According to the analysis and prediction of relevant professionals, the sheep-raising fever in China will present an unprecedented new situation in 20 15 years. Because chickens, ducks, dogs, pigs and other poultry and livestock feed mainly on grain and meat, the cost is high and the benefit is not obvious. Sheep are herbivorous livestock, which is convenient for grazing and keeping in captivity. With its herbivorous ability and well-developed rumen, sheep can make a lot of use of forage, straw and other coarse feed and convert it into mutton and wool that people need. Moreover, mutton sheep grow fast, have strong disease resistance and high reproduction rate. Generally, lambs produced in that year can benefit from slaughter in that year.
The protein content of mutton is higher than other meats, and it is an ideal meat with low fat and cholesterol. In the international market, mutton is in short supply. Besides mutton, sheepskin and wool are raw materials for textile industry, and they are also important products to earn foreign exchange through export.
The Chairman once said at the Fourth Session of the Ninth National People's Congress: The outstanding focus of strengthening agriculture and farmers' income is to vigorously develop animal husbandry, which covers a wide range and can be raised by farmers in different regions. It is the main source of farmers' income today, with less investment, quick results and high commodity aluminum. Animal husbandry has low dependence on land education and high output per unit area. At the same time, it can absorb more rural surplus labor, which can effectively alleviate the contradiction of increasing land and reducing land. Animal husbandry and agriculture depend on each other and promote each other, which can not only turn food into added value, but also improve it. Organic fertilizer improves the quality of agricultural products. Achieve cost reduction and efficiency increase. Greatly increasing farmers' income, the animal husbandry industry chain is long and highly correlated, which can not only promote the development of grass industry, feed industry and veterinary medicine industry, but also promote the development of food, wool textile, leather, pharmaceutical processing and catering industry. Second, the development of tertiary industry. Animal husbandry also has a high price advantage in domestic and international market competition, especially after joining WTO.
In recent years, the state has vigorously called for the development of straw farming, making full use of crop straw, returning it to the field after abdomen, optimizing and adjusting the industrial structure of animal husbandry, reducing feeding costs and improving environmental pollution caused by straw burning. Therefore, the advantage of raising small-tailed Han sheep is that it has strong adaptability to resources and is suitable for family feeding management. It can be transformed into food that is less constrained by cultivated land, climate and geographical environment, and can also use agricultural and sideline products such as straw and cakes, and can also use vast grasslands. Since the reform and opening up, China's animal husbandry has made great progress, and its role in rural economy and income increase has become more and more obvious. According to observation and understanding, in recent years, sheep breeding fever will present an unprecedented new situation.
Sheep are ruminants and herbivores, with strong gregarious and adaptability, which is convenient for grazing management and captive management. Its developed rumen can make full use of coarse feed such as straw, hay and leaves of various crops and turn it into mutton and fur that people need. However, the small-tailed Han sheep is precocious, has strong disease resistance, high reproduction rate and fast turnover. The protein content of mutton is higher than other meats, and it is an ideal meat with low fat and cholesterol, which is available in domestic and foreign markets. Besides mutton, casing fur is the raw material of light industry, and it is also an important raw material to earn foreign exchange through export, which sells well all over the world. The feeding and management of small-tailed Han sheep is very wide, which can be developed by general farmers, ranging from a few to dozens until large-scale feeding and factory feeding.
At present, among sheep breeds in China, small-tailed Han sheep is one of the excellent breeds with good performance such as early maturity, meat production, reproductive rate and individual, so the economic benefit of feeding is still considerable. In the next few years, the breeding of small-tailed Han sheep will be a national gold industry with deep development, large-scale breeding, comprehensive processing and export. It is also an effective way to increase farmers' income.
