticide effect. The second generation anticoagulant rodenticide has strong acute toxicity. Rats can die after eating two or three times, and rats resistant to the first generation rodenticide can also be killed. These drugs include bromadiolone, Dalong, Butazinone and thiadione.
2. Why is chronic rodenticide better than acute rodenticide?
The advantages of chronic rodenticide are: small dosage, rats will not refuse to eat until they die, so the rodent control effect is good and the chances of livestock poisoning are few. If you are poisoned, you can also use a special antidote (vitamin K 1) to rescue you. Chronic rodenticide conforms to the habit of mice. Rats eat intermittently and stop eating. However, most kinds of chronic rodenticides are not very toxic at one time, and there is no uncomfortable feeling after eating them. Can be eaten for several days, the cumulative toxicity will be very strong, mice will die. Chronic rodenticide has a slow effect. Most mice died after taking medicine for more than three days, and there were no serious symptoms before they died, so they were still eating poison bait when they died. Therefore, when a large number of rats died, almost all rats ate enough lethal dose of rodenticide, even if some rats stopped eating or moving, they would inevitably die. There is no problem that a large number of dead rats scare away survivors. Chronic deratization can kill many kinds of rodents, and it is safe to use in a large area, with good deratization effect and more dead rats. It is the main weapon to kill rats at present. Chronic rodenticides mainly refer to anticoagulant rodenticides, such as bromadiolone and Dalong.
3, buy, put rodenticide matters needing attention
(1) Buy rodenticide from qualified departments.
(2) Understand the ingredients of rodenticide used and the safe detoxification methods.
(3) Put rodenticide out of the reach of children.
(4) If you eat by mistake, send it to the hospital immediately.
4. Use rodenticide safely
According to some data, pesticides and rodenticides are the first two kinds of poisons that cause poisoning in China, accounting for 29.22% of pesticides and 28.62% of rodenticides. The dosage of pesticides in China is much more than rodenticide every year, so in proportion, acute toxic rodenticide is the primary factor of poisoning death of ordinary people in China.
Before 1950, acute rodenticide was mainly used to kill rats, and tetramine was commonly used. These drugs are very toxic and have no antidote, so they have been banned for a long time. At present, chronic rodenticides are usually used, mainly anticoagulants. Rats have mild symptoms after taking the medicine, which is not easy to arouse the vigilance of the same kind, and the concentration is lower, which is safer for people and animals. Antidotes are commonly used in clinic and are easy to rescue after poisoning.
Fourth, rat prevention methods
Doing rodent control well is the key to eliminate rodent damage, especially in rural areas.
Trench network: add barbed wire at the entrance and exit of the sewer, and the mesh diameter shall not be greater than 1 cm to prevent rats in the sewer from climbing up and down the pipeline. Open ditches in the operation room of catering industry shall be covered with nets or other articles, and shall not be exposed.
Rat-proof door: you can nail an iron plate 30-50 cm high in the lower half of the door to prevent rats from biting the door panel, or add an iron gate 60 cm high to keep rats out. It is best to prevent rats in the whole house.
Narrow the gap: repair the gap between the door and the ground, the door and the door, the window and the windowsill, so that the gap is not more than 0.6 cm, to prevent house mice from entering.
Hardened ground: repair the damaged and unhardened ground in time, or harden the road surface to prevent rats from stealing holes and nesting.
Five, how to deal with dead mice?
Dead rats can be disinfected by spraying 0.05% peracetic acid or 1000mg/L solution containing available chlorine. The dosage should ensure that the surface of the mouse corpse is completely wet, then sealed with plastic bags and sent to the sanitation department for harmless treatment. After disposing of the dead rats, disinfect the places that may be contaminated by rats with disinfectant, and wash your hands for disinfection.