Grass-roots employment means working at the grass-roots level in urban and rural areas. In recent years, the state has introduced a series of preferential policies to encourage college graduates to actively participate in the construction of new socialist villages, urban community building and enlistment in the army. Generally speaking, the grassroots level includes both rural areas and urban communities; it covers party and government organs, enterprises and institutions below the county level, as well as social organizations, non-public organizations and small and medium-sized enterprises; and it includes both self-employment and self-employment, as well as arduous industries and difficult positions.

2. What are the main preferential policies of the State to encourage graduates to work at the grassroots level?

1) For college graduates who go to the grassroots level in rural areas and urban communities to engage in social management and public ****service work, and meet the conditions for employment in public welfare posts and are employed in public welfare posts, they are given social insurance subsidies and public welfare post subsidies in accordance with the provisions of the current national policy on promoting employment.

(2) Those who are employed in other social management and public ****service positions at the grassroots level in rural areas and urban communities shall be given remuneration or subsistence subsidies, and at the same time shall participate in the relevant social insurance in accordance with the regulations.

(3) For college graduates who are employed in rural grass-roots units below the county level in the central and western regions and in difficult and remote areas, and who fulfill a certain period of service, as well as for those who have been recruited for compulsory military service, corresponding tuition fee compensations and compensation for state student loans will be implemented in accordance with the regulations.

(4) For college graduates with grass-roots work experience, priority is given to them in the recruitment of postgraduates and in the selection and recruitment of institutions, and the proportion of those recruited for civil service positions in Party and government organizations at the prefecture and municipal levels and above is further expanded.

3. What are grassroots social management and public **** service positions?

The so-called grass-roots social management and public **** service positions, including village officials, teaching, farming, medical, rural poverty alleviation, as well as urban communities, such as legal aid, employment assistance, social security assistance, cultural and scientific services, elderly care, home services for people with disabilities, and low-cost housing supporting services.

4. What are other grassroots social management and public ****service positions?

The corresponding social management and public **** service positions developed or established at the grassroots level in streets, communities, townships and other areas. Partially funded by the government, or funded by relevant organizations and units. The personnel arranged for use are entitled to relevant subsidies in accordance with the regulations.

5. What are public service positions?

Funded by the government to develop, in order to meet the community and residents of the public **** interests of the management and service positions. Public welfare jobs give priority to people in difficulty or special groups, and social insurance subsidies and job subsidies are given from special funds for employment.

6. What is the social insurance subsidy for public welfare jobs?

After the employers who are eligible for public welfare positions recruit college graduates from families with difficulties in employment and zero employment and pay social insurance premiums for them according to the regulations, the government will give the employers financial subsidies from the re-employment funds of the local finance.

7. What is the public welfare post subsidy?

Streets (communities) or other approved labor dispatch organizations to arrange employment difficulties and zero-employment families of college graduates to work in public welfare positions, and the hiring of personnel to implement unified management, unified payroll, unified payment of social insurance premiums, and sign a six-month or more labor contracts, the local financial subsidies to the employer.

8. What are the main policy contents of tuition compensation and student loan repayment?

Fresh graduates of universities in the central sector (full-time undergraduates, seniors, postgraduates and graduates of the second bachelor's degree) who are employed in grass-roots units in the central and western regions and in difficult and remote areas and have a service period of more than three years (including three years) are compensated for their tuition fees by the state. For those who have obtained state student loans (including state student loans for colleges and universities and credit student loans from the place of origin, hereinafter the same) during the study period, the tuition fees compensated shall be utilized to repay the principal of the state student loans and the interest incurred before the repayment of the loan in its entirety as a matter of priority. Except for students who are directed, commissioned and have already enjoyed the policy of exempting all tuition fees during their school years.

9. What are the geographical areas of employment in which the State implements the compensation of tuition fees and repayment of student loans?

