First, young teachers must be clear about the position, function and purpose of their own courses in this major.
At present, there are four educational structures in China, namely, research-oriented talent training mode, engineering talent training mode, applied talent training mode, ordinary high school and 9-year compulsory education. Adopt the training mode of research-oriented talents to train research-oriented talents at doctoral and master's levels in various majors; Undergraduate, higher vocational, technical secondary school and technical school adopt the training mode of engineering talents and applied talents to cultivate these two types of skilled and management talents. Ordinary senior high schools and nine-year compulsory education are basic education.
In all kinds of educational structures, corresponding personnel training programs have been formulated in detail. The guiding ideology and principles of personnel training, the main contents and requirements of personnel training program are specified in detail. This scheme is the overall design of professional personnel training, and it is the basic basis for various professional organizations to implement teaching. As we all know, this master plan is formulated under the guidance of advanced educational theory, using the method of system engineering, combining the establishment history of their respective majors and the actual demand for talents.
Curriculum setting is the core content of talent training program. The category, status, class hours, teaching requirements, main contents, practical links and assessment methods of each course are clearly defined. Every teacher should make clear the position, purpose and requirements of this course in its curriculum system only from the perspective of professional talent training scheme. Only by consciously focusing on the theme of the talent training program can we do a good job in teaching. For example, mechanical drawing course, for aircraft power engineering major, the focus is on reading drawings. That is, I can understand parts drawings, local assembly drawings and general assembly drawings, and I can understand aircraft drawings. Instead of using a ruler to draw the design drawings of aircraft or aero-engines. For another example, the basic course of mechanical design mainly focuses on the working principle, basic design theory, design method and design steps of commonly used machinery and general parts, but rarely involves the strength calculation and stiffness calculation of mechanical parts. The purpose of this treatment is to make students understand the movement of common mechanisms in aircraft or engine construction.
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Principle. That is, in the design of mechanical parts, such as chain drive, it is not used at all in aircraft and aero-engines, and can be omitted; For another example, in the course of aviation materials science, although cast iron is an important structural material in industry, the cross section of white cast iron has important theoretical significance in the phase diagram theory-a typical representative of * * * crystallization reaction. But it should not be mentioned in aviation materials science. Because from the practical application point of view, carbon steel is rarely used, let alone cast iron. Therefore, in the course of aviation materials science, we have always focused on non-ferrous metals and their applications, namely aluminum alloys, magnesium alloys and titanium alloys. Only in this way can we actively and consciously focus on the core courses of our major and do a good job in the teaching of any course.
Young teachers should strengthen the study of modern advanced educational theory and understand the differences between applied talents, skilled talents and research talents in educational concepts. The latter requires "sufficient theory, paying attention to application", "not pursuing the systematicness and integrity of each course theory" and "paying attention to the cultivation of practical skills". Only by deeply understanding students' training objectives and employment needs can we actively explore teaching contents and methods suitable for applied and skilled talents in teaching practice and achieve good teaching results.
Second, young teachers should treat the teaching process with systematic viewpoints and methods, analyze the teaching process and do a good job in teaching design.
As we all know, teaching is a dynamic system composed of schools, majors, teachers, students, teaching materials, teaching media and evaluation methods. To say that it is dynamic mainly means that time, space, content, methods and objects will change.
Guided by advanced educational theory, using systematic viewpoints and methods and modern educational technology, the teaching design is called teaching design, which analyzes the problems and needs in the teaching process, determines the teaching objectives, establishes the steps to solve the problems, selects the corresponding strategies and media, and analyzes and evaluates the teaching results. Teaching design is to analyze all the elements in the teaching system and their functions in the whole system, and optimize them to make the comprehensive functions of the system play the best role.
Including four levels of design, namely, macro and micro design of schools, majors and courses. School-level design, including the orientation, objectives and conditions of the school. Professional design, including professional orientation, objectives, teaching conditions, etc. ; The macro-design of curriculum includes curriculum standards, selection of teaching materials, arrangement of teaching plans, determination of teaching methods and selection of teaching media. The micro-design of the course includes the selection of content, teaching methods and steps, the treatment of key points and difficulties, the selection and use of teaching media, and the arrangement of homework.
Teaching implementation refers to speaking well in each class, doing well in each experiment, arranging review and examination, and summing up teaching. Obviously, young teachers must understand the design of the first two levels, with emphasis on the design of the last two levels and the implementation of teaching.
In order to do a good job in the macro-level design of any course. First of all, seriously study the curriculum standards of any course. Only in this way can the position of the course in the major and the relationship with the previous courses be clarified; Only in this way can we choose good teaching materials; In order to put forward reasonable requirements for students; In order to keep your work from going blind. Secondly, it is very important to choose the appropriate teaching materials carefully. Young teachers who graduated from local undergraduate colleges in various majors took specialized basic courses in corresponding majors in military colleges. Because there are great differences between local undergraduate colleges and military colleges. Therefore, the choice of teaching materials is very important for teaching, which makes young teachers pay attention to many places when choosing teaching materials. Third, we should arrange teaching time and assessment methods reasonably. The main contents of the teaching plan must be assessed, otherwise self-study or introduction can be arranged without corresponding assessment.
In order to do a good job in the micro-level design of any course. First of all, we should prepare our lessons. That is to say, we should read the reference books, compress the lecture notes, and summarize the contents of the blackboard writing in the lesson plan, that is, do a good job in the detailed design of any course. When preparing lessons, find three levels of teaching materials, consider the characteristics of raising, developing, discussing and explaining the same question, and choose the teaching method that suits you.
Preparing lessons is a process of "providing students with a glass of water, but you must prepare a bucket of water". Here I only talk about my understanding and practice in the process of reading reference books, writing speeches and teaching plans.