Demand analysis of mutton
For a long time, in the consumption structure of meat products market in China, pork accounts for a large proportion, while mutton only accounts for 5.5%. With the continuous improvement of the income level of urban and rural residents in China, the consumption concept has gradually changed, and the consumption of mutton is on the rise. According to the data of the National Bureau of Statistics, in 2002, the per capita household consumption of mutton in China was 0.79 kg, which rose to 1.06 kg in 2007, with an average annual increase of about 6% (see table). Extrapolating from this trend, it is predicted that the per capita consumption level of Chinese households will reach 1.69 kg in 20 15 years, and the domestic mutton consumption demand will reach 231.5000 tons according to the estimated population of1.37 billion. If outdoor consumption that cannot be accurately counted is taken into account, the demand for mutton is greater.
Analysis of development potential
China is a big sheep-raising country in the world, and its mutton production ranks first in the world for a long time. In recent years, China's mutton sheep production has entered a period of rapid growth. With the further implementation of various policies to support agriculture and benefit farmers and the further acceleration of scientific and technological progress, mutton sheep production will maintain a high growth rate in the future.
1. Feeding growth potential.
At present, there are 330 million hectares of usable grassland, 25 million hectares of artificial grass planting, 5.5 million hectares of returning farmland to grassland and more than 600 million tons of crop straw in China. At present, the grassland and pastoral areas in northern China are generally overloaded and overgrazing, so the scale of mutton sheep breeding should not be further expanded. The natural resources to increase the number of mutton sheep in the future are mainly grass slopes and crop straws in the south. There are 67 million hectares of grassy hills and slopes in southern China. At present, the improved area is less than 5%, and the development and utilization potential is huge. If we increase the development and utilization of grassy hills and slopes, the improved grassland area will reach 15%; if 60% is used for raising sheep, 7.5 sheep per hectare will increase the breeding scale of mutton sheep by 3010.5 million. China has 600 million tons of crop stalks. At present, the crop straw used as feed in China is about 200 million tons, and it will increase to 300 million tons by 20 15, of which 40% will be used as feed for mutton sheep. According to the calculation of raising 750 Jin of a sheep, 53.3 million mutton sheep can be added. It is estimated that by 20 15, the breeding potential of new mutton sheep in China will be about 83.45 million under the condition of strengthening the development of straw resources in grass hills and slopes in southern China and semi-agricultural areas.
2. Individual output potential.
Mutton sheep in China are small and produce less meat. In 2007, the average carcass weight of mutton sheep in China was 15 kg, which was lower than that of developed countries 18 kg. In recent years, the carcass weight of mutton sheep has increased year by year, and in 2007 it increased by 0.8 kg compared with 2002. With the improvement of mutton sheep breeds and the improvement of feeding management level, the individual yield-increasing potential of mutton sheep will be further released. It is estimated that by 20 15, the average meat yield of mutton sheep in China will reach 16 kg. Under the condition that the existing slaughter scale remains unchanged, the mutton output can be increased by 250 thousand tons only by improving the individual production capacity of mutton sheep.
3. Potential of increasing farmers' income.
Mutton sheep has low requirements on feeding conditions, wide feed sources, fast growth, less epidemics, low feeding cost and low start-up investment. It has always been an important industry for farmers in grassland pastoral areas, semi-agricultural and semi-pastoral areas and mountainous areas to get rid of poverty and increase income. In recent years, the price of mutton has been rising continuously, and the benefit of breeding has been improved year by year, which has stimulated farmers' enthusiasm for raising sheep. According to the survey, the average net income of each sheep was 100 yuan in 2002, and reached 140 yuan in 2007, with an increase of 40%. At present, many areas take sheep industry as the main measure for farmers and herdsmen to get rid of poverty and become rich, and actively support it. Driven by economic benefits, the production potential will be continuously released, laying a good foundation for the sustained and rapid development of sheep industry in the future.