The State will compensate tuition fees and repay student loans for graduates of colleges and universities belonging to the central departments who have been employed in grass-roots units in the central and western regions and in difficult and remote areas and who have fulfilled a certain period of service, in accordance with the regulations. The geographical scope involved here mainly includes:

(1) Western region: 12 provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the central government) such as Tibet, Inner Mongolia, Guangxi, Chongqing, Sichuan, Guizhou, Yunnan, Shaanxi, Gansu, Qinghai, Ningxia, Xinjiang, etc.; (2) Central region: 10 provinces such as Hebei, Shanxi, Jilin, Heilongjiang, Anhui, Jiangxi, Henan, Hubei, Hunan, Hainan, etc.; (3) Difficult and remote areas: 10 provinces determined by the State Council to determine the economic level and conditions of some states, counties and ethnic minority areas. (For details, please visit the Chinese government website:; or visit the Beida Legal Information Network:)

(4) Grass-roots units:

①Authorities, enterprises and public institutions below the counties in the central and western regions and in the difficult and remote areas, including township (township) government offices, rural primary and secondary schools, state-owned agricultural (animal husbandry, forestry) farms, agricultural technology promotion stations, animal husbandry and veterinary stations, township health centers, family planning service stations, township cultural stations, township labor and employment service stations, etc.; ② work site is located in the above areas below the county meteorological, seismic, geological, hydropower construction, coal, oil, navigation, nuclear industry and other central units of the hard industry production line.

10. Tuition reimbursement and student loan reimbursement standards and how many years?

The maximum amount of tuition reimbursement and state student loan repayment per student per academic year is not more than 6,000 yuan. If the actual tuition fees paid or the state student loans obtained during the study period are less than 6000 RMB per year, the compensation or reimbursement will be made according to the actual tuition fees paid or the amount of state student loans obtained. If the actual tuition fee paid is higher than 6,000 yuan per year, compensation or reimbursement will be made according to the amount of 6,000 yuan per year.

The number of years that undergraduates, graduates of specialized colleges and universities, postgraduates and graduates of the second bachelor's degree have to compensate tuition fees or obtain state student loans shall be calculated in accordance with the corresponding academic system stipulated by the state. If the time of study in school is lower than the number of years stipulated in the corresponding academic system, the number of years of compensating tuition fees or repaying student loans shall be calculated according to the actual time of study. If the time spent in school is higher than the number of years in the corresponding academic system, the number of years will be calculated according to the number of years in the academic system.

One-third of the total amount of tuition fees or state student loans will be reimbursed each year, and the reimbursement will be completed in three years.

11. How do graduates of colleges and universities belonging to the central government apply for tuition reimbursement and student loan reimbursement?

1) Submit to the school the Application Form for Tuition Fee Compensation and State Student Loan Repayment and the employment agreement signed by the graduate himself, the employment organization and the school to serve in the grass-roots units in the central and western regions and the difficult and remote areas for more than three years when going through the formalities for leaving the school; (2) If you have obtained the state student loan during your study in the school, state that you have applied for National Student Loan Repayment, if they are eligible for National Student Loan Repayment, they do not need to repay the loan to the bank by themselves; (3) Colleges and universities are responsible for reviewing the eligibility of the application and reporting it to the National Student Financial Aid Administration Center.

12. How can graduates of locally-affiliated colleges and universities get tuition fee compensation and student loan reimbursement for employment at the grassroots level?

The Interim Measures on Tuition Fee Compensation and National Student Loan Reimbursement for Higher Education Graduates issued by the Ministry of Finance and the Ministry of Education require that all localities should study and formulate the tuition fee reimbursement and student loan reimbursement for locally-affiliated college graduates who are employed at grass-roots level in the arduous and remote areas of the jurisdiction. Whether or not graduates of locally-affiliated colleges and universities are eligible for tuition fee compensation or reimbursement of state student loans for employment at the grassroots level, as well as how to apply for such compensation or reimbursement, please check with the relevant government departments in the area where your school is located.

16. What are the areas in which the Special Post Program for Rural Teachers is implemented?

The 2006-2008 "Special Post Program" was implemented mainly in counties in the western region of the country (including some of the regiments of the Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps), including some of the central provinces of the country that are included in the National Western Development Plan. In 2009, the scope of implementation was expanded to include the key counties in the central and western regions of the country in the work of poverty alleviation and development.

17. What are the recruitment targets and conditions for the Special Post Program for Rural Teachers?

1) Fresh undergraduate graduates from higher teacher training colleges and other full-time colleges and universities, and a small number of fresh graduates of teacher training specialties may be recruited.

(2) Former undergraduate graduates of full-time general colleges and universities who have obtained teaching qualifications, have some practical experience in education and teaching, and are under 30 years old.

