Acute infectious toxic diseases caused by eating food contaminated by certain bacteria or bacterial toxins or ingesting food containing toxic substances, as well as the natural toxins in the food itself, are all considered "food poisoning". Characterized by a sudden outbreak, short incubation period, the onset of the person have a clear connection with toxic food.

[Diagnosis]

1, salmonella food poisoning: incubation period is generally 4 ~ 24 hours, can be as short as 2 hours, up to 2 ~ 3 days. Rapid onset of disease, the first waist pain, nausea, vomiting, followed by diarrhea, watery stools, malodorous, occasionally with pus and blood, stools several times a day to tens of times.

2, variola food poisoning: can be divided into allergic and gastrointestinal type two categories. Incubation period, allergic type for 30 to 120 minutes, gastrointestinal type for 3 to 20 hours. Most of the cases in l ~ 2 days of rapid recovery, short of only a few hours, long up to a few days.

3, salinomyces food poisoning: incubation period of 1 to 26 hours, sudden onset, more than the beginning of abdominal cramps, the rapid emergence of vomiting and diarrhea, several times a day to dozens of stools, most of the watery stools. If the vomiting and diarrhea are severe, it can lead to dehydration and shock. The course of the disease is usually 2 to 4 days.

4, staphylococcal food poisoning: incubation period of 1 to 6 hours, sudden onset, epigastric pain and diarrhea, vomiting is the most significant. A ship in a few hours to 1 ~ 2 days of rapid recovery.

5, botulism food poisoning: incubation period is generally 12 to 36 hours, can be as short as 2 hours, up to 8 to 10 days. Sudden onset of disease, the first headache, dizziness, general weakness, fatigue, etc., followed by nerve paralysis symptoms, such as diplopia, strabismus, blurred vision, pupil dilatation, the disappearance of the light reflex, the eye sinusoidal ptosis and so on. The patient may gradually recover after 4 to 10 days, but generalized weakness and paralysis of eye muscles may last for several months. In severe cases, death occurs within 3 to 10 days of onset due to respiratory failure, cardiac failure or secondary pneumonia.

[Treatment]

1, mild cases, can bed rest, drink more salt boiled water, and closely observe the change of condition. If the number of diarrhea is too many, you can take oral tincture of compound camphor 2-5 ml at a time. Vomiting, can be injected with chlorpromazine 25 mg.

2, on the high fever, poisoning symptoms, vomiting and diarrhea, dehydration, shock and other serious patients should be rescued.

①Input 5% to 10% glucose solution and saline intravenously, the amount of infusion depends on the condition. Pay attention to the acid-base balance, supplement 5% sodium bicarbonate or 11.2% sodium lactate as appropriate. When there is urine, supplement potassium salt.

②Oral, intramuscular or intravenous erythromycin or tetracycline.

3 Symptomatic treatment: high fever, physical cooling: irritability, chloral hydrate 1 gram or phenobarbital 0.03 ~ 0.09 grams, oral.

4 Clostridium botulinum food poisoning in the early stage, should immediately wash the stomach with water or 1:4000 potassium permanganate solution, enema. Quiet bed, pay attention to heat preservation. Use multivalent antivenom as early as possible, within 24 hours after the onset of disease or before the occurrence of muscle paralysis static or intramuscular injection of 50-100,000 units, if necessary, repeat the injection 6 hours later. It has been reported that guanethidine hydrochloride has the effect of promoting the release of acetylcholine from the peripheral nerves, which can be used to treat botulism, and the symptoms of half of the patients improved, but it is ineffective in patients with severe respiratory failure.

[Prevention]

1, ministry personnel should be vigilant, strict implementation of the kitchen hygiene system. Dining staff should develop good hygiene habits, not overeating.

2, strengthen the purchase of food, transportation, preservation, cooking process and the disposal of leftovers and other health supervision and inspection.

3, suffering from skin septicemia and pharyngitis, can not do cooking work.

4, raw personnel to deep people in the kitchen, especially when the festival will be meals, to carry out strict hygiene supervision.

5, eat spoiled canned food, sausage, salted meat should be sufficiently heated before eating