4. International market development potential.
At present, China is gradually integrating into the international economic system, and the international trade volume of mutton is increasing year by year. The main export target areas are Southeast Asia, the Middle East and Central Asia. Due to the low production cost of mutton in China and the unique flavor of many local excellent varieties of mutton, it has obvious price advantages and certain quality advantages. In the future, with the increasing demand in the international market, there is still great potential to strengthen the construction of advantageous regions for mutton sheep, actively explore the international market and expand the export of mutton products on the basis of meeting domestic demand.
Analysis of restrictive factors
1. The coverage rate of improved varieties is low.
The low level of improved varieties is a prominent bottleneck problem faced by China's sheep industry. Although the coverage rate of improved varieties of mutton sheep in China has reached more than 40%, it is far from the level of more than 80% in developed countries. The hybrid utilization level of excellent breeding sheep is still relatively low, and hybrid varieties have not been widely promoted. In addition, the improved breeding of mutton sheep in China lacks scientific planning, the system is not perfect, the breeding methods are backward, and the construction of mutton sheep seed farm is lagging behind.
2. The supply of special feed is insufficient.
For a long time, mutton sheep breeding mainly adopts grazing method, and almost no concentrated feed is supplemented. In recent years, the feeding mode has gradually changed from grazing to house feeding and semi-house feeding, so it is necessary to supplement forage and concentrate feed appropriately. Due to the slow development of mutton sheep forage production, few kinds of special forage for mutton sheep, low production capacity and small planting area of high-quality forage, it is difficult to meet the needs of farms (households).
3. Backward farming methods.
Pastoral areas are generally overloaded and overgrazing. The overload rate in some provinces and regions is above 30%, and the ecological pressure is great. The traditional development mode of simply relying on grazing to expand the scale of farming has not adapted to the requirements of the situation. Sheep farming in agricultural areas is still dominated by farmers' free-range farming. More than half of the farmers raise less than 10 sheep, and the proportion of farmers who slaughter more than 500 sheep a year is even smaller. The overall level of specialized large-scale farming is low.
4. The processing and circulation enterprises are small in scale.
The slaughter of mutton sheep is scattered, the processing enterprises are small in scale and the technical level is low. Among the 445 mutton sheep producing counties investigated recently, there are 5.3 processing enterprises in each county, with an average annual processing capacity of only 700 tons. Most small enterprises have not passed the internationally accepted quality certification, and the product quality is difficult to guarantee. At present, China's mutton circulation is basically in a disorderly state, there is no large-scale mutton logistics enterprise, and market supervision is not in place.
20 15 sheep breeding prospect forecast
By 20 15, mutton sheep breeding with forage resources, superior variety resources and market location advantages will become the market leader.
The first is to create resource advantages. It has excellent forage resources, a certain number of grasslands, grass hills and grass slopes, rich crop straw resources and low livestock carrying capacity, and has development potential.
The second is to build industrial advantages. Mutton sheep has a good industrial foundation and a reasonable group structure. The number of mutton sheep is over 350,000. It has a good technical service system, a certain scale of slaughtering and processing capacity and a good market situation.
The third is to create growth advantages. The economic benefit of mutton sheep breeding is remarkable, farmers' enthusiasm for raising sheep is improved, mutton sheep breeding is developing rapidly and its comprehensive production capacity is strong.
The fourth is to create a concentrated contiguous destitute area. Breeding areas should be concentrated and contiguous, forming regional scale advantages.
Strengthen the construction of mutton sheep breeding system.
Attach importance to the protection and utilization of domestic local mutton sheep variety resources, improve local varieties by introducing foreign excellent varieties, and cultivate new varieties and strains of mutton sheep suitable for China. Accelerate the breeding speed of imported breeding sheep, reduce the cost of breeding sheep and improve the seed supply capacity. Heterosis will be widely used. On the basis of producing mutton sheep by binary and ternary hybridization in dominant producing areas, according to the ecological conditions and variety resources of different mutton sheep dominant areas, the relatively stable excellent hybrid combinations were screened and popularized. Gradually establish and improve sheep breed associations in various dominant regions, formulate breed standards, and implement breed registration and performance testing.