(3) Volunteers who have participated in the "College Students' Volunteer Service Program in the West", volunteers with teaching experience, and graduates of teacher training colleges and universities who have participated in internships for more than half a year are preferred under the same conditions.

(4) The applicants should meet the requirements of the teacher qualification conditions and the requirements of the recruitment position.

18. What are the recruitment procedures for the Special Post Program for Rural Teachers?

Special-post teachers are recruited openly and managed by contract. The contract stipulates the rights and obligations of both the employer and the candidate.

Recruitment is carried out by the provincial departments of education, human resources and social security, finance, editorial office and other relevant departments***, following the principles of "openness, fairness, voluntariness, and selection of the best candidates" and the principle of "three definitions" (county, school, and post), and in accordance with the following procedures Conducted: ① announced the need, ② voluntary registration, ③ qualification, ④ examination, ⑤ centralized training, ⑥ qualification, ⑦ signed a contract, ⑧ on duty teaching.

19. What is the selection and recruitment of college graduates to serve in the village?

In 2008, the Ministry of Organization, Ministry of Education, Ministry of Finance, Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security issued "on the issuance of & lt; on the selection and recruitment of college graduates to serve in the village of the views (for trial implementation) & gt; notice", with five years to select and recruit 100,000 college graduates to rural villages as village committee director assistant, village assistant secretary or party branch secretary, deputy secretary and other positions. The graduates will work in villages for two to three years.

20. What is the target of the selection and recruitment to serve in the village? What conditions should be met?

Selected for the 30-year-old fresh and former graduates of full-time general colleges and universities with specialized education, focusing on fresh graduates and graduates of 1 to 2 years of undergraduate and postgraduate students, in principle, for the Chinese *** party members (including preparatory members), non-Chinese *** party members of the excellent cadres, outstanding student cadres can also be selected for employment.

The basic conditions are: ① good ideological and political quality, practical style, hard-working, strong sense of organization and discipline. ② good academic performance, with a certain degree of organizational and coordination skills. ③ Voluntary work in rural grassroots. ④ Physical health. In addition, to participate in the Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security, the Central Committee and other departments of the organization to the rural grass-roots service, "three support a help", "Volunteer Program in the West" and other activities of graduates of colleges and universities, their own volition and have the conditions for selection and recruitment, recommended by the organization can be As an object of selection and recruitment.

21. What is the procedure for selection and recruitment to the village?

The selection and recruitment work is generally carried out through individual registration, qualification examination, organizational inspection, physical examination, public announcement, decision to employ, training and induction procedures.

22. What is the "Three Support One Support" program?

"Three Supports and One Support" is the abbreviation of "Supporting Teaching, Supporting Medicine, Supporting Agriculture and Poverty Alleviation" In 2006, the Ministry of Organization, the Ministry of Personnel and other eight departments issued the "Notice on the Organization of College Graduates to Rural Grassroots Engaged in Supporting Teaching, Supporting Agriculture, Supporting Medicine and Poverty Alleviation" to openly recruit, voluntarily apply for the program, organize the selection, and uniformly dispatch the program in a manner of five consecutive years starting from 2006. By way of open recruitment, voluntary application, organizational selection and unified dispatch, 20,000 college graduates were recruited each year for five consecutive years starting in 2006, and were mainly assigned to townships and villages to engage in teaching, farming, medical and poverty-alleviation work. The term of service is generally two to three years. Recruitment targets are mainly fresh graduates of ordinary colleges and universities across the country.

23. What is the Western Volunteer Service Program?

The Western Volunteer Service Program for College Students is led by the Central Committee of the *** Youth League and organized by the Ministry of Education, the Ministry of Finance, and the Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security***. Beginning in 2003, a certain number of fresh graduates from general institutions of higher education are recruited each year to engage in volunteer service in education, health, agricultural technology, poverty alleviation, and the construction and management of youth centers for a period of one to three years in townships and villages in impoverished counties in the west.

24. What preferential policies will graduates who participate in grassroots employment programs organized by the central government enjoy upon completion of their service?

Participating in the "Selection and Recruitment of College Graduates to Serve in Villages", "Three Supports and One Support", "College Students Volunteering to Serve in the West Program", "Special Posting for Teachers in Rural Compulsory Education Stage Schools", and "The Rural Compulsory Education Stage Schools" are all preferential policies. Rural Compulsory Education Stage School Teachers Ad Hoc Position Program" project, the service period of graduates, enjoy the following preferential policies:

1) civil service recruitment preferential: the prefecture (city) level and above party and government organs to recruit civil servants, to be clear about the proportion of recruitment of people with more than 2 years of grass-roots work experience; county and township organs to come up with a certain number of positions, dedicated to recruiting to the village post The government has also been working to improve the quality of education in the country, and has been working to improve the quality of education in the country.

(2) career recruitment concessions: encouragement to stay in the local employment after the end of the project, to participate in the grass-roots employment program corresponding to the natural attrition of the vacant posts, all employment of graduates of colleges and universities after completion of the service period. From 2009 onwards, to the township institutions to serve college graduates after 1 year of service, in the case of the current job vacancies, after passing the examination, you can sign an employment contract with the unit of not less than 3 years. At the same time, the provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities) counties and county-related institutions above the open recruitment of staff, should come up with no less than 40% of the proportion of the employment of graduates who have passed the assessment at the end of the service period of the various grass-roots employment programs.

(3) Preferential treatment for entrance examination and advancement to higher education: the total score of the preliminary examination for master's degree will be increased by 10 points within three years after the completion of the service period; under the same conditions, priority will be given to the admission of students; students of higher vocational education (Higher Education) may be exempted from the examination for enrollment in the Adult Bachelor's degree.

(4) State Tuition Compensation and Student Loan Repayment Policies: Graduates who participate in various grassroots employment programs and meet the prescribed conditions are entitled to the corresponding tuition compensation and student loan repayment policies.

(5) Those who start their own business upon completion of the service period can enjoy the relevant policies such as reduction or exemption of administrative fees and charges, guarantee and interest subsidy for small loans.

(6) Other: the years of service of each grass-roots employment program are counted as years of service. Those who are employed in enterprises upon completion of the service period will have their social insurance relations transferred in accordance with the regulations.

Encouraging college graduates to enlist in the armed forces to serve the motherland

25. The state encourages college graduates to enlist in the armed forces, how is "college graduates" defined here?

The term refers to full-time graduates of full-time public ordinary schools of higher education, private ordinary schools of higher education and independent colleges under the central government and local governments, as well as graduates of postgraduate and second bachelor's degree programs. Excluding former graduates and students of adult higher education, higher education self-study examination category, and all kinds of non-academic education.

26. Which department is responsible for conscription?

The Military Service Law stipulates that the Ministry of National Defense is responsible for national military service under the leadership of the State Council and the Central Military Commission.

Military districts are responsible for handling military service work in their regions in accordance with the tasks assigned to them by the Ministry of National Defense.

The People's Armed Forces Departments of provincial military districts (garrisons and police districts), military sub-districts (police districts), and counties, autonomous counties, cities, and municipal districts, which are also the military service organs of the people's governments of the respective levels, are responsible for handling the military service work in their regions under the leadership of the higher-level military organs and the people's governments of the same level.

27. What political conditions do citizens need to fulfill to be recruited into the military?

The political examination for conscription includes the age, household registration, occupation, political outlook, religious beliefs, cultural level, real-life performance, and the political situation of the main members of the family and members of the main social relations of the conscripted citizens. Enlistment Citizens serving on active duty must love the Chinese ****sanitary Party, the socialist motherland, the People's Army, abide by the law, be of good moral character, and be determined to resist aggression, defend the motherland, and defend the people's peaceful labor and struggle valiantly.

28. What are the basic physical conditions that citizens must meet in order to be drafted into the army?

Citizens enlisting in the military must be physically and mentally healthy and physically fit. Among them, there are several basic conditions:

Height: above 162cm for men and above 160cm for women

Weight: no more than +20% and -10% of the standard body weight for men

no more than ±15% of the standard body weight for women

Standard body weight=(height-110)kg

Individuals with outstanding physical conditions can have their body weight lowered. The weight of individual male conscripts with better physical conditions can be relaxed to no more than 25% and no less than 15% of the standard weight.

Vision: vision standards for road service positions, youth enlisted with a college degree or higher education are relaxed to 4.6 naked eye vision in the right eye and 4.5 naked eye vision in the left eye.