Vigorously promote standardized production
Actively develop healthy farming, guide farmers to change their farming concepts, and promote standardized scale farming. Establish a standardized production system and implement standardized production procedures in professional sheep farmers and large sheep farms in agricultural areas. Accelerate the construction of specialized breeding communities, focus on the variety, feed, epidemic prevention, breeding technology and product standardization of breeding communities, gradually realize variety improvement, breeding standardization, epidemic prevention institutionalization and product standardization, and promote the production of safe and high-quality mutton products. Popularize the standardized production system, make the weight of binary or ternary hybrid lambs from 8 months to 10 months reach 35 kg to 40 kg, and produce high-grade mutton.
Construction of forage production base
Forage is the foundation of aquaculture, and the balanced supply system of forage is the material guarantee for the development of modern animal husbandry. Establish a special feed crop base, implement a "ternary" planting structure, develop special sheep feed and feed additives, and change the traditional feed structure. Promote grassland improvement, artificial grass planting and grass field rotation in pastoral areas, semi-agricultural and semi-pastoral areas. Accelerate the establishment of modern grass products production and processing demonstration base, and promote the development of grass products processing industry. Strengthen the supervision of overloading and overgrazing, crack down on all kinds of illegal acts that destroy grasslands according to law, and ensure that all measures to balance grass and livestock are implemented.
Strengthen the construction of processing and circulation market system
Strengthen the construction of live sheep trading market and agricultural information system, establish and improve the quarantine inspection system at all levels and the quality, safety and hygiene standard system of animal products, strengthen the quality and safety supervision of animal products, improve the quality of processed products, build a well-known brand of mutton in China, and form a stable production and supply base of high-quality and safe mutton. Encourage processing enterprises to become bigger and stronger, and improve added value and technical content. Implement brand strategy, give full play to the leading role of leading enterprises, and build a famous brand of mutton in China. Build a modern animal husbandry logistics system, vigorously promote various modern logistics forms integrating production, processing and marketing, and gradually build a modern industrial system integrating production, processing and marketing.
20 15 does raising sheep make money?
How to plan the development direction of raising sheep? Now not only individuals want to raise sheep, but also many large enterprises have seen the mutton market. Besides, they are tired of working in the city and want to go home to develop their careers. They feel that many resources that can raise sheep in their hometown are wasted. They want to use sheep to make use of resources and achieve a career.
From preparing feed, building a sheep shed and building a sheep farm, we must have a plan in mind. Small farmers can try to raise 50 to 100 sheep at home in the early stage. The main purpose is to know whether breeding sheep can adapt to the local climate and increase the skills and experience of raising sheep. This is very important.
If we plan to build a regular sheep farm in one step, we should take into account the climate change, different climate and different sheep raising options. First of all, we should measure what varieties are most suitable and in greatest demand according to the local market. In addition, how to find the sales channels of breeding sheep and mutton sheep after the successful trial planting in the early stage and the successful batch breeding in the later stage.
A manager of a sheep farm must consider the later industrial chain. Some people worry that sheep will not be saturated and the price will drop sharply. No one can predict this market problem. At present, the sheep market will not fall sharply, but if you want to base yourself on the sheep industry and mutton sales channels, you can go through supermarkets, hotels and vegetable markets. These are the paths taken by many successful sheep farmers. Only in this way can you produce and sell in one train and get more.
How about 20 15 sheep market?
Everyone can see that the demand for mutton is increasing and the living standard is improving, not to mention the bright future. We have been raising sheep for many years and always believe that the prospect depends on whether the sheep can be raised well. If the sheep are not raised well, even the best prospects are meaningless. Sheep are well raised, even if the prospects are not good, mutton will flood again, and pork will have no market. If the pork market has a bad prospect, why? Therefore, to do any industry is not to look at the prospects, but to see how much you know about this industry, how much you know about sheep raising technology, and whether you can raise sheep well. This is the premise of success, and the prospects are all floating clouds.