Internal medicine: negative surface antigen for hepatitis B, and so on.

29. What are the age requirements for college graduates to be recruited into the military?

Higher vocational (college) graduates are 18-23 years old in that year, and those with bachelor's degree or above can be relaxed to 24 years old in that year.

30. When will the pre-conscription for the 2009 college graduates begin?

The national conscription takes place every winter. Starting in 2009, a pre-recruitment system will be implemented for fresh college graduates from ordinary colleges and universities. From May to June, military service organs in the localities where the colleges and universities are located will go into the colleges and universities in conjunction with the relevant departments to carry out pre-recruitment work.

31.What are the procedures for college graduates to be recruited into the military?

1) Registration for military service and pre-enlistment: the military service organs at the county level where the colleges and universities are located, together with the relevant departments, will go to the schools to carry out registration for military service and enlistment census, and the graduates themselves can enroll with the relevant departments of their colleges and universities.

(2) Pre-conscription in colleges and universities: from May to June, the county-level military service organs of the colleges and universities, together with the departments of education, public security and health, will go to the colleges and universities to organize the preliminary physical examination and the political examination, and the ones that are in line with the basic conditions of enlistment will be determined as the pre-conscription objects and will fill in the Pre-conscription Objects Registration Form for Fresh Graduates of Colleges and Universities. The initial physical examination of eyesight, liver function and other items to focus on the examination.

(3) to the place of domicile to enroll in the draft: from November to December, identified as the pre-conscription object of college graduates, before the start of the winter conscription with the "fresh college graduates pre-conscription object registration form" to the enrollment before the domicile of the county (city, district) conscription office to enroll in the draft. Those who pass the physical examination, political examination and meet other recruitment conditions will be given priority approval for enlistment by the conscription office of the people's government of the county (city or district).

32. Which department is responsible for graduate pre-conscription work in colleges and universities?

Colleges and universities that have an armed forces department are led by the armed forces department, and those that don't have an armed forces department are led by the student management department. Graduates who are interested in joining the military can consult with their school's armed forces department or student affairs office.

33. What are the preferential policies for graduates to be recruited for compulsory military service?

College graduates enlisting for compulsory military service, in addition to enjoying priority in enlistment, medical examination and political examination, approval and ordering of troops and other preferential placement policies, also enjoy priority in selection and use, preferential treatment for higher education, compensation of tuition fees or repayment of state student loans and other preferential policies.

34. What is the understanding of the graduates "priority enrollment"?

Before the enlistment, the county military service organs notify the pre-conscription object of the enrollment time, place, precautions and so on. The first thing that you need to do is to get your hands on a new one, and you'll be able to do it in a way that's easy for you.

35. How do you understand that graduates are given priority in physical and political examinations?

The physical examination of graduates is handled directly by the county-level military service organs. Before the conscription, the county military service organs to notify the pre-conscription object physical examination time, place, precautions, and all arrangements for their physical examination on the station. In addition to organic or infectious diseases, generally no single subject shall be eliminated.

Organizing the political examination of college graduates is carried out in strict accordance with the Regulations on the Political Examination of Conscripts. The "enlisted citizens political review form" in the "school identification opinion" column of the identification opinion of the "fresh graduates of colleges and universities pre-enlistment object registration form" opinion shall prevail, no longer fill in the identification opinion. Before enlisting in the army, the registration form for fresh graduates of colleges and universities is attached to the political examination form and loaded into the files of new recruits.

40.What is the enrollment of political and legal colleges and universities for grass-roots public prosecutors and lawyers for targeted positions?

In 2008, the political and legal colleges and universities carried out pilot work on the reform of the recruitment and training system, focusing on selecting talents from retired soldiers of the army and graduates of ordinary colleges and universities, and directed recruitment and training of all kinds of talents at the level of specialization or above for the grass-roots organs of the public prosecutors, judges and judicial authorities in the western and economically underdeveloped regions.

41. What is the content of the tuition fee compensation and student loan reimbursement for conscripted soldiers?

Beginning in 2009, the state has compensated the tuition fees paid by college graduates enlisted for compulsory military service during their school years. For those who have received a state student loan while in school, the tuition reimbursement is first used to repay the principal of the student loan and the interest accrued on it before it is fully repaid.

42. Can all college graduates who are recruited into the military enjoy the tuition compensation or student loan repayment policy?

Students who have been exempted from all tuition fees during their school years, directed students, commissioned students, national defense students, college graduates recruited on the basis of the conditions for growing cadres in the armed forces, and non-commissioned officers recruited directly from college graduates are not entitled to tuition reimbursement or reimbursement of student loans.

43. What are the criteria for tuition reimbursement and student loan reimbursement?

The state compensates the tuition fee or repayment of the principal and interest of the state student loans for each academic year of the graduates who are serving the compulsory military service, the maximum amount is not more than 6000 yuan; the actual tuition fee paid or the principal and interest of the state student loans obtained by the graduates during the school period is higher than 6000 yuan, the compensation or repayment of the graduates is carried out in accordance with the amount of 6000 yuan per year; the actual tuition fee paid or the principal and interest of the state student loans obtained by the graduates during the school period is higher than 6000 yuan, the amount is 6000 yuan per year. If the tuition fees or the principal and interest of the state student loans received by a college graduate during his or her study period are lower than 6,000 yuan, compensation or reimbursement will be made in accordance with the principle that the tuition fees and the principal and interest of the state student loans are the highest.

51. Which graduates can be employed as research assistants or support staff?

The target candidates are mainly outstanding fresh graduates, including doctoral, master's and undergraduate students trained by colleges and universities as well as scientific research institutes with degree-granting rights.

52. Are graduates employed in scientific research programs employees?

No. Graduates employed in research projects must sign a service agreement with the project organization to specify the rights, responsibilities and obligations of both parties.

53. What should be included in the service agreement between the project organization and the graduate?

(1) the name and address of the project undertaking unit;

(2) the name, resident identity card number and address of the research assistant;

(3) the duration of the service agreement;

(4) the content of the work;

(5) the amount of labor expenses and the mode of payment;

(6) the social insurance;

(7) the other contents agreed upon by the two sides through consultation.

The service agreement shall not stipulate that the graduate shall be liable for liquidated damages.

54. How is the term of the service agreement agreed upon?

The term of the service agreement can be up to three years, three years or less of the service agreement period has expired and the project implementation period has not expired, according to the needs of the work can be negotiated to renew to three years. three years after the expiration of the period, the graduates intend to continue to work in the project unit, the project unit agrees to accept the formal employment procedures. （

55. Can the service agreement be canceled during the period of fulfillment?

During the period of service agreement, graduates can cancel the service agreement, but they should notify the project unit in writing 15 days in advance.

If the project organization wants to terminate the service agreement, it should notify the graduate in writing 30 days in advance. After the research assistant is released from the service agreement or the agreement is terminated at the expiration of the term, eligible graduates can enjoy the unemployment insurance treatment according to the regulations.

56. How do graduates get paid?

The unit undertaking the project shall pay the labor cost to the graduates, and the specific amount shall be determined by mutual agreement. The time spent as a research assistant is counted as years of service.

57. Does the project organization provide insurance for the hired graduates?

The project unit shall provide social insurance for the graduates, including basic pension insurance, basic medical insurance, unemployment insurance, industrial injury insurance and maternity insurance, and pay the contributions in full and on time. The specific methods of enrollment, contribution and treatment payment shall be implemented with reference to the relevant provisions of each social insurance.

58.How to move the household records of the employed graduates?

Graduates participating in the project research period, depending on the local situation, their household accounts and records can be stored in the project unit location or the family location of the talent exchange center before enrollment. The Talent Exchange Center in the location of the project undertaking unit or the Talent Exchange Center in the location of the family before enrollment shall provide free hosting services for their accounts and files.

59. How to get a job after the service agreement expires?

After the expiration of the agreement, if the program unit has no intention to renew the employment, the graduates will be employed in other positions. At the same time, the State encourages project undertakings to give priority to those who have worked as research assistants when they formally employ (recruit) personnel. The formal employment (recruitment) of personnel who have worked as research assistants by the project undertaking unit or other employing units shall be carried out in accordance with the Labor Contract Law and the Circular of the General Office of the State Council Transmitting the Opinions of the Ministry of Personnel on the Pilot Implementation of the Personnel Employment System in Public Institutions (Guo Ban Fa [2002] No. 35), etc., respectively.

71. How can college graduates improve their ability to start their own businesses?

College students who wish to start their own businesses can participate in entrepreneurship training and practice, and receive general entrepreneurship education, in order to systematically learn the knowledge of starting a business, perfecting the business plan, improving the profitability of the business, reducing the risk, and promoting the success of the business.

At present, many colleges and universities have already opened courses on entrepreneurship training and entrepreneurship practice activities, which college students can choose to participate in; in addition, human resources and social security departments around the world have also opened entrepreneurship training courses, and college graduates who have left school and are not yet employed can apply to local human resources and social security departments to take part in subsidized training. Such as "GYB" (Generate Your Business Idea), "SYB" (Start Your Business), "IYB" (Improve Your Business).

72. What preferential policies can college graduates enjoy when they start their own businesses?

(1) Small Guaranteed Loans and Interest Subsidy Support

①Registered unemployed college graduates who start their own businesses and have insufficient self-financing can apply for a small guaranteed loan of up to 50,000 yuan from a local designated bank; for those engaged in micro-profit projects, they can also receive interest subsidy support.

② Voluntary to the western region and the grass-roots level below the county business graduates, self-funding is insufficient, you can also apply for a small secured loan to the local bank; engaged in micro-profit projects, you can get 50% of the subsidized interest support.

(2) Exemption of Administrative Fees and Charges

College graduates who engage in self-employment and register in the industrial and commercial department within two years after graduation are exempted from administrative fees and charges for management, registration and licenses for three years from the date of their first registration in the industrial and commercial department.

3) Training Subsidies

Graduates who register as unemployed after leaving school and participate in entrepreneurial training organized by the Human Resources and Social Security Department are eligible for vocational training subsidies.

(4) Free Entrepreneurial Services

College graduates who wish to start their own business can receive free entrepreneurial guidance services provided by the public ****employment service department, including project development, program design, risk assessment, guidance on opening a business, financing services, and follow-up support.

73. What is a small secured loan? What is the purpose of small secured loans?

Micro-guaranteed loan refers to a loan business that is funded by the government to set up a guarantee fund, entrusted to a guarantee institution to provide loan guarantees, and issued by a commercial bank to solve the problem of insufficient self-financing of self-employed people engaged in self-employment who meet certain conditions.

Micro-guaranteed loans are mainly used as start-up funds and working capital for self-employment, independent entrepreneurship, or partnership and organized entrepreneurship.

74. What is the amount of the small guaranteed loan? How long is the loan period?

The state stipulates that the maximum individual application amount is not more than 50,000 yuan, and there are different regulations on the application amount of small guaranteed loans in different regions, and the amount is higher than 50,000 yuan in many regions. The amount of partnership loans is even greater.

The term of a small secured loan is generally no more than two years, and can be extended for one year.

75. How to apply for a small secured loan? In which banks can I apply for a small secured loan?

Micro-guaranteed loans are handled in accordance with the procedures of voluntary application, community recommendation, examination by the human resources and social security departments, examination and commitment to guarantee by loan guarantee institutions, and underwriting by commercial banks.

Country-owned commercial banks, joint-stock commercial banks, city commercial banks and urban and rural credit unions can all offer small guaranteed loans, and each region determines the specific bank to handle them according to the actual situation. Small-amount guaranteed loans can be handled at the specific banks designated to handle them.

76. What kinds of projects are considered micro-profit projects?

The People's Bank of China, the Ministry of Finance, the former Ministry of Labor and Social Security and other jointly issued the "Notice on Improving and Perfecting the Policy of Small Guaranteed Loans" (Yinfa [2006] No. 5), clearly defined by the provinces, autonomous regions, municipalities directly under the Central Government, the People's Government of the municipalities listed in the plan in conjunction with the actual determination of micro-profit projects within the scope. Mainly include: cottage industry, repair and mending, book lending, hotel services, food and beverage services, washing, dyeing and mending, copying and typing, hairdressing, small dining room, kiosk, moving, hourly service, household cleaning and sanitation services, primary health care services, infant and childcare and education services, disabled children's education and training and boarding services, elderly care services, patient care, early childhood and student transportation services, and so on.

For those engaged in micro-profit projects, the interest on the loans will be borne by the financial sector for 50% (25% by the central financial sector and 25% by local financial sectors, and the interest will not be subsidized during the extension period).

Employment guidance services and employment assistance

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